Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences
Year:2000 | Volume:2 | Issue:2 (6)|Papers Count:11

OBJECTIVE: Animal experiments have demonstrated that selenium can partly reduce nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of lead. There is no study about possible interactions between lead and selenium in functioning of salivary glands. This study was designed to explore the possible protective effects of selenium on lead-induced alterations on rat submandibular gland function. METHODS: Pure submandibular saliva was collected interiorly by micro polyethylene cannula from anaesthetized rats using pilocarpine as secretagogue. FINDINGS: A Twenty-four day treatment with lead 0.04% and 0.05% as acetate in drinking water altered salivary function. Flow rate was significantly increased by lead (0.04% and 0.05%, p<0.01). The total protein and calcium concentrations of saliva were decreased significantly by either doses of lead (p <0.01). Also both doses of lead decreased the activity of NAG significantly (p<0.01). Selenium alone treatment (2.5 mg/L) in drinking water for 24 days did not induce any significant change in saliva seretory function but treatment with lead and selenium compensated the lead-induced decrease in NAG activity and concentrations of calcium and protein significantly at p<0.01 and raised them to levels close to those in controls. Increased flow rate by lead acetate was also affected by selenium co-treatment and reached that level in control.CONCLUSION: It is concluded that selenium can prevent lead-induced adverse effects on rat submandibular gland function. Properties of selenium as antioxidative, free radical scavenger and maintenance of cell membrane integrity are possible mechanisms of its protective effects. Further studies about interaction of lead and selenium in salivary glands at molecular level are proposed to explore the exact mechanism of their interaction

OBJECTIVE: Staphylococcus aurous is the type species and pathogen of human. There is some factors that determines the virulence of bacteria, but protein A and B-lactamase are the most important factors. We studied the correlations between two factors of virulence (B-lactamase and protein A) in this microorganism.METHODS: We studied the resistance to B-lactamase sensible to B- Lactamase as penicillin G (Pen G), Cefazolin (CeZ), cefalotine (Cfn), resistant to B-lactamase as methicillin (Met) and Oxacillin (Oxa) with disk diffusion method. M.I.C.S. and B-lactamase production detected by broth dilution and acidometric methods. Purification of S.P.A performed on these samples with ion exchange chromatography method (DEAE-Cellulose). Cell wall lysis was performed with heat extraction method.FINDINGS: This results showed that resistance to drugs was 96%(Pen G), 83%(CeZ), 86%(Cfn) and 73% (Oxa). Purification performed on these samples with method (DEAE cellulose) have a sharp dense band in electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with a molecular weight of about 42 kd. CONCLUSION: After studding relationships between existence of S.P.A. and B-lactamase, we determined that 93.7% of strains with B-lactamases had S.P.A. but the strains without B-lactamase only 50% had S.P.A. The result with methicillin resistant strains is most representative because in these kinds of strains there are not any strains with S.P.A

OBJECTIVE: Pain is a protective mechanism for the body that occurs after tissue damage. This mechanism is int1uenced by many factors. This study is performed to detect of pain threshold and the effect of aging on it. METHODS: This study was conducted on 360 normal females between 10-70 Year old that were divided to six decades. The pain threshold was measured from the Ching ling's acupuncture point on medical of arm by use of electrical stimulator (250ms, 5HZ). Statistical analysis was done by ANOV A method and T student. FINDINGS: The results showed that the highest average of pain threshold observed at age group of 51-60 Year old and it's least rate observed at age group of 21-30 Year old. ONCLUSION: There is no significant correlation between pain threshold, and aging process.

OBJECTIVE: Although thiopental sodium (Nesdonal) is an almost ideal drug for induction of anesthesia, but it mostly cause hemodynamic changes such as hypotension. The objective of this study is to compare homodynamic effects of thiopental sodium and Midazolam (From Benzodiazepine family) in order to replace it with thiopental when necessary. METHODS:50 patients in AS.AI were divided into two groups (each group 25 persons) randomly subjects in both groups were administered with premeditation with an equal dose per patient's weight. In first group anesthesia was started with thiopental sodium 4-5 mg/kg with succinylcolin and in the second group with midazolam 0.25-0.3 mg/kg with succinylcolin and intubations was done after a given time. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded for both groups at special times and data were compared with each other.FINDINGS: In this study pulse rate of %20 of patients who received thiopental sodium were increased to 20 beats/min. It was 12% for midazolam group the changes (p=0.000)were meaningful. An increase of systolic blood pressure more than 40 mmHg from base after intubations with thiopental sodium in %24 of persons (p =0.011) and 2 min after intubation in %20 persons (P =0.048) were meaningful. There were no such variations in midazolam group. Data shows that any rise or fall in blood pressure and heart rate observed with thiopental sodium is more than that with midazolam. CONCLUSION: Considering this research and the other studies show more record of homodynamic condition of midazolam than thiopental sodium. Therefore, in patients with dangerous homodynamic variations, especially decreasing of blood pressure only induction with midazolam or a combination of midazolam and thiopental (for rapid onest action) as co-induction is useful.

