Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Year:2007 | Volume:11 | Issue:4 (SERIAL NUMBER 42)|Papers Count:11

Background and Aim: This study was designed to determine the presence of any correlation between 4-hour and 24-hour urine protein values in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders in Besat Hospital, in Sanandaj in 1383. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and included 58 inpatient pregnant women who had been initially diagnosed as having hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Urine samples were collected in 2 successive periods. The first 4 hour and the next 20-hour urine samples were collected in separate containers. The urine volume, urine protein and creatinine concentration of the 4-hour and 24-hour samples were separately measured and the correlation between both urine samples was determined by Pearson's Correlation Method. Results: A total of 58 patients were entered into this study, 42 of them with no proteinuria and .16 with mild proteinuria. The value for the 4-hour urine protein was found to correlate with those of the 24-hour samples (R=0.821) in patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Also sensitivity and specify of 4-hour urine test were 70.6% and 90.2% respectively.Conclusion: Total protein values of 4-hour urine samples correlated well with those of 24-hour urine samples (p<0.001) of the patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Background and Aim: Statins have been used in neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. However, their mechanisms of action remain unknown. We have previously shown the protective effect of statins after cerebral ischemic injury. We have also shown that hyperthermia can exacerbate cerebral ischemic injury and that the efficacy of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is reduced in the presence of hyperthermia. In this study the effect of simvastatin alone or in combination with hyperthermia on brain ischemic injury was evaluated. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study. Sample size comprised 13 groups of male rats. In four studies, the rectal and brain temperature of the rats were measured and neuroprotective effect of simvastatin alone or in combination with hyperthermia in thromboebolic stroke was evaluated. The collected data were analyzed by means of sigmastat 3.1 soft ware and statistical tests of ANOVA, Tukey and Krascal walis. Resul1s: The results of this study showed that brain temperature was approximately O.50Clower than that of rectum. Results indicate that simvastatin alone reduced the infarct volume by 46% compared to the control group (p<0.01). Simvastatin improved neurological deficits and reduced brain edema significantly, (p<0.05). Administration of simvastatin significantly decreased perfusion deficits and BBB permeability.Conclusion: These studies suggest that simvastatin is protective in an embolic model of stroke and can decrease BBB permeability and perfusion deficits in brain injured rats.MCA: middle cerebral artery, BBB: blood- brain barrier, tPA: tissue plasminogen activator.

Background and Aim: At the present time, cancer is among the first three causes of death in developed countries and also in Iran. Considering different distribution of different types of cancers in the world and their significance in regard to morbidity and mortality, diagnosis of different kinds of cancers will be the first step in controlling these disorders. By proper planning, we can reduce the incidence rate of all types of cancers. This survey deals with epidemiological study of cancers in Kurdistan province. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were obtained from cancer registration system, which is a national program. In this system the data of all types of cancers, diagnosed in pathological centers, were collected and entered into the national soft ware program. Different types of cancers were encoded on the basis of ICD- 02. In this study 1294 cases of different types of cancers were collected from pathologic diagnostic centers in Kurdistan province in a period of 2 years (2003-2004). Resul1s: In this survey the overall incidence rate of all types of cancer in 2003 and 2004, was 60 and 66.9 in 100000 people. 62% of cases were male and 38% female. Generally, the most common cancers in both sexes, were those of skin (22.8%), stomach (20.5%), esophagus (12.8%), urinary bladder (7.5%) and lung and bronchus (4.9%). The most common r cancers in male patients, belonged to stomach, skin, esophagus, bladder, lung, prostate, colorectal; and in female patients, cancers of skin, esophagus, stomach, breast and colorectal carcinoma were the most frequent, types, respectively. The highest incidence rate of cancers had occurred in the patients who were older than 75 years. Histopathologically the most common cancers of skin, stomach and esophagus were basal cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma respectively.Conclusion: skin cancers were the most common cancers in Kurdistan province. But the total number of cases of cancers of all parts of Gastro-intestinal tract exceeded those of all other systems. In Females, opposed to males, esophageal cancer was more common than stomach cancer. Histopathologically, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of different cancers in Kurdistan province, in comparison to other parts of the country. The epidemiologic profile of cancers in Kurdistan province is different from other parts of our country, which requires more investigation.

