JOURNAL OF BABOL UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES (JBUMS)
Year:2003 | Volume:5 | Issue:3 (19)|Papers Count:14

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Type I diabetes is a chronic disorder of pancreas. This disorder occurs as a result of autoimmune destruction of insulin producing beta-cells. Long duration before the onset of clinical symptoms, the autoimmune reactions develop. Therefore, a molecular marker to indicate the initiation of immunological reaction is very critical to identify the people at risk and to take appropriate measures. Since Hsp60 is an antigen involved in the pathogenesis of type I diabetes, this investigation was conducted on detecting anti Hsp60 antibody in various immunoglobulin classes and sub-classes. METHODS: In this study 49 recently manifested type I diabetic patients (50 normal control subjects, 23 individuals with high and 22 with low risk for type I diabetes, as deduced from islet antibody status) were included. Seventeen recently manifested type I patients and 15 normal control subjects were analyzed twice with a three-month interval. The serum samples of patients and normal subjects were collected and stored at 20oc until measurement time. Total anti human Hsp60 antibody was determined in serum samples by ELISA, positive sera were analyzed for IgG or IgA antibody as well as for IgG1 and IgG4 sub-classes by ELISA.FINDINGS: The mean concentration of total anti Hsp60 antibody in recently manifested patients and normal subjects were 182.8±218.5 and 142.5±146.6 Au/ml, respectively (p>0.05). Anti Hsp60 antibody concentration means in type I diabetic relative at high risk and relatives at low risk were 83.6 and 133.4 Au/ml, respectively. There was a significant difference between these two mean values. However, the differences between these two values and mean concentration of total anti Hsp60 antibody in normal subjects were not significant. Moreover, the mean of antibody levels determined for IgG, IgA, IgG1 and IgG4 to be considered statistically significant.CONCLUSION: According to the results, there is significant spontaneous humoral immunity to autologous Hsp60 without detectable association to type I diabetes.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Capsanthin is a main carotenoid pigment of hot (red) pepper with some therapeutic effects similar to capsaicin. This study was done to determine its effect as an ointment contained capsanthin and comparison of its effects with such effects of diclofenac gel in treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS: This double- blind clinical trial was performed on 34 patients referred to rheumatology clinic. Patients were divided into three groups. Effective material of red pepper (capsanthin), diclofenac gel and ointment base (as placebo) were used in first (9 persons), second (15 persons) and third (10 persons) groups, respectively. Patients were evaluated regarding functional pain, resting pain and swelling of knee joint of baseline before and after two weeks of treatment. The severity of pain and swelling were assessed by Lickert scale from 0 (no pain or swelling) to 4 (severe pain and swelling). Data were provided by examination and filling in questionnaire. FINDINGS: Compared to baseline values, diclofenac gel and placebo were effective in reducing functional pain and resting pain (p<0.05). Whereas, only pepper ointment was effective on resting pain. No treated groups showed any significant difference in joint swelling. Comparison of each group in efficacy showed that the efficacy of diclofenac and pepper on joint swelling was not more significant than placebo, but diclofenac was significantly more effective than red pepper on functional pain (p<0.02). The efficacy of each treatment group and placebo on resting pain was not significant. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed no preference in efficacy of red pepper ointment (capsanthin) to diclofenac gel or placebo on functional pain and resting pain of knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: With raising knowledge about the spinal biomechanics, the importance and effectiveness of the condition of the sagittal alignment of the spine in its natural function and its disease is emphasized. This study was done to evaluate the total and segmental lumbar lordosis from radiographic film in 100 volunteers aged 20-70 without history of low back pain.METHODS: A standing lateral radiograph of the lumbar spine (L1-S) was taken of all subjects. Then, the total and segmental lumbar lordosis from radiographic film were measured by Cobb method. Data were statistically analyzed and p<0.05 was considered significant. FINDINGS: In this study, 54 subjects were male and 46 were female. The average of the total lumbar lordosis (L1-S1) was 54.5o and segmental lumbar lordosis were as follows: L1-L2: 4.5o, L2-L3: 8.5o, L3-L4: 10o, L4-L5: 14o, L5-S1: 21o. There was a significant relationship between age with total lumbar lordosis and segmental lordosis (l4-l5) and there was a statistically significant relationship between sex with total lumbar lordosis and segmental lordosis (L3-L4). CONCLUSION: According to the results, the mean of segmental lumbar lordosis gradually increases with distal progression through the lumbar spine. Approximately two- thirds of total lumbar lordosis are occurred at the bottom of two segments (L4-L5 and L5-S1). The total and segmental lumbar lordosis at L4-L5 significantly decreases with age.