OBJECTIVE: To compare two methods of sterilization, 196 women who intended to undergo tubal sterilization, were randomly assigned to sterilization either by Filshie clips laparoscopy (96 cases) or modified Pomeroy minilaparotomy technique (100 cases).METHODS: We compared the time of operation, surgical complication, post operative pain and wound infection and after a long term follow up of (1-4years) compared the changes in menstrual indices, pelvic pain and method failure. FINDINGS: With the exception of severe and moderate post operative pain, no statistically significant difference could be identified after evaluation of other complications (p<0.05). The failure rate was 1.72% for clips laparoscopy group but no pregnancy was found in pomeroy minilaparotomy group. Minilaparotomy however, need less equipment and training. Regarding safety and effectiveness of the method and fewer post-surgical complications. However, the differences found in this study are not so significant. If an individual physician prefers this surgical approach, then the results will be favorable. CONCLUSION: This method seems to be considerably advantageous.

OBJECTIVE: Neonatal meningitis is more common than the other ages & it's associated with neural complications and high mortality rate. The cerebrospinal fluid test is the most important test in the diagnosis of meningitis. According to several reports, there were some problems in reporting of this test in Amirkala pediatric hospital. Using the CQI model for quality improvement of cerebro- spinal fluid reports to decrease processes time taking, complications & increase the satisfaction.METHODS: This is a quasiexperimental (pre & post) study performed by FOCUS-PDCA in Feb-2000 in Amirkala pediatric hospital. The time taking of 25 CSF samples reports were measured randomly, then the improvement program performed and the time were measured again in 25 other CSF samples reports and the results were evaluated. FINDINGS: Not having a regular program to remit the samples was the most important cause of low quality according to numerous vote. The preimprovement median time took 3:30 hours and the post one took only 40 minutes. CONCLUSION: According to our results the process time taking decreased 2 hours & 50 minutes after improving program. It caused low complications and high satisfaction. We believe that this first effort can provide a model for the expansion of CQI not only in Babol university of medical sciences but throughout Iran.

OBJECTIVE: Leprosy is endemic in many parts of the world including Iran. To date there has been no study on the prevalence of leprosy in Kermanshah province.METHODS:A descriptive study was performed on the clinical history of 218 leprosy patients referring to the Kermanshah leprosy center from 1981-1998.FINDINGS:74.4 percent of the patients are male and 26.6 percent female. The average age of males is 42 years and females 38. Male to female ratio is 3/1. The highest incidence of leprosy has shown to be among 50-59 year old patients. Kermanshah city and Javanrood have the highest and Sarpolzahab the lowest rate. Lepromatous leprosy (LL) and then the borderline leprosy (BL) are the most common clinical types.CONCLUSION: Leprosy is endemic in Kermanshah province. The center of the province and Javanrood have the highest rate. Therefore it is necessary to consideration that in Kermanshah province.

OBJECTIVE: One of the significant problems in modern gynecology is infertility that may cause emotional stresses leading to destructive effects on community and family. In order to find a solution to this social problem and to evaluate the causes of infertility we conducted this study.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study using individual medical history, clinical examination and preclinical investigation. In this evaluation 920 files of couples referred to Babol infertility center were used. At the first time variables such age couples, type of infertility, duration of infertility, family relation of the couples, family history, and finally causes infertility of with respect to sex were investigated. Correlations of these variables and with causes of infertility were investigated. FINDINGS:76.8 percent have primary infertility. 78.5 percent of women and 80 percent of men were between 20-34 and 25-39 years old, respectively. More than 30 percent of couples had a family history of infertility specially in their immediate family. the average of infertility duration was 5.6±4.25 years. on the whole, 43.3 percent of the causes of infertility were associated with the females, and for men it was 22.6 percent and 27.2 percent for both sexes, 7 percent were diagnosed to have idiopathic infertility. The most significant factors of infertility were found to be, ovulation disorders (45.7%) and uterine cause (4.6%) among women and idiopathic asthenospermia and zoosperm due to insufficient primary testis (8.8%) for men. This investigation shows a meaningful relation between age and duration of infertility of any kind. Despite the meaningful relation between causes of infertility and factors such as age, duration and the kind of infertility in women, age was not a significant factor in men.CONCLUSION: With respect to the high prevalence of primary infertility and ovulation disorder and zoosperm, compared to other studies, treatment strategies should be planned to defect and manage the causes. However, factors such as age, duration and kind of infertility should relating to infertility should necessarily be considered in its medical intervention.

OBJECTIVE: A-beta lipoproteinemia is a genetic disease with recessive autosomal inheritance beginning with Digestive symptoms like diarrhea and malabsorption and progressing with growth impairments in patient's appearance. Early diagnosis and treatment remarkably reduces neurologic and eye disorders.CASE: A 7 month baby was admitted to digestive disease unit of children medical centre for his growth impairment. During infancy he had digestive symptoms and after 5 years of age developed neurologic and ophthalmic symptoms (disorders) with reduced triglycerides and cholesterol levels in serum. severe acanthocytosis was detected in his peripheral blood smears.CONCLUSION: Diagnosis was based on clinical manifestations, special histopathology changes of duodenum and acanthocytosis of peripheral blood smear. Early diagnosis and proper treatment of A- beta lipoproteinemia relieves gastrointestinal disorders and neurologic symptoms. meanwhile it prevents early death of the patients.