JOURNAL OF MOVEMENT SCIENCE & SPORTS
Year:2008 | Volume:5 | Issue:10|Papers Count:13

The purpose of this study was to describe of performance of Iranian junior elite swimmers with using fast-skin. For this purpose, 6 elite swimmers were selected voluntarily. In each four basic swimming for 50 and 200 meters distances taken record from swimmers in two situations (with Speedo fast-skin and without that). The records were taken three times in each situation. Also another part of this study was the comparison between two kinds of these fast-skins.The effects of full-body and jammer fast-skins were compared in 400 meters freestyle swimming. The swimmer's heart rate was controlled immediately after taking record. The heart rate must been between 33 to 35 in 10 seconds. The results showed that, when the participants used from fast-skin, their records in all distances and swimming were better than when they have been worn usual swim-wear. The amount of advantages with using fast-skin was not same and it was depended to kind of swimming and distances, but overall the effects of using fast-skin was more significant in endurance swimming than fast swimming. In 400 meters freestyle swimming, the results showed that the full-body fast-skin were more beneficial than the jammers fast-skin.Also for qualitative analysis of topic, a questionnaire consist of 10 questions about fast-skins was used and 20 elite swimmers that have used to wear these fast-skin, answered that. The results of questionnaire admitted beneficial using fast-skin too and some ambiguities about fast-skins such as restriction of motor amplitude, feeling heavily with fast-skin, increasing body temperature and... got clear.

Identifying effective factors in successful jump shot, as most scoring and frequently used shot in basketball would play important role in increasing the quantitative and qualitative level of the athlete's performances. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between a few kinetic parameters at four positions of preparation, take off, release and landing with the result of jump shot in 4.25 and 6.25 meter distances among the male elite basketball players. Six best right-hand shooters from Iranian national team, with average age of (23.3±3.04 years), height of (189.67±2.2cm) and weight of (84±5.58kg), having playing history (10±2.5 years) participated in this study.The data gathered while the players shoot the ball from stationary position in perpendicular to the board from 4.25 and 6.25 meters distances. Without dribbling, while the subjects' performance was done on force plate. Win software used to analysis one success and one unsuccessful shoot. The comparison done between the mean and standard deviation of the center of pressure locations at four situations named readiness (T1), crookedness (T2), peak jump (T3) and falling (T4) in x and y axes during two successful and unsuccessful jump shoots. Vilcocson's statistical model (p<0.05) used for statistical analysis using Spss-13 software. In y axis (front and hint components) at 4.25 distance center of pressure in successful shot was far from origin (in average of 13 millimeters). In all different situations, except in T1 (preparation). In three concessive jump shot, at T3 (jump) and T4 (down), the position of center of pressure has been located in farther distance from origin in comparison with unsuccessful jump shot (in average of 27.5 millimeters), in three concessive unsuccessful jump shot, center of pressure in T1 (fitness), T2 (crookedness) has been positioned far from the origin in comparison with successful shot (average of 23 millimeters). The results indicated that the positions of center of pressure at crookedness situation (especially in three concessive jump shot) play an important and effective role in successful jump shot execution.

Up until now it was considered that the abdominal and hip extensor muscles weakness is the cause of pelvic anterior tilt and lumbar spine curvature rate (LSCR) increase. But it became dubiousness by some of recent research. The aim of the current study was determine the relationship between abdominal and hip extensor muscles strength with LSCR. This research accomplished on 90 healthy and un-athlete men. The average age, weight and stature of the men were 21.9±1.79 year, 70.44±10.54kg, and 176.86±6.07cm. LSCR, abdominal, and hip extensor muscles strength was measured by flexible ruler, double leg lowering test (DLLT) and digital dynamometer respectively.Collective data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and correlation between parameters. The outcome did not indicate a significant relationship between the muscles strength and LSCR (0.11). Also coefficient of correlation between right foot extensor muscles strength with LSCR and left foot extensor muscles strength with LSCR was 0.07,0.00 respectively. On the base of collected data, it seems that the muscle strength and weakness (abdominal and hip extensors) cannot be considered as only factor of lumbar curvature variation.

Ankle sprain is considered as common athletic injuries and long-time disabilities after initial injury cause athletes loose more time and function deficit .The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ankle strength training on eccentric eversion/concentric inversion peak torque ratios in soccer players with chronic ankle instability. Twenty four soccer players participate in this study that separated in to a unstable or healthy group. After clinical evaluations, isokinetic tests were performed in concentric and eccentric mode on ankle. Post tests were performed in unstable ankle group after six weeks strength training three times a week. Speeds on isokinetic test were selected 60 and 120 degree per second. We used t-student for Statistical analysis. Statistical analysis for evertor peak torque/body weight in both speeds was significantly less in unstable group. No significant differences were observed in evertor, invertor and invertor/body weight ratios between control and unstable group. This study specified that weakness of evertor muscle maybe one of factors contribute in chronic ankle instability and strength training can improve muscle strength ratios in these subjects.

Arousal at a particular time has been defined as the energetic state at that time, reflected in electrodermal activity and measured by skin conductance level; and "task related activation" as the change in arousal from a resting baseline to the task situation. The present study, replicating some aspects of a previous investigation of these ideas in children and adults, aimed to investigate whether this terminology was applicable in terms of behavioral performance in a sport task. A standard air shooting task was used with elite shooters. Twenty three national and county champions (mean age=29.9 years) voluntarily took part in the study. Skin Conductance Level (SCL) was recorded as an index of arousal. Several performance measures, as dependent variables were also electronically recorded. It was found that most performance measures decreased with increasing activation, but not with arousal. These findings support our previous suggestions concerning the value of conceptualizing arousal and activation as separable aspects of the energetic of physiological and behavioral function. The results are discussed in relation to the significance of current hypotheses explaining arousal-performance relationship.

