Armaghane Danesh
Year:2003 | Volume:7 | Issue:28|Papers Count:9

Introduction & Objective: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been effective in reducing postoperative pain (70-90%). The mechanism of TENS is not clear but Gate - Control theory may explain it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effect of TENS on post cesarean section pain and on analgesic intake during the first 24hr postoperative period. Materials & Methods: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, sixty four primiparous women, each having undergone an elective cesarean delivery, participated in the study and were assigned randomly to two groups. For 32 of them (TENS group) TENS was applied in the recovery room every 6hr during the first 24hr after operation for a period of 30 minutes. Narcotic drugs were also injected intravenously if more analgesia was required. For control group (32 patients), analgesia was introduced only by narcotic drugs, when needed. VAS (visual analogue scale) was used to estimate the intensity of pain. The frequency of pain attacks and analgesic intake were also obtained from their hospital charts. Results: The mean scores of pain for TENS group and control group were 5.9±0.8 and 7.9±0.5, respectively. The mean scores of pain attack frequency were 1.78±1.3 and 6.03±1.15 for TENS group and control group in order. The mean of frequency of narcotic use was 0.94 ±0.93 in TENS group and 4.09 ± 1.03 in control group. The mean of the amount of narcotic use was 47.4±46.9 mg in TENS group and 204.7±51.4 mg in control group. Results showed significant differences between the two groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that well-structured interdisciplinary program of postoperative TENS l1ariagement can reduce the intensity and frequency of pain attacks after CIS. It can also decrease the patients need for pain medication.

Introduction &Objective: In the last few years, many studies have been carried out concerning the effects of fumes of welding on the respiratory system. The importance of this matter becomes clearer when we know that welding is one of the most common industries in the world and welders are estimated to make up more than 1% of work force in the industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to see whether the spirometry test can be utilized as screening indices in a health program and for the prevention of respiratory diseases among welders. We were also interested in knowing the chronic effects of exposure to welding fumes on spirometry test. Results of previous studies appear to be controversial as to the answers to these questions. Materials & Methods: Welders working in the body part welding plant of a large car factory were studied by designing a historical cohort. Results of the spirometry test were studied in a five year interval. A questionnaire was provided and the data concerning such factors as duration of welding, previous job, smoking habits and respiratory complaints were collected. . Results: Mean differences of Spiro metric indices during the period were as follows: FEV1 0.48L R (0.3-1.41), FVC 0.77L R [(-0.8)-2.46], FEV1/FVC 2.7% R [(-5)-16], FEF 25-75% 0.4LR [(-0.89)-2.53], MVV 16.56 L/min R(1-81) .There was a significant decrease in FEV1, FVC (p<0.05) in smokers & non-smokers (regarding the effect of age and smoking). Pattern of respiratory impairment was mixed for smokers and restrictive for nonsmokers. Coughing appeared to be the common symptom following welding. Conclusion: Findings indicated that welding could be a high risk job for respiratory system and this problem necessitates. Adequate ventilation, proper respiratory protection and improvement in workshops. It can also be concluded that spirometry tests along with an exact questionnaire are required for health programs and prevention of respiratory diseases among welders.

Introduction & Objective: Hospital healthcare personnel are threatened by different biological hazards like hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV. The most prevalent way of transmission of these diseases involves skin damage due to the insertion of sharp medical devices (Needle Stick Injury, NSI) contaminated with patients' blood or body secretions. This study was carried out to determine the history of penetrating injuries due to the insertion of sharp medical contaminated instruments among the healthcare personnel in Yasuj Hospitals. Materials & Methods: Healthcare stuffs of Yasuj hospital were relled in a retrospective study for history of penetrating in juries due to sharp medical instruments. A questionnaire was designed to collect the data and then the data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Results of the study revealed that 39.3 percent of the healthcare workers had been affected by sharp medical devices previously and 42.1% of these had suffered 2 times during their employment. The longest history of damages was among the nurses and operating room technicians (37.5%). Most cases of damage which were mostly due to needle sticking occurred in the emergency ward (24.6%). The main measure taken after injury was disinfection of the injured area by betadine. Conclusion: Because of the serious related darhages, supplying the healthcare personnel with appropriate education is felt necessary to prevent such injuries.

