Armaghane Danesh
Year:2010 | Volume:15 | Issue:2 (58)|Papers Count:11

Introduction & Objective: Complication of general anesthesia, especially during change of position, is more than spinal anesthesia. We evaluated our experience regarding spinal anesthesia in comparison to general anesthesia in patients older than 18 years old that were candidate for PCNL.Materials & Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, from March 2008 to February 2010, 110 patients older than 18 years who were candidate for PCNL, after informing them and getting their approval, they were randomly assigned into two groups by Zelen randomization method. Then, in group 1, general anesthesia was induced by parental and inhalational drugs as standard methods and PCNl was performed in prone position under fluoroscopy guidance by standard technique. In group 2, spinal anesthesia was done by spinal needle NO 23-25 gauge and injecting 2-3 ml of Bupivacaine and 0.5 ml Fentanyl in spinal space L4 in sitting position. Then urethral catheter was inserted in lithotomic position and head of bed tilted down for 5-10 minutes with checking level of anesthesia. Then, the patients were rotated easily by the help of in prone position and PCNL were done under guide of fluoroscopy by standard technique and results with complications were recorded and analyzed by SPSS software and chi-square and T Student tests.Results: Mean stone size in group one and two were 34.2±9.8 and 31.3±7.9 millimeters respectively. Considering efficacy and successfulness of operation, clearance of system from stones or residual stones <5 millimeter was respectively 80 and 72.73 percent in groups 1 and 2 (p=.37. There were no major Intra-operative or postoperative complications such as visceral or vascular injury and unusual bleeding in our patients. Need to narcotic drugs in operative day (D0) in groups 1 and 2 were 12.4±3.1 and 7.8±2.3 milligram equivalent to morphine sulphate (p=.03). The coast of anesthetic drugs in groups 1 and 2 were 23±3.7 and 4.5±1.3$ respectively (p=.001).Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia with combined Bupivacaine and Fentanyl is safe, effective, and also a comfortable method for performing PCNL and is a good alternative for general anesthesia in adult patients with low coast.

Introduction & Objective: Stress urinary incontinence is a common problem among middle-aged women and can affect their quality of life. This study evaluated the effects of pelvic floor muscle exercise on quality of life outcomes in women with stress urinary incontinence.Materials & Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted at Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital of Tehran in 2009. After baseline evaluation, fifty women were assigned to this clinical trial. Participants were trained to do pelvic floor muscle exercises for 3 months and their quality of life were measured before and 3 months after intervention. The collected data were analyzed by the SPSS software using descriptive statistical tests and paired T experimental test.Results: forty-six women completed the trial. After 12 weeks, the descriptive statistical tests and paired T experimental test showed significant difference in the quality of life scores of women with stress urinary incontinence before and after intervention(P<0.0001).Conclusion: 12 weeks exercise of pelvic floor muscle significantly improved the quality of life outcomes of women with stress urinary incontinence.

Introduction & Objective: Biological activities of Zingiber afficieale plants have been reported as possessing anticancer, antibacterial, antiulcer, antifungal, and insecticidal properties. However, its antitumor effects haven't been studied in cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effect of zingiber afficieale on breast cancer cell lines.Materials & Methods: This experimental study was conducted in 2010 at Mashhad University of medical Sciences. Breast cancer cell line (MCF7) and normal connective tissue cell line (L929) were cultured in DMEM medium. Ethanolic extract of Zingiber afficinale was prepared and cell lines were treated with different concentration of extract (5000 to 78 mg). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after 24, 48, and 72 hours. The collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS software.Results: The effects of Zingiber afficinale on cell viability were observed after 48 hours on cell lines. Ginger doses in 2500 mg concentration inhibited 50% of cell growth (IC50) in cell lines after 48 hours.Conclusion: Our study revealed that fresh ginger extract has cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, but it doesn’t have any cytotoxic effect on normal cells. It seems that ginger could be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic agent in cancer treatment.

