Journal of Mashhad Dental School
Year:2014 | Volume:37 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Asthma is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases that are discussed as a risk factor for tooth caries. There are only limited number of studies about effects of asthma on dental caries especially early childhood caries (ECC) and the results are controversial. The purpose of this was comparison between asthmatic and healthy children in ECC frequency.Materials & Methods: In this case control study, 100 asthmatic children aged 2-6 years old reffered to a pedodontist‘s office with one year moderate asthma, and 100 non asthmatic children who were matched according to their age and sex and socioecconemic levels were examined for ECC frequency and dmft. The data were analysed with Mann-Whitney, Chi_Square and t-tests. The level of significance was set at 95% (P ˂0.05).Results: A significant difference was found in ECC frequency between asthmatic (59%) and control (41%) groups and as well, a significant difference was found in mean dmft between asthmatic group (3.1±2.1) and control group (1.14±1.2, P ˂0.05).Conclusion: It is concluded that asthmatic increases the likelihood of ECC frequency and dmft level in 2-6 year old children.

Introduction: Continuous contact of oral mucosa with cigarette smokes caused disorders in natural function of saliva, which can motivate oral candidiasis. The aim of the current study was to compare the Candida colonization in saliva of smoker and non-smokers with complete Denture.Materials & Methods: In this study, saliva from 42 smokers and 42 non-smokers having complete denture, were collected and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. Isolated Candida colonies were enumerated and identified using Germ tube test and culture on Corn Meal Agar plates. Frequency and type of isolated Candida colonies were analyzed using Chi-square and regression statistical tests.Results: Although no statistical differences was observed between the mean of isolated Candida colonies from saliva of both studied groups, Candida albicans were more isolated from non-smoker saliva, while non-albicans Candida species were commonly isolated from smokers’ saliva with denture (P=0.037). A higher colonization of non-albicans species in saliva of more than 60 years old smokers was seen (P=0.037) compared with non-smokers.Conclusion: Considering the greater isolation of non-albicans Candida species from oral cavity of smoker denture users in comparison with non-smokers and their resistance to common anti-fungal drugs, there is a need for closer control and inspection of oral cavity in smokers.

Introduction: The accuracy of Willems and Demirjian’s methods can be affected by different patterns of calcifications of molars and premolars.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-cross sectional study, 152 panoramic radiographs of 47 boys and 105 girls aged 3 to 18 were used. The dental age of samples was determined by Willems and Demirjian’s methods. Based on the developmental of first and second premolars and second molar the following ranking was made: 1. The development stage of the first premolar and the second premolar is the same.2. The development stage of the first premolar is earlier than the second premolar.3. The development stage of the second premolar and the second molar is the same.4. The development stage of the second premolar is earlier than the second molar. Data were entered into SPSS 17 software and analysed by paired t -test.Results: Demirjianʼs method overestimated the age of the teeth (0.5 years) and Willmsʼ method under estimated the age of the teeth (0.2 years) that shows the higher accuracy of the Wilelmsʼ method. The Willems method in the first group of the whole population, in the girls of the first group and in the boys of the second group showed the highest accuracy. Demirjian’s method in the whole population and in the girls of the second group and in the boys of the third group showed the highest accuracy.Discussion: This research showed that the accuracy of Willemʼs method is higher than Demirjianʼs, and different patterns of tooth development affect the accuracy of these methods and will help the forensic dentist to be more ensured.

Introduction: One of the weakest areas of two-phase restorations is core and veneering porcelain interface. Regarding the necessity of performing multiple firing procedures to achieve improved color and contour, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of multiple firing on core-veneer bond strength in all ceramic restorations.Materials and methods: Three types of all-ceramic systems, Zirconia, IPS emax CAD and IPS emax Press were used to prepare 54 ceramic core, in diameter of 8mm. Zirconia and IPS emax CAD were fabricated by CAD/CAM technology and IPS emax press cores, by using pressing technique. Compatible porcelain was applied on the cores, with diameter of 5mm. The specimens were devided into three groups (N=18 in each group) according to the number of firing cycles: 3, 5 and 7 times. Core-veneer shear bond strength was measured by Universal testing machine. Two way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were selected to analyze the datas.Results: shear bond stregth mean values in zirconia, IPS emax CAD and IPS emax press cores were 30.7, 29.7 and 29.9 MPa respectively. Shear bond strength mean values in firing cycles of 3, 5 and 7 were 33.2, 29.2 and 27.8 MPa respectively. These results revealed significant differences.Conclusion: shear bond strength of zirconia and IPS emax press were not significantly different. Increasing the number of firing cycles from 3 up to 7, results in decreasing core-veneer shear bond strength.

