Armaghane Danesh
Year:2001 | Volume:6 | Issue:23|Papers Count:8

This research is a semi-experimental study carried out to survey the effect of education on coping strategies of mothers who have children with educable mental retardation at Laleh Special School in Yasuj. The study group included 64 mothers whose children were at Laleh Special School. The required sample was selected according to research criteria and was divided randomly into two groups of case and control. Information related to knowledge and coping strategies for both case and control groups were collected before and after educational sessions using questionnaires. The data was analyzed using statistical methods. Results of this study showed that in the case group, in comparison with the control, problem -focused coping strategies were used much more and the useless and non - effective coping strategies were utilized less often (P<0.001). Considering the result of most studies showing that problem-focused coping strategies are the most adaptable coping strategies in relation to mental health, it can be suggested that mothers who have mentally retarded children should receive classical education on mental retardation so that they can use problem-focused strategies in coping with their mentally retarded children.  

In order to study the development of notochord in the rat's intervertebral discs, 40 mature male and female rats were selected. The female rats were separated after coupling. At least two animals were used at each of the following ages: embryonic days 14,15,16,18 and 20, neonate rats aged 1, 3, 5 days and postnatal rats aged 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks and also mature rats were selected. The intervertebral tissues were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, decalcified if necessary, and dehydrated in graded alcohol followed by embedding in paraffin. Serial 7 micrometer sections were cut and stained with H and E reticuline, toluidine blue trichrome maleory and were then examined by light microscopy. At E14, the notochord was uniform in diameter through both disc and vertebral body. By E15 notochordal cells were increased at the center of disc and by E16 expanded to form the nucleus pulposus. By E20 notochordal cells disappeared between adjacent discs. In 4-week rats, the extracellular matrix increased at the peripheral area of the nucleues pulposus. Intervertebral disc was fibrosed from the periphery to the center.  

The present study was performed on male white Dutch rabbits weighing from 1.5-2 kg. Animals were anaesthetized by ether and Evans blue (75mg/kg) was injected into the marginal ear vein. Acute inflammation of the rabbit knee joint was induced by intra-articular injection of 4% kaolin. Evans blue injection was used as a marker for the amount of protein extravasation into the tissue. The effect of kaolin (4%) was studied 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hours after injection. Kaolin induced maximum inflammation 4 hours after injection. The rate of inflammation was gradually reduced after 4 hours. The present result indicates that kaolin (4%) can induce maximum inflammation 4 hours after injection.  

Tuberculosis is one of the most contagious and fatal diseases in the world and BCG vaccination are recommended by WHO for prevention of tuberculosis. This is a cross sectional study which was performed in 9-15 month-old children in rural and urban areas of Boirahmad. 606 children were selected by cluster random sampling and place of birth, place of vaccination, presence of scar and scar size were recorded. Our results showed that 95.5% of children had a scar and the mean for scar size was found to be 5mm (SD= 1.94). Significant statistical difference was found between rural and urban areas with respect to the interval between birth and time of vaccination. This might be due to a greater number of home deliveries in rural areas.  

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of educational video films with computer CDs on teaching anatomy to medical students at Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. The course of anatomy was trunk (thorax, abdomen and pelvis) and the study sample included 30 medical students of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences class of 1377 who were divided in control, films and CD groups, each group included 10 students. Theoretical classes, dissection and models were presented to each group. After that video films related to the same part of the body was shown to one group (film group) while computer CDs were shown to the CD group. The practical and theoretical scores of students were statistically analyzed. Results showed that the mean of practical exam score of the CD group was higher than the film and control groups in all subjects (Thorax, abdomen and pelvis). It was also shown that theoretical and practical exam scores in the CD group for thorax were higher than the other two groups. The theoretical mean scores for the film group in pelvis and abdomen were higher than the other two groups, but there was no significant difference among the groups.  

There are a few factors in the family and school which can affect the prevalence of pediculosis in schools. This study was conducted to find out the existing factors affecting the prevalence of pediculosis in schools. Data were collected from 1200 school children who were selected randomly among all the primary school children in Yasuj. Each student was examined and the observation was recorded in a pre-designed questionnaire. Factors such as: common use of combs, clothes or beds, the number of people in the family, lack of a bath at home, lack of a health instructor at school, parent's occupation, and lack of sufficient space for education correlated significantly with the prevalence of pediculosis. These finding were consistent with previous studies in other cities and it can be concluded that lack of health education is the key factor in the prevalence of pediculosis in school children.  

Infancy is a very sensitive stage of life with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to recognize and control these risk factors in order to decrease the rate of mortality and morbidity of embryos and infants. This descriptive study was performed on 365 pregnant mothers. The study sample was divided into two groups: case (124) with meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and control (241) with clear amniotic fluid. Data was collected using a questionnaires as well as examination of mothers and newborns. The data was then analysed by statistical methods. Our findings showed that the prevalence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid was 11.17%. A significant correlation was found between the number of gravidity, gestational age, first minute apgar score at birth, onset of labor pain, method used for removing secretions, air passages and resuscitation and meconium - stained amniotic fluid.  

Cigarette smoking is one of the most important and the most preventable causes of mortality. There is an increasing tendency towards smoking among the young and adolescents. This study was performed on 206 male students in 6 colleges of Yasuj University of Medical Sciences. Results of this study showed that 78.2 %( out of all the subjects) are non-smokers, 15.6% smoke only cigarettes, 1.5% smoke, cigarettes and pipe, 2.9% smoke cigarettes and water pipe, 0.9% smoke cigarettes, pipe and water pipe and 0.9% only smoke water pipe. It was observed that 11.6% of the students had been smoking in the past, 69.8% smoke occasionally and 18.6% are regular smokers. Factors such as the psychological and emotional environment of the family, religious beliefs and practices and having a smoker in the family, were significantly different among the smokers as compared to non - smokers. On the other hand, the differences were not significant for age group, marriage, type of college, birth place, and living place. The most important reasons for smoking (for the first time) were found to be curiosity (30%), having a smoker friend (20.9%) and psychological and emotional problems (25.6%). 76.3% of smoker students (29 students) expressed their desire to cease smoking and health problems were their main concern.