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vasectomy is a current method for birth control. In common technique that used in vasectomy, cutting ends of vas deferens is surgically obliterated. Percutaneous obliterating of vas that due to azoospermia without any surgical incision is much more comfortable and has less side effects. In this study, ethanol as a sclerosing substance was used to induce obliteration.METHODS: This study was performed on 36 rats aged 4-5 months. Before cutting of vas deferens at the left side, its proximal part was obliterated under general anesthesia. At the right side, vas was clamped at two points with 10 mm from each other and after injecting ethanol (20 units) and whitening of the location, clamps were removed. FINDINGS: Ethanol as a sclerosing substance fixed the area and due to any sperm wasn't found at the distal part of vas in days of 2, 6 and 9. But, after 15th day some sperm were seen at the distal part of vas and at 30th day, the amount of sperm in distal vas was almost half of the epididium. CONCLUSION: Although, ethanol as a sclerosing substance firstly prevented moving of sperm to the distal part by fixing and obstruction of vas but moving of sperm returned to first condition because of repairing and recanalizing of vas. So, using of ethanol cant induce permanent vas obliteration and azoospermia.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Fetal growth is a process that influenced by maternal risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of some factors such as age, occupation and education to health of infant at birth.METHODS: This study was performed on 161 infants in Ramsar health center. Data was gathered by check list and analyzed by statistical methods. FINDINGS: According to the results, the mean of infants weight, height and head circumference were 3.28±0.44 kg, 49.3±2.17 cm and 35.2±1.74 cm, respectively. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between parity, pregnancy duration, birth problems, mothers weight gain and birth weight of infant and also between these factors and mothers age and infants height at birth time. Also, there was a significant relationship between data of infants weight, height and head circumference at birth (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that the role of maternal risk factors should be considered in weight and height of infant at birth.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy at age 35 or older has increased in recent decades. Women over 35 years who postpone childbearing be faced with more special risks. This study was done to compare the pregnancy complications before and after the age of 35 years old. METHODS: This study was randomly performed on 200 cases of 20-34 years and 200 cases of 35 years and older in Babol Shahid Yahyanejad hospital during 2000. Frequency of hypertension, diabetes, cesarean section, hospital admission during pregnancy, placenta abruption and previa, congenital malformation and fetal death were compared in both groups. The data were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test. FINDINGS: At the 20-34 age group, hypertension was (4%), low birth weight (10%), macrosomia (4.5%), preterm delivery (4.5%), post term pregnancy (4%), cesarean section (44%), placenta abruption (1.5%), intra uterine fetal death (1%), hospital admission (1%) and diabetes was not seen in this group. At age over 35, hypertention was (7.5%), diabetes (2.5%), low birth weigth (10%), macrosomia (11.5%), preterm delivery (12%), post term pregnancy (1.5%), cesarean section (60%), placenta abruption (1%), intra uterine fetal death (2%), hospital admission (2.5%), placenta previa and congenital malformation were not seen in both groups.CONCLUSION: According to the findings, hypertention, diabetes, cesarean section, macrosomia, preterm delivery in pregnancies at age over 35 years in comparison with those under 35 years was more. There was not a statistically significant difference between two groups in hospital admission, placenta abruption, still birth, post term pregnancy and low birth weight.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In this study, laparoscopy was evaluated to diagnose infertility. METHODS: This study was done on the files of 221 infertile patients who referred to Fateme Zahra infertility center in Babol during 1997-2000. Data was gathered from the files of patients and then analyzed. FINDINGS: Seventy seven percent of the women had primary infertility and 23% secondary. The commonest risk factor was abnormal HSG (hysterosalpingography) that in primary infertility was 44% that was more than secondary infertility (33%). The most abundant abnormal laparoscopic findings, in primary and secondary of infertility were pelvic adhesion 24% and 27% and also unilateral tubal obstruction 17% and 25%, respectively. Also, the report of laparoscopy following the abnormal HSG 27% normal and 73% abnormal (p<0.001). The amount of diagnostic accuracy of HSG as compared with laparoscopy was obtained 67%. CONCLUSION: According to this study, the commonest agents were pelvic adhesion and tubal obstruction and the commonest risk factor in infertility was the abnormal HSG. Based on the findings, it is suggested that laparoscopy in females who have had primary infertility and normal HSG and who have not any risk factors can be performed later.