JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2007 | Volume:9 | Issue:4 (39)|Papers Count:12

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Different studies have reported different results for expression of cell-cycle regulator genes, P53 and P27kip1, and proliferation marker Ki-67 in gastric cancer and their correlation with clinicohistopathologic parameters and outcome. The aim of this study was to study the expression rate of P53, P27Kip1, Ki-67 and their correlation with histopathological features and subsequently biological behavior in gastric cancer.METHODS: In this experimental (laboratory) study, 58 paraffin-embedded blocks from patients who underwent gastrectomy were stained by hematoxylin-eosin and then immunohistochemistry against P53, P27kip1 and Ki-67. The statistical associations between clinicopathological parameters and immunohistochemical results were tested by Chi- Square and Fisher's- exact test using SPSS. FINDINGS: Male: female=2.86:1; median age= 60, antral location (27 cases), ulcerating macroscopic appearance (29 cases), intestinal (40 cases) and infiltrative type (48 cases) were the most frequent findings. Histological grade G1 (differentiated, 29 cases) and T3 + T4 stages (49 cases) were the most frequent. Number of cases with lymph node metastasis, vascular and neural invasion was 41, 49 and 47, respectively. Expression rate of P53, P27Kip1 and Ki-67 were 56.9%, 56.9% and 75.9%, respectively. There was only a significant correlation between expression of P53 and Ki-67 (p= 0.028, r=0.323).CONCLUSION: According to the results, studying the expression of P53, P27Kip1 and Ki-67 markers alone do not have diagnostic value in predicting the biological behavior of gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Diazinon (DZN) is an organophosphate pesticide which widely used in agriculture. The exposure to this pesticide could be resulted in damages of the living tissues. The present study was done to investigate the effects of diazinon on the leydig cells of testis and levels of sex hormones in the mice.METHODS: In this experimental study, 35 male mice divided into three groups. Control (no injection), Sham (water injection) and DZN group (30mg/kg i.p, five consecutive days per week for one month). Animals were killed 7 days after the latest injection. Blood samples were collected and testosterone, LH and FSH levels were assayed by radioimmunoassay. Testis tissues sections were provided to investigate the changes of leydig cells. Then data were analyzed.FINDINGS: The DZN (6.295±0.361) showed a significant decrease in the number of leydig cells compared with control and sham groups (11.37±0.769 and 11.26±0.347, respectively) (p=0.001) and subsequently decreased serum testosterone level in DZN group (3.68± 0.91) compared with control and sham groups (15.2±1.21 and 15.12±0.84, respectively) (p=0.001) but increased the levels of LH and FSH compared with control and sham groups.CONCLUSION: According to the results, it could be suggested that the DZN can exert a significant toxic effects on testis of mice. On the other hand, hormonal variations following DZN administration may be responsible for changes in infertility pattern in mice.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Dental caries is the most common dental disease in children. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and inorganic phosphorus concentration in saliva may be related to the susceptibility to dental caries.METHODS: In this case-control study, one hundred children in the age group of 4 – 6 years were divided into 3 groups: group one, 30 caries– free children with dfs <1, group two, 33 children with 5< dfs £10 and group three, 37 children with dfs> 10. The unstimulated mixed salivary sample was collected from each child. After centrifuge, supernatants were separated and measurements of salivary ALP activity and inorganic phosphorus concentration were performed by using colorimetric techniques. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and student t-test. FINDINGS: Mean of dfs in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 0.36, 7.12 and 16.32, respectively. Mean values of ALP activity in group 2 (16.9 IU/L) and group 3 (18.3 IU/L) were significantly higher than group 1 (5.4 IU/L) (p<0.05). In addition, mean values of inorganic phosphorus in group 2 (31.1mg/dl) and group 3 (29.3mg/dl) were significantly higher than group 1 (16.2mg/dl) (p< 0.05).CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that ALP activity and inorganic phosphorus concentration had a direct relationship with the increase in caries rates. But this relationship was not seen between moderate and severe caries.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Children feel anxious and fear when they are separated from their parents before going to operating room that it may cause some difficulties and behavior changes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of oral midazolam and promethazine on decreasing children anxiety when they are separated from their parents before anesthesia.METHODS: This clinical study was performed on 56 children 1-5 years old with ASA class I & II who were candidate for elective surgery. They were divided into two randomized equal groups. First group received midazolam 0.3mg/kg and the second one received promethazine 1mg/kg (both orally), 20-30 minutes before entrance to the operating room. The way the child is separated from his/her parents, hemodynamic changes (heart rate) during entrance to the operating room, before and after induction of anesthesia, nausea and vomiting after surgery, and also the duration of recovery time were evaluated and recorded. FINDINGS: The mean age in midazolam and promethazine group was 36±18.25 and 36±15.86 months, respectively. Child separation from parents in midazolam group was easier than promethazine group (p=0.019). The mean of heart rate in midazolam group before premedication, before anesthesia and after tracheal intubation was 107.96±10.18, 116.18±14.2 and 125.61±16.82, respectively and in promethazine group, it was 104.82±9.4, 118.68±13.73 and 128.96±18.4, respectively. Postoperative nausea and vomiting in both groups did not occur. A short recovery time in midazolam group was 78.6% and in promethazine group was 53.6%.CONCLUSION: The results showed that using oral midazolam is preferred to oral promethazine for children separation (under 5 years) from their parents before general anesthesia. 