Introduction & Objective: One of the basic elements declared in positive psychology is the concept of happiness. Researches have shown that without concerning how achieved, happiness can enhance our health. People who are happy feel more secure, decide easier, and are more satisfied of the people who live with. The aim of the present study was to measure the efficiency of teaching communicative pattern of pluralistic family on the happiness of couples.Materials & Method: This experimental study was designed to have a pre-test and post-test and also a control group. Subjects of this study were comprised of consultation centers clients in Shiraz and was based on random sampling. Forty couples were selected according to the revised version of family communication patterns of Koerner and Fitzpatrick. Two dimensions, namely laisseze fair and protective family patterns, were taken into account through the process of selection. Oxford Happiness Invintory was administered to 40 couples and they were randomly divided into a control and an experimental group. Ten training sessions, 90- minute each, were held for experimental group exposed to pluralistic communication patterns. Three Couples declined and finally 34 couples were analyzed. The test was run for both groups and data was analyzed with covariance analysis method using SPSSI5.Results: The results of the present study revealed that with regard to happiness, there is a meaningful difference in both groups (p<0.005). The difference also existed between the pretest and post test scores of happiness test in both groups (p<0.0001). However, communication patterns and interaction between both groups did not reach a meaningful level.Conclusion: Based on the finding, it can be concluded that listening to and speaking with each other play a key role in happiness, therefore pluralistic communication methods based on high levels of listing speaking interactions can be effective happiness of couples.

Introduction & Objective: In recent years, the incidence of opportunistic fungi has shown a marked increase. Infection caused by common pathogenic fungi is a significant health problem in immune compromised hosts. The present study evaluated antifungal activity of Titanum dioxide nanoparticles and Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid against Candida albicans as self-cleaning agent by standard micro dilution test.Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted at the Medical University of Tarbiyat Modares in 2009. TiO2 nanoparticles were obtained through the hydrolysis of TiCl4 (Titanium tetrachloride). Size and type of these nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray-Diffraction (XRD). Afterwards, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Fungicide Concentration (MFC) test for TiO2 and EDTA were performed.Results: Concentration of synthesised TiO2 was 7.03 mg/ml and 5.63 5.63×1020 particles/ml. Evaluation of morphology and diameter of the TiO2 nanoparticles with SEM showed that nanoparticles were spherical with diameter between 40-65 nm. MIC50 of 2.2, 1.24 and 0.125 mg/ml respectively. MIC90 and MFC of TiO2, EDTA and fluconazole were 3.51, 2.48, 0.5 mg/ml and 4.06, 3.1, 1 mg/ml respectively.Conclusion: In the present study, using of synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles with chemical method showed a suitable activity against Candida in comparison with Fluconazole. Thus it might represent a good candidates in elimination of Candida in medical from medical devices.

Introduction & Objective: According to WHO report, there are more than 40.3 million people infected with HIV worldwide. Detection of HIV-infected people in each community helps to control and prevent the infection. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of HIV infection among high-risk groups in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province in Iran.Materials & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2009 in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province in Iran. High-risk groups for HIV were the subjects of this study. Blood samples were taken from 2009 people from Boyerahmad, Gachsaran, and Dehdasht and tested by ELISA for anti-HIV1/2 antibodies. Demographic features of participants were recorded using a questionnaire during sample collecting. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 13 software.Results: From 2009 subjects, HIV antibody was detected in 36 (1.8%) of cases. High prevalence of infection (3.2%) was seen in 31-40 years age group. The rate of infection was higher in males compared to females. Unemployed people were found to be the main victim of the disease. The highest rate of infection was seen in Gachsaran in comparison to other townships.Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrated that HIV infection is prevalent in high-risk groups in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province and control measurements should be implemented to prevent the distribution of the infection.

Introduction & Objective: Evidences have indicated that the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) is the major source of dopamine (DA) neurons projecting to cortical and limbic regions involved in cognitive and motivational aspects of addiction. Also, studies have indicated that the Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) can reduce the dependency symptoms of opioids such as morphine via effect of activity on dopaminergic neuron in VTA. For this reason, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of ascorbic acid on the amplitude of Ventral Tegmental Area field action potential in morphine-exposed rats.Materials & Methods: Forty male Wistar’s rats were used in this experimental study conducted at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences in 2010. Animals were randomly divided into four groups after electrode implantation and recovery period: 1. No- Vit C and No-Addicted group (nVitC.nA) 2. Vit C and No-Addicted group (VitC.nA) 3. No- Vit C and Addicted group (nVitCA) 4.Vit C and Addicted (VitC.A), The Vit C groups received 500 mg/kg of Vit C during 20 days. For addicted groups morphine was administrated once daily for 20 days. In the 20th day, the field potential recording was accomplished. Two-way ANOVA was used for data analysis followed by the Tukey test for post hoc analysis. Results were considered significant at P<0.05.Results: This study shows the exposure to morphine declined the power of Delta and Beta bands (p<0.05) and Vit C solely enhance power of Theta and Beta (p<0.05, p<0.001) in VTA nuclei. Furthermore, Vit C could alter power of some bands which were affected by morphine. Therefore it seems that Vit C has an increasing effects on them (p<0.05).Conclusion: Although the effect of Vit C on power of the VTA bands is not well known, but it is supposed that this phenomenon can be related to alteration in activity of dopaminergic neuron in the brain.