Introduction: lichen planus and lichenoid reactions are cutaneous-mocusal lesions that their prevalence is higher among adult and women. The mentioned diseases are not distinguishable from their clinical and histological features. Although, the etiology for lichen planus lesions is not determined, there are many different etiological reasons for lichenoid lesions. Both mentioned lesions are in immunological group. The main goal of this research was to determine the amount of Complement components such as (C3, C4) as a criterion for distinguishing these two lesions.Materials & Methods: The method of this research was descriptive and analytic. The research population were included the patients who referred to one of the expertise clinic of oral, facial and Jaw in Isfahan city. The statistical samples were included 2 groups of 25 patients who had lichen planus or lichenoid reactions lesions.10cc of serum was taken from two groups of patients and measured their C3 and C4.Results: The results of this study indicated that the mean of C3 in the lichen planus group was 1.270 while in the oral lichenoid reactions was 1.332. Examining differences between means of two groups, t-test indicated that the mean of C3 between two groups did not have significant differences (P=0.31). The mean of C4 in the lichen planus group was 0.285 and in the lichenoid reactions group was 0.328. t -test indicated that the mean of C4 two groups did not have any significant differences (P=0.31). In other words, there was not any relation between C3, C4 and the kind of diseases (lichen planus and lichenoid reactions).Conclusion: results indicated, there were not differences among two groups of patients in terms of their rate of C3 and C4. Therefore, measuring C3 and C4 could not be used as a precise criterion for distinguishing these mentioned diseases. For this reason, we should use other immunologic criteria for distinguishing between these two groups of lesions. For determining the diagnosis and distinguishing criteria, more research should be done with different groups and in different phases of disease such as exacerbation and remission phases.

Introduction: Diagnosis of diabetes is based on clinical sign & symptom and laboratory findings. Fasting plasma glucose analysis is the most important method for determination of diabetic patients. Due to invasiveness and stress of doing this method for evaluation of glycemia in diabetic patients, recently, the use of salivary glucose as a simple and non-invasive method came into significant consideration for specialists. The aim of this research is to evaluate FPG amount by salivary glucose in diabetic patients.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was done on 150 diabetic patients. After collection of saliva and blood samples in a fasting state, the FPG level was measured by GOD-PAP method and FSG level was measured by Glucose oxidase/peroxidase method. The statistical analysis was done by Pearson correlation and regression test.Results: The average of FSG and FPG were 6.10 and 158.61 respectively. The correlation coefficients between FPG and FSG was 0.593 (P<0.001).Conclusion: This study showed that there is a significant linear relationship between FPG and FSG. Therefore, FSG amounts can be used as a non- invasive method to detect FPG.

Introduction: Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) is the most common complication following permanent tooth extraction. The cause of alveolar osteitis has not yet to be firmly defined. However, clot fibrinolysis as a result of bacterial invasion is likely a major etiologic factor. Considering the effect of oral irrigation on reducing bacterial contamination and the impact of antiseptics on the count of bacteria, therefore; we intended to assess the effect of chlorhexidine mouth rinse and normal saline separately on the incidence of alveolar osteitis following tooth extraction.Materials & Methods: This randomized single-blind clinical trial was conducted among 300 patients who referred to oral and maxillofacial surgery department of Babol school of Dentistry for their permanent tooth extraction. Patients' ages ranged from 15 to 45 years with the average age 34.7±8.4 years. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups. Patients in the first group were given 15ml of chlorhexidine mouth rinse to rinse their mouth for 30 seconds, 15 minutes prior to extraction. They were instructed to rinse twice daily from the following day with 15 ml of chlorhexidine mouth rinse for 30 seconds for one week after extraction. In the second group the whole procedure was done with normal saline. After extraction, patients were instructed to return to oral and maxillofacial surgery department in one week or sooner, if bothersome pain was present and increased. At this time the extraction sites were evaluated for abnormal healing, presence of necrotic tissue, exposed bone, and absence of clot.Results: The results of this survey indicated that normal saline group and chlorhexidine group were not statistically different in the incidence of alveolar osteitis.Conclusions: It seems that the use of chlorhexidine mouth rinse has no significant effect on the reduction of alveolar osteitis and the use of normal saline mouth rinse is adequate.