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: At present, there are different methods of induction (mechanical, surgical and pharmaceutical) to prevent prolonged pregnancy. Each one of these methods has several maternal and fetal complications. Castor oil is among those herbal preparations which are used widely for induction of labor, but only a few studies have been done to evaluate its efficacy and safety. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of castor oil on initiating labor in term pregnant women who referred to Imam Reza maternity hospital and special clinic and also Pastor maternity hospital in Mashhad in 2003.METHODS: This randomized control clinical trial study was done on 47 pregnant women (24 patients in castor oil group and 23 cases in control group) with the gestational age of 40-42 weeks without any evidence of regular uterine contractions. Their Bishop score was 4 or less and there weren’t any clinical or obstetrical complications. At first, we selected our cases according to the objective and then we divided them into castor oil and control groups. We gave 60cc of castor oil to the trial group and there wasn’t any intervention in the control group. We followed up the labor progression for 24 hours in both groups. To gather information we used forms based on interview, observation and physical examination and also we used a form to record the fetal movements. FINDINGS: There was a significant increase in labor initiation ratio in the castor oil group (54.2%) compare with the control group (4.3%) (p<0.001). Also the mean Bishop score in the castor oil group increased from 2.50±1.29 (at first) to 6.79±3.20 (at the end) (p< 0.001).CONCLUSION: The probability of labor initiation increases during the first 24 hours after using castor oil but more studies are recommended to improve its efficacy and safety.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In industries, construction phase is one of the high risk activities that involve with many problems. One of these problems is injuries wide spectrum as considerable portion of lost days allocate in this phase. According to the importance and expansion of petrochemical construction projects, in this study the comprehensive safety assessment has been conducted with the goal of determining the potential existing hazards and decreases the occupational accident level. METHODS: In this study, ET& BA method (to safety analysis) and qualitative risk assessment has been applied. For this purpose, the risk matrix presented in the MIL-STD-882E has been used. This matrix shows the qualitative classification of the intensity and possibility of occurrence of accidents.FINDINGS: According to the results of this study, a total of 144 hazardous zones were identified. Based on the MIL-STD-882E Standard, 68% of the cases were in the high-risk zone, 30% were in the important risk zone and 2% were in the average risk zone. Meanwhile, working on scaffoldings has had the most number of high risks (23 cases) and the other sections including excavation, working at height, electrical, welding and cutting operations are placed in the next level of importance with 21, 19, 13 and 11 high-risk cases, respectively. With due to the results, nearly the majority of identified points are in the high-risk zone and important zone (98%), which is unacceptable according to the MIL-STD-822E.CONCLUSION: Hence, the necessity of conducting appropriate controlling measures including the establishment of supervision and inspection systems, preventive repairing, and applying standard and safe techniques and methods are some of the proposals which leads to a drop in the possible risks.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a multisystemic disorder of pregnancy. Cause of this disorder is still unknown. Its Incidence is 5-7% of all pregnancies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of blood pressure and urine Ca/Cr ratio in second trimester for prediction of preeclampsia.METHODS: This cross sectional study was performed on 120 nullipara women referred to Shahid Sadoghi hospital during one year. Questionnaire was included risk factors such as blood pressure of second and third trimester, urine Ca/Cr ratio in second trimester and urine albumin in third trimester.FINDINGS: One hundred-twenty nullipara women with the mean age of 21±2.4 years were evaluated. From 84 women with normal blood pressure in the 2nd trimester, 82 (97.6%) had no preeclampsia and 2 (2.4%) of them showed preeclampsia. From 36 women with high blood pressure in the 2nd trimester, 30 (83.3%) had no preeclampsia and 6 (16.7%) of them showed preeclampsia. There was a significant difference between blood pressure of second trimester and preeclampsia (p=0.009), while there was not significant difference between urine Ca/Cr ratio in the second trimester and preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Blood pressure of the second trimester is a useful predictor for preeclampsia, while urinary Ca/Cr ratio can not predict preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sexual function has an important role in strengthening family structure. Sexual instinct which causes many changes in one's life could be influenced by numerous factors such as pregnancy, delivery and motherhood. The purpose of this study was to determine the sexual function during breastfeeding in primiparous women. METHODS: In this cross sectional study, sexual function in 203 breastfeeding women was assessed (3 to 6 months after delivery). Data were collected by FSFI questionnaire from November 2005 to October 2006 in Babol health centers. The variables included desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction and pain during vaginal penetration. Score for each item was 1 (never or very low) to 5 (always or very high) but for pain was 5 (never or very low) to 1 (always or very high). Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. FINDINGS: Two hundred and three breastfeeding women with the mean age of 24.91±4.86 years were assessed. Total score of sexual function in women during breastfeeding was 40.65±7.36 but during pre pregnancy was 43.29±6.9 (p<0.000). Average score of female sexual function in desire, arousal, orgasm and satisfaction during breastfeeding was significantly lower than pre pregnancy (p<0.004). Older maternal age was associated with orgasm changes (p<0.05). Mean coitus in breastfeeding women was 1.84±1.20 per week that there were significant differences with pre pregnancy (p<0.05). Mean time of resumed intercourse was 8.95±1.30 weeks. Mode of delivery and birth weight at birth and contraceptive method were not significantly associated with female sexual function. CONCLUSION: According to the results, many women experience problems in sexual function during breastfeeding, so it is necessary to provide instruction and consulting programs for breastfeeding women in order to solve this problem.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Sexual dysfunction in women is very common that can have major impact on quality of life, self-esteem, mood and relationship with partner. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in married women and its related factors in Babol.METHODS: This cross sectional study was performed on 318 married women referred to the selected therapeutic and health centers by questionnaire. Women were divided into three groups based on the total scores of FSI questionnaire. FINDINGS: In this study mean age of women was 28 years. From these women, 80.8% was in normal group, 13.2% was in mild FSD group and 6% was in severe FSD group. Actually, 19.2% of them had FSD. The prevalence was as follows: desire disorders (48.4%), arousal disorders (40.3%), pain disorders (19.8%), orgasm disorders (18.6%), lubrication problem (12%) and sexual satisfaction problem (11.3%). There were significant relationships between FSD with woman educational status, partner’s job, economic status, child number, contraception method, chronic disease and intercourse number.CONCLUSION: According to the prevalence of FSD and related factors, the consulting and educational centers should be considered for distinguishing the women with sexual dysfunction and their needs in order to improve their quality of life.

The experiments were carried out on the muscle spindle (MS) that located onto the soleus muscle (SM) in the anaesthetized rats. After applying a mechanical slow stretch (SS) on the SM, the MS wasn't influenced by this stimulant and it was in a slack status. On the other hand, the MS has showed a dysfunction. The slack status of MS, it means, without electro-mechanical activity for MS that was observed in isolating MS. And this slack status of MS also was occurred by insufficient of γ-motor stimulation. With using the passive stimulating vibration on the MS-SM, again, the slack status of MS was observed. Of course, in this experiment, before that the MS was made up with passive vibration, firstly, the activation of MS was clearly observed by gs-activity. On contrary of the positive effect of  gs into MS, there wasn't a positive effect with gd-activity into MS. But, it's stated that, there was the resting discharge (RD) in the MS during slack status and the RD scale has been significantly acceptable. The MS-RD was created with both of the SS and especially by γs stimulation, though not with gd stimulation.However, it was concluded that, the changing of MS-activity could be caused with the changing length of SK.M. In this process, the MS respond was pertinent to gs-activity. Meanwhile, the activation of γs was followed by activity of MS- chain- afferent. It's seemed that, in this loop of nervo-muscular wasn't any place for activating of MS-bag fiber.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary tuberculosis in children is potentially lethal infection and may induce several discomforts for children. The disorder presents with various clinical manifestations and occasionally with bacterial or viral pneumonia pictures. The goal of this study was to consider pulmonary tuberculosis in all patients with febrile pulmonary disease. CASE: A 2.5 year old girl with chief complaints of fever and cough 10 days prior to admission that was worsened since 3 days ago referred to Amirkola hospital. Also a piece of dried fruit shell has been extracted from her lung 8 months ago, but did not have complete improvement. Two days prior to admission over one thousand hens died due to bird flu in her house. Chest x-ray revealed presentations like pneumonia, but pneumonia did not response to antibacterial and antiviral drugs and blood and sputum cultures were negative, PPD skin test was done with 20 millimeter induration, and gastric juice staining for mycobacterial bacilli was done that was positive, thus she improved with anti-tuberculosis drugs.CONCLUSION: Pulmonary tuberculosis can present with several unusual pictures and if represent acutely must be differentiated from bacterial or viral pneumonia.