Introduction & Objective: Health control beliefs account for one of the most important indicators of health beliefs for planning health educational programs. It's also known as a main structure in understanding and predicting health behaviors. In addition, health control beliefs are predictor of health behaviors. Thus, they play a basic role in the pregnancy period. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between health controls beliefs and life style in the pregnancy period.Materials & methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at Gonabad University of Medical Sciences in 2008. The samples were 115 pregnant women referring to therapeutic -health centers of Gonabad, Iran, that were selected by simple random sampling. Measurement tools were consisted of three questionnaires: personal information inventory, multi-dimensional scale of health control beliefs and life styles questionnaire in pregnancy period. The collected data were analyzed using Oneway ANOVA by the SPSS software.Results: The mean age and pregnancy age of the samples were 20±.27 year’s and 23±.6 weeks respectively. 83.5 percent of the women were householders, 41.7 percent had diploma and 54.8 percent were experiencing their first pregnancy. The highest scores of health control belief scale were related to internal belief, effective person belief and chance belief dimensions respectively. In addition, statistical analysis showed significant relationship between dimension of internal belief of health control and dimensions of nutrition and safety from life style in pregnancy period.Conclusion: The present study showed that health internal control belief is higher, in comparison to other two criteria, in pregnant women of Gonabad. However, thinking based health control beliefs, especially internal health control beliefs, can be strengthened by using appropriate teaching methods in pregnant women, as part of high risk group.

Introduction & Objective: Preeclampsia is a disease with worldwide importance to mothers and infants, where it accounts for 20–80% of the strikingly increased maternal mortality. The lack of enzymes added to the homocysteine metabolism or the cofactors necessary for its metabolism (folate, B6 vitamin, B12 vitamin) cause hyperhomocysteinemia. Abnormal serum lipid profiles such as cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Recently high levels of B-HCG have been identified as a potential marker for developing preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible association of homocysteine, vitamin and some serum factors levels with preeclampsia in pregnant women.Materials and Methods: A case control study was performed prospectively on normotensive healthy pregnant women (80) and pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia (80) referring to Imam Sadjad hospital in Yasuj, between September 2004 to August 2005. In addition to the obstetric evaluation and laboratory examination in the 3rd trimester of gestation, blood samples were taken from all cases for homocysteine and vitamin B12, folic acid, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, B-HCG analysis. The samples were evaluated by Immunoassay (ELISA). Univariant and logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of outcomes.Results: The mean plasma level of total homocysteine was significantly higher in preeclamptic women compared with normal pregnancy (p<0/05). No significant differences were observed in B12 concentrations and plasma folic acid (P>0.05). Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly higher in preeclamptic women compared with normal pregnant women (p<0/05). LDL and HDL levels were not correlated with preeclampsia. There was no significant association between preeclampsia and B-HCG levels.Conclusion: Homocysteine, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations increase in preeclampsia but decrease of vitamin B12 and folic acid levels was not observed in preeclampsia. LDL, HDL and B-HCG levels were not different between preeclamptic women and women with normal pregnancy.

Introduction & Objective: Carpal tunnel syndrome is identified due to compression of median nerve at wrist and develops symptoms such as wrist pain, paresthesia, numbness and the dysfunction of the hands. The gold standard to diagnose, determining prognosis and planning treatment process based on the severity of nerve involvement are electro-diagnosis tests. The purpose of this study was to specify the least and the most false positive results in common electro-diagnosis tests.Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Twelve different electro-diagnosis tests on fifty-five normal cases (110 available hands), which never had experienced the symptoms of this syndrome, were carried out. The data was statistically analyzed by SPSS software, using T test and Cochran's ‘Q.Results: There were false positive results in many of the performed tests. The most false-positive result was in- difference between median and ulnar motor distal latencies- test with the rate of 15.5% and the lowest false positive result was in- difference between median and ulnar sensory distal latencies of digit 4- test with the rate of 0%.Conclusion: This study revealed that tests which evaluate the differences between median and ulnar or radial nerves sensory distal latency (in the finger 4 and or 1, respectively), had less false positive results, and are more reliable in suspected cases of this syndrome. Also by using several different electro-diagnostic tests, rapid and efficient diagnosis can be achieved.