Introduction: Smokeless tobacco is a cause+of oral cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among male students in Zahedan Universities and knowledge of its side effects in 2012.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 431 male students of Zahedan universities were selected by multi stage random cluster sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic information, consumption history of smokeless tobacco and knowledge toward smokeless tobacco. Data were analyzed using SPSS 19 and chi- square tests. The P -value less than 0.05 were considered as significant.Results: 102 male students (23.7%) had used smokeless tobacco during their life time and 11.4% were current users. Smokeless tobacco consumption showed significant relationship with university type, living place, yearly average grade and education level of mother (P<0.05). There was a significant relationship between knowledge toward smokeless tobacco, university type and yearly average grade (P<0.05).Conclusion: Prevalence of smokeless tobacco use among male students in Zahedan universities is high and the unawareness of many students about the nature and complications of these materials could lead to the increase in the consumption of these materials which indicates the necessity of preventive programs in universities.

Introduction: Surface bacterial contamination has been shown to be a potential source of cross infection. Our objective therefore was to determine the level and type of bacterial contamination present on dental units in two departments of dental school before and after treatment in 2011 and 2012.Materials & Methods: The study was carried out at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (dental school). A random survey of 30 dental units from restorative and periodontics departments were included in this study. The surface of three sites of the units (seat, light on/off switch and tray handle) was sampled using moist sterile swabs. The colony forming units were counted and isolated bacteria were characterized by morphological and biochemical analyses. Comparisons of data sets were performed using the Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney test and the Chi-square tests; P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: After finishing the treatment, samling results showed that 57 from 90 were positive for bacterial isolates. Staphylococcus areus was more prevalent on the surfaces. Also, bacterial contamination of the seat was greater than the other parts (P=0.025). The isolates were significantly (P=0.036) more prevalent on units from restorative department than on those from periodontics department.Conclusion: Microbial contamination of dental units is considerably increased after treatment of each patient. So, surfaces disinfection is essential between patients treatment.

Introduction: Pierre Robin sequence (PRS), previously termed Pierre Robin syndrome, consists of three congenital abnormalities: micrognathia (small mandible), glossoptosis, and cleft palate. In Pierre Robin sequence, the events occur in sequence, with one defect leading to the next. PRS occurs with an incidence of 1 in 8500 to 25000. Affected newborns have varying degrees of airway obstruction, often in association with gastroesophageal reflux and feeding difficulties. Intervention is mostly aimed at restoring a patent airway.Case Reports: Airway management in the infant with Pierre Robin sequence can be very challenging because of difficulty with mask ventilation and intubation. Our patient was a 4-year old boy with Robin sequence scheduled for dental repair under general anesthesia. He had a history of palate repair 3 years ago. After inhalation induction with sevofluran, nitrous-oxide in oxygen‚ under spontaneous ventilation, initial laryngeal view with the conventional Macintosh laryngoscope revealed Cormack-Lehane grade IIӀ due to restricted mouth opening and micrognathia. Nasal intubation for two times under the spontaneous respiration were unsuccessful. We fiberoptically intubated the patient with uncuffed tracheal tube (ID 5 mm) while allowing him to breathe spontaneously. Extubation was done with the patient fully awake and with emergency airway equipment immediately available. Postoperatively, he was transferred to intensive care unit where he could be observed closely for delayed complications of airway obstruction.Conclusion: Managing the airway of patients with craniofacial abnormalities can potentially be difficult. Therefore we recommend even simple treatment procedures to be carried out by experienced anesthesiologists, with a variety of different airway devices available such as flexible fiberoptic‚ Storz video laryngoscope and Airtraq optical laryngoscope.