Armaghane Danesh
Year:2015 | Volume:20 | Issue:4 (99)|Papers Count:9

Background & aim: Obesity is accompanied with a lot of metabolic disorders such as changing Adipokines like Chemerin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of endurance and resistance exercise on plasma levels of chemerin and factors related to obesity in overweight and obese females.Methods: In the present study, thirty-four overweight and obese females with mean age of 22.29±2.49 years, body mass index of (BMI) 30.19±2.79 kg/m2, weight of 77.23±10 kg who voluntarily participated were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (n=12) and oin control group (n=10). Endurance and resistance training groups were exercised for 8 weeks (4 days a week) with intensity of 65 to 80% maximum heart rate (HRmax) and 65 to 80% one repetition maximum (1RM) respectively. In two steps of pre-test and post-test, after 12 hours of fasting, the blood samples were collected in the same conditions and assessed by ELISA method. Plasma levels of Chemerin. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, dependent t, ANOVA and post hoc tests.Results: In the endurance group, the chemerin plasma levels significantly decreased after a period of 8 weeks of training (p<0.05), but no significant change was observed in the resistance group (p<0.05). In the experimental groups, factors associated with obesity (weight, fat mass, waist to hip ratio and body mass index) reduced significantly; whereas, a significant increase was observed in maximum oxygen consumption (p<0.05).Conclusions: Both endurance and resistance training, improved factors related to obesity and maximum oxygen consumption, But endurance training with a significant decrease in plasma levels chemerin more effective on health and reduce inflammation of overweight and obese females.

Background & aim: Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice is a native plant native of Iran, which is traditionally used as a medicinal plant for treatment of diseases such as gastric ulcer and arthrosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra on the electrocardiogram and interaction with cholinergic system of male rats.Methods: In the present experimental study, ten Adult male rats (wistar) were divided into two groups: The first group, in the basal, control and experimental conditions were received through physiologic serum, licorice solvent, licorice extract (90mg/kg) and equal volume of the licorice solvent (ethanol %70) respectively. The second group, in the basal, control and experimental conditions received physiologic serum, acetylcholine (.01 mg/kg) and physiologic serum, licorice extract and acetylcholine respectively. Rats were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital sodium, then femoral artery and femoral vein were canulated for blood pressure recording and injection respectively. Electrocardiogram was recorded by limb electrodes linked to AD instrument power lab Bio amplifier also Blood pressure was recorded by pressure transducer linked to A-D instrument power lab. Data were analyzed statistically by using SPSS software and Paired- samples T test.Result: A significant decrease of RR interval and R amplitude was observed in the presence of licorice extract with comparing to control condition (licorice solvent) (p<0.05). In addition, co-administration of licorice extract and acetylcholine showed a significant reduction in RR interval and R amplitude in comparison to the control (acetylcholine+saline) (p<0.006). Compared to the control (solvent extraction) and in the presence of licorice extract the systolic and diastolic pressures decreased significantly (p<0.05).Conclusion: In the present study, it was concluded that hydro- alcoholic extract of Glycyrrhizaglabra in rats with normal blood pressure caused positive chronotropic through baroreflex pathway and endothelin receptors (type B) activity and caused negative chronotropic via synergistic effect with cholinergic system in the heart tissue.