Background and Aim: prevalence of hypertension is about 11% among Iranian population. Many factors such as psychological stress, smoking, and type A personality influence the prevalence of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to evaluate type A personality in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study. Among 500 patients referring to the cardiology clinics of Sina and Shahid Madani Hospitals in Tabriz, one hundred hypertensive patients were selected by simple sampling method in a period of two months. Demographic data collected and after securing patients' consents, personality questionnaires (TAQ) were filled out. Data entry and analysis performed by means of SPSS statistical software. Results: Fifty males and females were included in this study, mean age were 57±11 and 57±8 for men and women respectively. Systolic blood pressures were in the range of 120-210 mmHg, with a mean value of 157±17.5 Mean blood pressure (BP) was 158/90 mmHg in men and 159/92 mmHg in women accordingly. Prevalence rates of type A and B personalities in hypertensive patients were 54% and 38% respectively which showed a significant statistical difference.Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence rate of type A personality in hypertensive patients. We recommend assessment of personality type of hypertensive patients and inclusion of supportive psychiatric measures in the treatment of patients with type A personality as an adjunctive treatment for hypertension.

Background and Aim: Domestic violence has been recognized as a public cultural and health issue that can affect pregnancy through direct or indirect mechanisms. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence, related factors and outcome of physical domestic violence against pregnant women in Sanandaj hospitals. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 840 pregnant women who had been selected by systematic random sampling and hospitalized for termination of pregnancy (labor or abortion). Data were collected from constructional interview and labor documents. Consequences of domestic violence included LBW, PROM, abortion, preterm labor and still birth. The results were analyzed through descriptive and analytical tests. Results: The prevalence of physical domestic violence during pregnancy was 8.5%. Most cases were housewives (p<0.05) and of low economic status (p<0.01). Regarding their husbands, low education (p<0.03), unemployment, smoking, drug abuse (p=0.000)and alcohol drinking (p<0.01) had significant relationships with the prevalence of domestic violence. Cultural differences and shotgun wedding (p<0.01) were associated with higher rates of physical domestic violence during pregnancy. Women who had experienced such aggression were more likely to have premature rupture of membranes and abortion. Conclusion: Routine screening for domestic violence in pregnancy and educational measures to convince the men to change their violent conduct, empowerment of the women and reforming the defective cultural structure of the society should be taken into consideration.

Background and Aim: Blood-borne infections are important threatening problems for health care staff which needs more attention. Heart surgery and invasive heart procedures are major risks for transmission of viruses like HBV, HCV, and HIV to patients and medical staff. Therefore this study was performed to assess prevalence of such infections in these patients. Materials and Methods: This descriptive survey included all the patients who had been admitted for cardiac surgery or invasive cardiac procedures in Emam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah from 1999 to 2003. Data collected from medical records, were analyzed by means of T and X2 tests. P. value <0.005 regarded significant. Results: Among 6820 cases, 112 patients had positive HBV and HCV tests (1.6 percent) with 89 HBV positive (1.3 percent) and 31 HCV positive (0.45 percent) cases. (8 patents were both HCV and HBV positive) 76 patients were male (74%), and the remainder were female.No HIV positive patient was detected. Positive cases were more common in hospitalized patients, those with history of previous surgery and blood transfusion, addicts and housekeepers. Data analysis by Means of X2 test showed significant correlation between presence of HCV and HBV infection with history of transfusion (p. value=0.001) and previous surgery (p. value=0.015) but not with addiction (p. value=0.675). The variables of education level and job were not found to be risk factors.Conclusion: prevalence of hepatitis among cardiac Patients is similar to general population, so performing routine HBV, HCV, HIV tests in high risk groups should be regarded more important.

Background and Aim: Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are among metabolic disorders which can be encountered in patients with PCO syndrome. The present study was designed to assess the relationship between PCOS and glucose intolerance in patients referring to obstetric clinic in Sanansaj in 2004. Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive case-control study. The case group included 126 women at reproductive age with PCOS, confirmed with clinical, sonographic and laboratory data. Control group consisted of 126 women without any evidence of PCOS that were matched with the case group for age, weight, height, pregnancy number, method of contraception, history of abortion and still birth. Oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) using a standard 75 g glucose was performed and LH and FSH were checked for all subjects. Using SPSS win soft ware, data were analyzed by means of chi-square (X2) and T-tests.Results: According to the results of this study the mean level of blood glucose, fasting and after 1 hour, did not show any significant differences; but after 2 and 3 hours we found remarkable differences in the glucose values between the two groups. Impaired glucose tolerance test was significantly higher in the case group. (17 vs. 2 and p=0.001 OR=9.67 C1 2.08<OR<62.03).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that for early detection of these disorders, more attention should be paid to carbohydrate metabolism in the patients with PCOS. Further controlled studies to detect the etiology of such relation between the glucose intolerance and PCOS, are recommended.