Motor programming process (definition and preparation of motor program parameters) is an unresolved issue in motor control. Thus, for more understanding of the process; this study was performed to investigate the effect of degree of cortical cell assemblies overlap, independent of precue type on reaction time (RT) by parameter prescuing technique. Therefore, 18 volunteer students (age range=20-25 years) were settled under 6 precue conditions (2 arm precue conditions with low and high overlap, 2 force precue conditions with low and intermediate overlap, 2 direction precue conditions with intermediate and high overlap) by parameter precuing apparatus. The task was isometric Torce production immediately after appearing target. RT of different conditions was measured and analyzed by three repeated-measures 2 (overlap) by 4 (session) ANOVAs. According to results, only the main effects of overlap and session were significant (p<0.05). RT decreased while overlap increased in the conditions with the same precue. Consistent with cortical cell assembly theory, these findings indicated that RT is a function of degree of overlap of cell assemblies.

The use of whole body vibration training (WBVT) as a new method of neuromuscular training has been considered and it has been vastly studied as a factor for strong mechanical stimulation in neural system, bone tissue and muscles in medical practice, ergonomic and animal experiences. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) training on the anaerobic power and Strength of male athlete students. For this purpose twenty physical education students (Mean; age: 21.5±1.4yr, Weight: 71.5±5.5kg, Height: 174±5.5cm, BMI: 23.67±1.30) were recruited and randomly divided to an experimental (EG) (n=10) and a control group (CG) (n=10). The CG were treated for four weeks, three session in week with 5 sets of 1 minute in squat of 110o body position, for a total volume of five minutes per day. The subjects of CG were asked to maintain their normal activity and avoid strength training. Subjects were tested at the beginning and the end of treatment with specific tests. To determine the equality of groups regarding performance variables, the Independent T test was used in the pre-test. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Paired-T test statistical method. The results showed remarkable and statistically significant enhancement in the EG of power and strength performance (P=0.002, P=0.001) and there was no significant difference in CG for these performance (P=0.172, P=0.504).

The objective of the research is to validate the AOT for estimation of VO2max in healthy males and females. Subjects included 55 males and 50 females selected by purposeful stratified sampling based on health and age criteria.Subjects participated in both field and treadmill tests during a one week period.Age subgroups were 17-20, 21-25, 26-30, 31-40 and +41 consisting of at least 10 volunteers. The criterion measures were directly obtained from gas-analyzer outputs during a treadmill workout using AOT protocol. For men mean (±SD) of age, weight, height, maximal heart rate, BMI and VO2max were 31 (±11yrs), 74 (±12kg), 175 (±6cm), 191 (±11beat), 4.06 (±3.9kg/m2), 38 (±6ml/kg/min), respectively. The same measures for women were 9 (±10yrs), 62 (±11kg), 161 (±5cm), 191 (±12beat), 23.90 (±4.0kg/m2), 33 (±8ml/kg/min), respectively.The study showed that increase in BMI and aging results in decrease in maximal heart rate and VO2max. Compared to similar studies, produced formulas are scientifically acceptable, and the estimations are sufficiently accurate. High determination coefficients and low standard errors of estimate indicate that VO2max estimation by AOT protocols is considerably trustworthy.

The main object of this study was to describe the condition of Product element among Marketing Mix elements (4P'S) in the Pro-League of Iran's football. To achieve to developed countries in sport marketing and filling this gap between our country and the world is through increasing sport products to sending to external and internal markets. One of questions that all clubs managers are going to ask themselves is how they can develop football marketing? And what factors can help them? For this reason, this research is done by using marketing Mix elements which in necessary for researching in marketing in any fields (these factors are: Product-Place- Promotion and Price). But in this research we only consider Product factor in Pro-League of Iran and comparing in which South Korea & Japan. The sample was all of the Iranian, Korean & Japanese Directing managers in football Pro-League clubs who were 48 persons and all fill the related questionnaires. The result of this study shows that the most items are not in optimal situation by the club's football manager's point of view. And Japan has a better situation rather than Iran and South Korea.

The present study was designed and performed with the purpose of determining the relationship between the personality characteristics (Big Five Factor), and absenteeism in super league basketball players of Iran. The method used in this study was correlation. Statistical populations in this research were the elite male basketball players and samples were all of the super league basketball player in 1383-1384 (195 persons). Absenteeism and previous absence were collected from club records. Also, athletes personality characters determined by personality inventory (McRae & Costa) and individual characters and demographic variables by using checklist. The Chi-square person correlation coefficient was used for examining hypothesis.The results showed that there were average Neuroticism score, high Extraversion score, average Openness to Experience score, low Agreeableness score, average Conscientiousness score of elite basketball players in comparison with normal males. Also, the result of present study showed that there were no significant relationships between Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and absence (P<0.05). There were not any significant relationships between (age, education, marital status, number of under supporting individuals, membership in national team, league and participation in basketball, and absence during 1383) and present absence (P<0.05).Based on the finding of this research it seems that: The Big Five factor of personality in basketball context isn't a useful instrument for absence counterproductive behavior test and organizations can control absence by changing environment or giving disciplinary instructions to athletes.