Background and aim: Valerian officinalis has various usages in the pharmaceutical industry and has therapeutic properties to improve some neurological disorders, insomnia and hysteria. The plant acts as sedatives for the nervous system and muscle cramps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the hydroalcoholic extract on the astrocytes of hippocampus in rats.Methods: In the present experimental study, forty Sprague Dawley rats (200–230 g) were randomly divided into four groups. Experimental groups of one, two and three, received, 300, 400 and 600 mg/kg of Valeriana officinalis extract daily for three weeks. But the control group received only one ml of distilled water by garage daily, for 21 days. At the end of the study, the rats were killed and their brain tissue samples were prepared.The size and number of astrocytes in the hippocampus in the left hemisphere in CA1, CA2, and CA3 area were recorded in all groups.Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA.Results: The numbers of astrocytes of the CA1 and CA2 in the group which received 600 mg/kg of Valeriana officinalis extracts were 16.79±6.48 and 9.11±3.91 respectively, which significantly increased compared with the control group (p<0.001). The mean of large diameter of astrocytes in the CA1 region of the animals which received 300, 400 and 600 mg/kg of Valeriana officinalis were 10.41±2.87, 7.85±2.36 and 5.5±2.06 respectively, which decreased significantly compared to the control group 13.1±4.01. The mean large diameter of the CA3 area in the groups which received 400 and 600 mg/kg of Valeriana officinalis extracts were 8±2.38 and 7.13±4.12 which significantly reduced compared to the control group 14.53±8.60 (p<0.05).Conclusion: Valeriana officinalis containing an effective compounds such as phenolic acids, esters, flavonoids, acids, esters, flavonoids, eccles, monoterpenes, and antioxidant property has potential to affect extracellular environment of the nervous system to proliferation of astrocytes cells in the rat hippocampus.

Background & Aim: According to the maternal health, and the fact that cytomegalovirus infection is associated with abortion and the incidence of fetal malformations, the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalance of cytomegalovirus infection of women in the reproductive age.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on women of childbearing referred to Yasuj Mofatteh clinic in 2013. Ninety-four eligible women (married women aged 17 to 45 years) were selected by random-stratified sampling. After completing the questionnaire which included demographic and clinical characteristics, blood samples were collected and IgG & IgM antibodies titers against CMV were measured by ELISA. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS and statistical tests and independent T-test & chi-square.Results: 98.9% of the participants (93 eligible women) were positive for anti-CMV IgG antibody, whereas the IgM antibody in only one patient (1.1 %) was border line. Also no significant association was observed between the IgG and IgM antibodies and clinical manifestations with demographic variables. Moreover, the titer of IgG and IgM antibodies and clinical manifestations associated with demographic variables was not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: The results indicated that exposure to cytomegalovirus in women at childbearing age was significant in Yasuj and need serious care in order to prevent complications and congenital malformation felt in this group.

Back ground & aim: regular Eye desensitization and reprocessing is a kind of psychotherapy which effects the negative memories associated with stress and trauma and is the core of abnormalities related to trauma. Individuals use their autobiographical memories for assembling effective solutions in order to solve common problems.Dysfunctional problem-solving and over-generalized autobiographical memories are important negative results of these problems. The aim of this study was to determine the EMDR efficacy on PTSD symptoms decrease and enhance of problem- solving skills.Methods: This present semi-experimental included 32 patients of the emergency ward of Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran, using purposive sampling method (judgment). Among 50 patients, 32 were screened and randomly divided in two experimental and control groups. A modified EMDR protocol was used for patients injured in traumatic events.The experimental group received eight intervention sessions weekly. The control group were placed in the waiting list and met a psychologist four sessions and received usual treatment.psychological questionnaires including revised scale in IES-R, SPSI-R & autobiographical memory test (AMT) were given to the patients and Kolmogorov- Smirnov and ANCOVA statistical tests were applied as well.Results: The results revealed that regular eye desensitization and reprocessing has a main effect on decreasing PTSD symptoms as well as decreasing the amount of over general autobiographical memory representations in women with post-traumatic stress disorder. In other words, the EMDR group patients have less symptoms and higher problem solving skills.Conclusion: The results showed that elements of EMDR based on ALP Francis Shapiro influenced the integration of traumatic event information and identifying the number of symptoms in patients having PTSD.