Background and Aim: Since enteric nervous system is a complicated network and calls for more investigations, we decided to develop a model for myoelectric activity of small intestine by use of artificial nerve networks, in order to reach a better understanding of I.B.S. According to empirical knowledge concerning I.B.S, serotonin level in enteric nervous system increases and this system becomes more excitable and active. The aim of this study was to prove these issues by use of mathematical models. Materials and Methods: MTLAB 6.5 soft ware was used in this project. Artificial nerve networks, equivalent to enteric nervous system were designed. Results: By making use of artificial nerve networks, amplitude, time and number of spikes in the myoelectric curve of small intestine were determined which were compatible with empirical information.Conclusion: Using artificial nerve networks, the effect of increased level of serotonin as a pathophysiological factor, on bowel movement in IBS was established. This study can pave the way for designing other artificial networks to assess potential effects of drugs; or developing more effective methods for treatment of I.B.S.

Background and Aim: Shigellosis is an acute gastroenteritis caused by Shigella species, including S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydi and S. sonnei.The purpose of this study was to isolate and to determine antibiotic resistance, plasmid profile and protein bands by SDS-PAGE, and also phenotypic virulence by Congo red dye among S. flexneri strains. Materials and Methods: The isolated bacteria were identified by use of standard bacterial and biochemical methods. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to kirby-Bauer method. Plasmids were isolated by alkaline lysis method. Serological reactions were detected by slide agglutination tests with both polyclonal and monoclonal antisera kits. Virulent strains were isolated on a TSA plate containing Congo red dye. Results: From 350 isolated Shigella spp., 142 (40.57%) were S. flexneri. Of 350 patients 41% were female and 59% male. In 100 S. flexneri isolates, resistance rates to tetracycline, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfometoxazol and cephalexin were 95%, 91.3%, 85.6% and 70.3% respectively. All of isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Most isolates contained multiple plasmid bands (1-5 plasmids bands). A total of 11 distinct plasmid profile patterns were identified. The results of our study showed that serotype 2 was the most common isolated serotype of S. flexeneri (39%). In this study, 46% of S. flexneri were Congo red positive and haemolysin positive on blood agar plates. A 120 KDa protein band was detected on electrophoresis gel.Conclusion: These data showed, pathogenicities of all S. flexneri isolates are not similar. Health care can prevent bacterial diarrhea due to shigella. Therefore laboratories are recommended to be more concerned about isolation of these bacteria. Congo red dye binding test is cheap, simple and rapid, so, it can be used to determine the virulence properties of S. flexneri. Antibiogram tests are recommended to prevent antibiotic resistance.

Background and Aim: Splenic cysts are unusual in everyday surgical practice. Primary splenic cyst is a relatively rare disease, the majority of cases are classified as epithelial cyst that in some cases has a huge appearance. In the literature, only about 1000 cases of epithelial cysts of spleen have been reported. Case Report: This case is a 10-year old boy who presented with unusual complaints such as mild abdominal discomfort & sensation of fullness in the left side of abdomen together with enlargement and asymmetry. Ultrasonic & radiological examination (IV -oral abdominal CT -scan), showed a simple cyst of spleen with a diameter of 20 cm pushing the left kidney posteriorly. Test for hydatid cyst was performed and after a successful splenectomy the patient was discharged. The pathologic examination, confirmed the diagnosis of epithelial cyst. Case Report: Epithelial cysts of spleen are asymptomatic & discovered incidentally. Also they may be detected by presenting with unusual complaints or enlargement of the cyst and its complications like hemorrhage & rupture. Simple splenic cyst with more than 5 cm in diameter must be resected by surgical Intervention. Large cysts can damage spleen and increase risk of bleeding during partial splenectomy. Therefore in such cases total splenectomy is the best method .of surgery.

Background and Aim: Trilateral Retinoblastoma (TRB) is a rare, but well recognized syndrome that has a hereditary base. These tumors usually occur in the pineal, parasellar, or suprasellar regions, often several years after successful management of ocular retinoblastoma (RE) without evidence of direct extension or distant metastasis. The first report of TRB was in 1971 and fewer than 50 cases of TRB with suprasellar involvement have been reported in the literature.Case Report: Here we report a case of TRB with suprasellar involvement in a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma. The patient was a 2-year-old girl with red inflamed eye and vomiting during the last 15 days and lacrimation, leukocoria and proptosis from one week prior to admission. She was blind and deaf. Owing to special radiological signs, presence of calcification in the tumor, and limited number of differential diagnoses, diagnosis of TBR without pathological examination is possible.Conclusion: When TRB is detected in the brain CT-scan, It means that, the prognosis is very poor and survival rate will be less than 12 months. Because of poor prognosis of this syndrome, examination of the neonates and babies and checking the red reflexes and funduscopy in doubtful cases, at the time of birth are mandatory. Screening of the families of the patients with retinoblastoma and genetic counseling should be regarded necessary.