KNOWLEDGE AND DEVELOPMENT
Year:2005 | Volume:- | Issue:16|Papers Count:8

In this study the relationship between Institutional variables and long run economic growth rates across 80 countries between the years 1980-2001is examined. The economic, political and legal Institutions determine the incentives and the constraints economic factors, and shape economic outcomes. These Institutions are the most important determinant of differences in rates of investment and economic growth.Within the framework of the current growth literature, this study selects a set of Institutional Indices which together proxy for the Institutional performance of an economy. Economic freedom, Political stability and Rule of law are the indicators used in the study. Results show that economic, political and legal institutions are the most significant factors that explain the variants in economic growth. Finally the trend of economic growth and it's determinants especially Institutional variables in Iran are investigated.

Technology and technical knowledge play a major role in the production of industrial goods, and a labour force which enjoys more training and technical knowledge would be capable of creating technological improvement and dynamism of the production cycle, hence, increasing capabilities in regional and the world markets. This research has benefited the time- series data approach during the years 1966-2001 for the study of the impact of education which leads to economic growth. The results show that one percent increase in physical capital, human capital, skilled and unskilled labour would increase the value added of the industrial sector by 0.34, 0.29, and 0.11 percent respectively. Hence, education has positive effects on value- added of industry sector, and GDP shows more reflection in proportion to skilled labour in comparison with the production factors. In this manner the training of labour force increases the production of industrial sector, and by increasing human capital, domestic production will increase. This research indicates that investment in man power of the industrial sector would increase the growth of industrial production hence creates more economic growth.

In economics literature and the present conditions' of economics, determining the position of Pass - Through Exchange Rate is of vital importance .Generally Pass - Through Exchange Rate could well explain the dynamics of the short run trade balance following an increase in the exchange rate .Imperfect Pass - Through Exchange Rate could avail a possibility for trade proceeding to remain relatively inelastic with respect to changes in the exchange rate, regardless of high elasticity of demand. This paper, after analyzing the theoretical bases with the help of a VAR model, will present an answer to the question of the position of Pass - Through Exchange Rate in Iran in the short and the long run. On this basis, with specifying a VECM model, the interaction of the pattern variables for Iran's economy will be estimated, so that the effects of economic motions would be seen through response functions. In general, the results show that basically Pass - Through Exchange Rate in Iran is imperfect in the short run and gradually, with prolonging the period, it intensifies. Never The less in the long run Pass - Through Exchange Rate remains imperfect.

The German Statistician Ernest Engel, analyzing the budget structure has found that increasing income is associated with describing food share. In other words, income elasticity of food demand is relatively low. In this research, different expenditure elasticities in Khorasan province and Iran as a whole in respect with urban and rural areas for the period 1971-2002 are estimated and compared. The results from logarithmic regression equations indicate that the expenditure elasticities of food in urban and rural areas of Khorasan, and the country as a whole has been less than one, regarded as necessities. The expenditure elasticity of "clothing and shoes" has been more than one in urban Khorasan, about one in rural and less than one in urban Iran. Elasticity of "housing" in urban, rural and Khorasan Province have been equal to one, but in urban, rural and in Iran as a whole have been more than one. Elasticity of "the rest of Expenditure" has been more than one in urban Khorasan, Khorasan and the country as a whole, while equal to unity in other cases. Proportional reduction of food in total expenditures within urban and rural areas (regardless of the distribution and relative price changes) show increase in mean households welfare.

By using different resources in similar decision making sectors, different output is produced. Assessing the efficiency in such sectors needs an appropriate relationship between all effective inputs and outputs, and the products of these sectors. One of the appropriate methods in determining the efficiency is the production function method. To estimate the production function two parametric and non-parametric tests were used. In this article, after reviewing the related literature on the efficiency of electricity distribution companies in the world and looking at their input and output factors, a model for determining this effective relationship for Iran is suggested, and the important factors are determined.

Considering the importance of industrial sector in economical development programmes, it is essential to pay attention to the capacities of the different country regions. Also the necessity of specializing in the process of industrial regions concentrate on the most specialized parts. This approach while working on regional planning and reducing the lack of existing balances, causes the division of national works according to abilities, and encourages the regions to specialize instead of being involved in a variety of economical activities. In this article, we have made an analysis of industrial structure in kerman province in the framework of regional economical technique and concepts. After identifying the preferent industries, we verify the industrial development priorities to install the most perferent industries in kerman. The method of data collection was documentary, and the statistical community were those factories with ten or more workers based on the codes of ISIC four numerical. The tools for analysing was a combination of numerical taxonomy and factor analysis. Studying the priority changes in three periods, it has been verified that the industrial structure of kerman present a constant procedure for preferent industries in spite of a variety of activities. So the transmitting industries of agricultural products and industrial activities related to mining sector and mining products are prior to other industries.

In this research, the environmental conditions of the potential private investors are investigated. The purpose of this study is to find out how much of the government's efforts have been in the domain of productive investments. Environmental considerations entail the interactions between public and private institutions. The main objective of the present research is exploring conditions under which the private investors accept to complement public endeavors. LR. Iran's constitution will provide the required base for pro-development cooperation. This model has used environmental characteristics of the market for theorizing social and private convergence& divergence.