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In the late half of past century, ethics were considered in clinical trials. The researchers are responsible for health and life of participants in all process of research. The aim of this study was to determine the obligation of medical ethics in theses and clinical trials in Babol University of medical sciences. METHODS: This study was conducted on 25 theses and clinical trials in Babol University of medical sciences in 2001. Data were gathered by questionnaires and then surveyed.FINDINGS: From total cases only in 16%, ethics were considered. Thirty four percent of participants were informed about research and only 16% had written consent. In 28%, there was a probability of incidence of serious complication for participants. In 61%, expenditure was paid by participants.CONCLUSION: Medical ethics were not seriously considered by researchers. Ministry of Health and Medical Education necessitated participation of all researchers in research ethics workshop for promotion of the quality of research ethics.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The variation of SPO2 and HR is a complication that threatens patients under operation and general anesthesia. Continuous monitoring of SPO2 and HR in all stages of anesthesia, especially induction and recovery stages due to early diagnosis of hypoxia. Fasciculation and shivering are also two common complications of general anesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine SPO2 and HR variations during fasciculation and shivering in general anesthesia.METHODS: In this study, 100 patients in ASA class I and II aged between 15 to 60 were selected for rapid induction of general anesthesia by using succinycholine as a muscle relaxant. Premedication and induction of anesthesia were the same according to their weight. In the maintenance of anesthesia, halothan (0.5-1%), O2 (50%) and N2O (50%) were used. SPO2 and HR of patients were measured and recorded at 1st and 3rd minutes after fasciculation and at 1st, 5th and 10th minutes after shivering and then data were compared. FINDINGS: There were some changes in SPO2 and HR in both process that the most changes related to 1st and 3rd minutes after fasciculation and 1st and 5th minutes after shivering. Also, these changes during shivering were more severe that was statistically significant (p=0.000).CONCLUSION: Results showed that the most decrease in SPO2 and increase in HR were related to the first stage after fasciculation and shivering that these changes can make some problems for patients with heart or pulmonary diseases. So, it is recommended that anesthesiologists should decrease the probable complications in patients under general anesthesia by continuous monitoring of SPO2, HR and necessary treatment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Garlic is one of the oldest plants that has been used for prevention and treatment of different diseases. Also, pseudomonas aeroginosa is the most important form of human pathogens that is resistant to many different antibiotics and makes some problems in treatment. This study was done to evaluate the effect of garlic and its extract on pseudomonas aeroginosa.METHODS: The standard strain of pseudomonas aeroginosa was prepared and after providing cloves of garlic with different weights (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 gr) as raw, frozen and cooked and also preparing microbial suspension from samples equal with macfarland solution (0.5), bacteria was cultured on MH agar and cloves of garlic was put on that and then incubated. Garlic extract with different concentrations (30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mg/ml) were affected by Nathan agar well diffusion method. Disk-diffusion method was done for determining the sensitivity and resistance of bacteria. FINDINGS: Garlic extract with 40 and 35 mg/ml concentrations had bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on the standard strain of pseudomonas aeroginosa. Also, cloves of garlic with different weight cause the growth inhibition of bacteria but cooked cloves had the least effect on bacteria.CONCLUSION: Garlic extract with 50 mg/ml concentration cause zone of growth inhibition that is equivalent to the disk of gentamicin (10 microgram). Since, cloves of garlic especially frozen one cause to growth inhibition of bacteria, it is recommended to do more researches about the effective concentration of allicin on pathogens and use of soap, cream and ointment for disinfection of wounds.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disease that caused by mutation of the APC gene and in addition to colon, it can involve stomach and duodenum. Since, the risk of malignancy in FAP is high, early diagnosis and treatment can prevent colorectal cancer. CASE: The patient was a 55 year old man who referred for rectal bleeding and proctalgia from 6 weeks ago. He was examined with anoscope, and rectal mass was observed. In pathological study, rectal adenocarcinoma was reported. B. Enema and total coloscopy were performed for patient and multiple polyps in colorectal were seen. For patient with FAP, total procto colectomy and permanent ileostomy were performed. There were malignant changes in one sessile polyps with >2.5 cm diameter. In colonoscopic examination of patients family, 4 of 6 children were with FAP. CONCLUSION: Although, only 0.5% of all colorectal cancers caused by FAP but early diagnosis and screening in patients family can prevent the progress of disease and malignancy