Background & aim: The effect of stress on the nervous system activity may be due to alterations in the structure of the nervous system. In this study, the effect of maternal stress was examined on the seizure threshold and hippocampal structure of their offspring during pregnancy.Methods: In the present study, thirty pregnant mice were divided into two groups. The No Stress group and stress group which received one hour immobilization stress from 1 to 14 day of pregnancy. The seizure threshold test was performed on offspring by injection of Pantilen tetrazol (PTZ). To study the hippocampus development, the mice offsprings were divided into three groups: The control group mother received no immobilization stress and their offspring also received no PTZ. The Sham group received no immobilization stress on the pregnant rat but their offspring received PTZ. But in experimental group, the pregnant rat received immobilization stress and their offspring received PTZ too. At the end of the experiences, all offspring’s were killed by chloroform and their hippocampus was fixed in boein solution. After processing a 5μm sections were prepared and stained by hematoxylin and eosin. The pyramidal and granular layers thickness in the Hippocampus were measured using Motic software and the number of cells in these layers and the number of blood vessels in the molecular and polymorphic layers were counted. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and T-test.Results: a significant increase in seizure threshold was observed in offsprings whose mothers were under stress compared with offspring whose mothers were not under stress (p<0.001). A significant increase in average thickness of hippocampal pyramidal and granular in the experimental group was observed compare with the control group (p<0.001). In addition, the mean thickness of pyramidal and granular layers of hippocampus significantly increased in the experimental group compared to control group. The number of cells in hippocampal and granular layers significantly decreased in the experimental group when compared with control and sham groups (p<0.001). Compared with the sham and control groups a significant reduction was observed in granular hippocampal pyramidal cells layers of different areas of experimental group (p <0.001).Conclusion: Prenatal stress can cause an increase in seizure threshold and also impair offspring' s development and their hippocampal structure.

Background & aim: Metabolic alkalosis is one of the most common disorders of the acid-base body fluids which follows many of the metabolic and non-metabolic diseases in the body, and as a strong affective factor after establishment, it can influence the performance of other organs. The aim of this study was to examine the possible changes in the sensory threshold of pain in offsprings born to mothers with metabolic alkalosis in comparison with those born to healthy mothers.Methods: In the present experimental study, fifty mature female Westar rats, weighing 180±20gr, were randomly divided into five groups: the control left untreated, the sham received calcium carbonate solution for thirty days before and through pregnancy. The experimental group was divided into three alkalosis groups of minimum, medium and maximum doses. Sodium bicarbonate was dissolved in drinking water to produce alkalosis in the experimental groups. The groups with minimum, medium and maximum alkalosis received 0.2M Sodium bicarbonate for 10, 20 and 30 days respectively before and during pregnancy. Following the birth of offspring, the treatment was stopped, and water used to the end of the experiment. Offsprings were kept to adulthood, and then males and females were separated. The study of sensory threshold of pain was conducted on male offsprings by formalin test procedure. Pain scores were recorded in acute and chronic stages, and were compared among different groups. The qathered data was statistically analyzed by SPSS software, and Tukey and Anova test.Results: The results indicated a significant increase in the pain scores during acute (0-5min) and chronic stages (16-60min) of formalin test in male rat offspring born to mothers with metabolic alkalosis compared to control and sham groups (P£0.05).Conclusion: Alkalosis with such effects can reduce sensory threshold of pain in children born to mothers with metabolic alkalosis and increase the pain. Consequently, by preventing metabolic alkalosis in pregnant women, we can reduce sensory threshold pain in children.

Background & aim: family and individual factors are involved in addiction potential. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of family resiliency (family communication and problem solving, utilizing social and economic resources, maintaining a positive outlook, family connectedness, family spirituality, ability to make meaning of adversity) and mindfulness in addiction potential of students.Method: the research method used in the present study was correlation. A number of 399 students from Yasuj University in 2012-13 academic years were selected through a multi- stage cluster sampling method and responded to the Iranian scale of addiction potential, family resiliency questionnaire, and short form of Freiburg mindfulness inventory. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and Simultaneous regression.Results: A negative and significant correlation was seen between family resiliency and its dimensions with addiction potential (P<0.01). Between mindfulness and addiction preparation, a significant and negative correlation was observed (P<0.01). The results of simultaneous regression analysis showed that family residency and mindfulness could significantly predict 13% of variance of addiction potential.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the importance of family resilience and mindfulness as personal and family variables in preparing addiction. Therefore, the family resilience and mindfulness skills training could decrease the addiction potential among students.