Introduction & Objective: The prevalence of urolithiasis, due to different epidemiologic factors such as hypercalcuria and hyperuricosuria, was reported to be 3% to 4%. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hypercalauria and hyperuricosuri in patients with urolithiasis and to recommend a suitable diet and treatment to reduce stone formation. Materials &Methods: This is a descriptive, cross - sectional study performed on 120 patients who referred to the urologist at Shahid Mofatteh Clinic and Shahid Beheshti Hospital. The data were collected from selected patients using a questionnaire and also lab data such as 24 hr urine calcium and uric acid and urine culture. Then they were analyzed by spss software. Results: Prevalence of hypercalcuria and hyperuricosuria in patients was found to be 20.8% and 10.8%, respectively. The synchronized prevalence of these abnormalities was 4.2%. Also 25% of hypercalciuric and 15.4% of hyperuricosuric patients have urinary tract infection. The most common age of patients with hypercalciuria and hypreuricosuria was in the range of 20-30 years. Discussion: Prevalence of hypercalciuria in the subjects was significantly lower than that in patients of other studies (p<.05) but making any decisive conclusion calls for further studies especially for other metabolic abnormalities that are common in urolithiasis patients.

Introduction & Objective: Malathion is one of the most used insecticides against orchard pests. The poison affects the nervous system of the insects and controls the cholinesterase enzyme. This study aimed at determining the effects of Malathion insecticide spray on these pests. Materials & Methods: This study was carried out on the sprayers in the agricultural section in the city of Tonekabon in Mazandaran Province in 2000. Twenty five sprayers from agricultural section were selected as the research society. The effect of this spray on the levels of the subjects" cholinesterase enzyme was studied. In this study, the tintometric method was applied that could be done with a small amount of blood sample and outside laboratory environment. In this method, the changes in blood PH were; measured. Results: The findings of the research showed that the amount of cholinesterase activity was about65% in 5% of the sprays,75% in 20% of them, 87.5% in 40% of them and 100% in 35% of them. Conclusion: Results showed that malathion appeared to be a low-risk insecticide. If health and safety rules are observed, safety equipment is used, and the instructions of agricultural experts are taken into consideration, there would be a less decrease in the amount of cholinesterase activity. Therefore, sprayers should be; supervised spraying crops with malathion insecticides. They should also be provided with necessary trainings and precautions as to the risks involved in working with these poisons.

Introduction & Objective: Cervicovaginal infections, affecting millions of people throughout the world annually, are among: the most prevalent infections in clinical medicine. This study was undertaken to analyze the frequency of infections due to tricomonas vaginalis, candida albicans and gardnerella vaginalis through cytological smears. Materials & Methods: A group of 1942 women were studied from October 1999 to September 2000. They referred to 1 health and therapeutic centers for routine pap smear. After collecting the data, they were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: 802 (41.3) of the subjects lived in rueral areas and 1140 (58.7%) of them Jivedin urban areas. 255 (13.3%) had 1 candidiasis, 82 (4.22%) had gardnerella vaginalis and 37 (1.9%) had tricomoniasis. The effect of age, contraception methods and other factors were studied. Results showed that there was a significant difference between infections of age and contraception methods (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that cytological smears can be used for cervicovaginal infection diagnosis but it is necessary to add other diagnostic methods.

Introduction & Objective: Although the effects of religious attitudes on mental health have not been greatly studied, available evidence shows that these attitudes have noticeable effects on all aspects of human life. Deep religious attitudes can prevent drug addiction, alcohol abuse and depression. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical, cross- sectional research was carried out to evaluate the religious attitudes of the students of Kerman University of Medical Sciences and their relationship with the subjects' demographic characteristics in October 2002. Subjects of the study consisted of 771 students selected by stratified sampling method and using Khodayarifard's question form. Results: Results showed that 55% of the subjects had strong religious attitudes, 29% had moderate attitudes and 16% had weak attitudes. A significant difference was found between males and females religious attitudes. Conclusion: Applied programs are strongly recommended to reinforce the religious beliefs and convictions among the students.

Introduction & Objective: The number of drugs using for treatment that have broad spectrum effects and potency is increasing. Also due to increase number of drugs administering in one prescription- for one patient ,administering of OTC drugs by patients themselves , multiple physicians, insufficient Information of physicians about clinical Pharmacology of drugs, absence of machines required to determine plasma level of drugs, adverse drug reactions are increase. Because of this problem we performed an investigation about drug interaction rate in Yasuj's general physicians prescriptions (1100 prescriptions). Material & methods: This stubby has been done in descriptive manner and necessary information has been taken from reserved presciption in three main insurer institution .These prescription have been studied base on sex, the number of administration, drugs, most comman drug interactions and severity of these interactions have been determined. Results: the results showed that 116 prescriptions had at least one drug interaction. There was more than one drug interaction (2-4) in 48 prescriptions (in total 169 drug interaction 10.54%) the most common drug interaction was related to the Diphenhydramin compound, Dexromethorphan. p and pseudoephedrin With other drugs (24.85%, 15.38% and 11.8%). Drug interactions of antibiotics were next (7.1%). Antihypertensive drug and nonstroidal anti inflammatory drugs were later (6.5%). Based on the clinical importance 6 prescriptions (3.55%) had high importance .54.4 percents of them had, intermediate and rest was Low importance. Conclusion: we recoemended regular education of physicians with evaluation of these physician in certain interval