JOURNAL OF GORGAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2018 | Volume:19 | Issue:4 (64) |Papers Count:22

Background and Objective: A brief and short duration episode of ischemia is recorded in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). This latter condition provides a status in which large region of heart is protected when prolonged ischemia occurred. Levothyroxine play a protective role in IPC induction, and simultaneously with stress oxidative. This study was conducted to determine the protective effect of levothyroxine with oxidative stress reduction mechanism in ischemic preconditioning model in rat heart.Methods: This experimental study was performed on 30 male Wistar rats in three groups of 10, as follows. In the reperfusion ischaemia group (IR), the heart of the animal was placed in a Langendorff apparatus. In the ischemic preconditioning group (IPC), prior to major ischemia, was exposed to 4 periods of 5-minute ischemia with reperfusion. In the intraperitoneally administered group, levothyroxine at a dose of 25 microgram per 100 g of body weight, the heart was exposed to reperfusion ischemia. The area of infarct and the level of malondialdehyde in the heart tissue were measured.Results: The volume of Infarcted region in IR and IPC groups was 26.55 and 11.11 respectively.The same index for the Levothyroxine receiver was 12.56. Based on these findings it was demonstrated that Levothyroxine injection reduced the Infarcted region significantly similar with IPC (P<0.05). The MDA Levels in IR and IPC were 1328 and 777, respectively and in Levothyroxine group it was determined as 762. The size of Infarcted region in both IPC and treated with Levothyroxine groups significantly reduced in compared to IR group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Injection of levothyroxine with ischemic preconditioning reduced the effect of reperfusion maladaptive ischemia in rat heart.

Background and Objective: Sodium meta-bisulphite is used as a preservative in food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin E on the improvement of sodium-meta bisulphite-induced complications on ovarian tissue and sex hormones in rats.Methods: In this experimental study, 70 adult Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 7 groups including control, sham and interventional groups were received vitamin E (200 mg/kg/bw), sodium metabisulfite (520 mg/kg/bw), and sodium meta-bisulphite (520 mg/kg/bw) was combined with vitamin E in 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/bw doses. Prescriptions were taken as gavage for 30 days. Blood samples were taken from animals to measure LH, FSH, estrogen and progesterone hormones. Ovaries were removed and follicles were counted after tissue sections.Results: The concentration of estrogen hormones, progesterone, LH, FSH and number of ovarian follicles in the groups receiving sodium meta-bisulphite and vitamin E alone was significantly lower than control group (P<0.05). In animals treated with sodium meta-bisulphite and vitamin E at 100 and 200 mg/kg/bw, no significant difference was observed. However, in animals which were simultaneously treated with meta-bi-sulfite sodium and vitamin E at dose 100 and 200 mg/kg, in compared with the control group, significant improvement was not observed.Conclusion: Sodium meta-bisulphite consumption with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of vitamin E can reduce the effect of sodium meta-bisulphite on ovarian follicles and sex hormones.

Background and Objective: Liver is an important organ with specific function in relation to drug metabolism. Haloperidol is a drug for the treatment of schizophrenia, mania in bipolar disorder and dizziness. This study was performed to determine the changes in tissue and hepatic enzymes in male rats born to mothers treated with haloperidol.Methods: In this experimental study, 25 adult female Wistar rats were allocated into 5 groups. The control group, the sham group and experimental groups 1, 2, 3. Dams in experimental groups 1, 2, 3 in the pregnancy period were received 12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg /bw of haloperidol for 21 days orally, respectively. The control groups were sham and three experimental, first, second and third experimental groups. Mothers of mice received 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg of haloperidol during the pregnancy as 21 days of gavage. At the end of pregnancy and 22 days of infant, all infants were weighed. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aspartate transaminase (AST), albumin and total protein were measured by autoanalysis and liver tissues were stained using hepatoxylin-eosin method.Results: The mean concentration of albumin and total protein in the second and third experimental groups significantly reduced in compare to control group (P<0.05). The mean concentration of AST in the second and third experimental groups significantly increased in comparsion with control group (P<0.05). The mean concentration of ALT and ALP in all experimental groups was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The mean of liver indices in all experimental groups was not significant in comparison with the control group. In the tissue samples of the experimental groups, necrosis was observed with increasing dosage.Conclusion: Haloperidol has been shown to increase liver enzymes and liver necrosis and increase liver necrosis in a dose-proportional manner.

Background and Objective: The consequence of excessive usage of phosphate fertilizers, in addition to the accumulation of phosphorous in excess, is to create competition with the absorption of micronutrients, especially zinc and, most importantly, the accumulation of pollutants such as cadmium in agricultural products. This study was done to determine the effect of Hydro-alcoholic extract of Curcumin on the levels of liver enzymes in rats treated with cadmium chloride.Methods: This experimental study was done on 56 adult male Wistar rats which allocated into 8 equal groups including control group: animals in this group were received normal saline, intraperitonally. Sham: animals in this group were received olive oil, intraperitonally. Cadmium group: animals in this group were received Cadmium with dosage 1.5 mg/kg/bw, intraperitonally. Curcumin group: animals in this group were received 120 mg/kg/bw of Curcumin, intraperitonally. The interventional group 1: animals in this group were received Cadmium with dosage 1.5 mg/kg/bw, and 30 mg/kg Curcumin, intraperitonally. The interventional group 2: animals in this group were received Cadmium with dosage 1.5 mg/kg/bw and 60 mg/kg/bw of Curcumin, intraperitonally. The interventional group 3: animals in this group were received Cadmium with dosage 1.5 mg/kg/bw and 120 mg/kg/bw of Curcumin, intraperitonally. After 21 days, the rats were sacrified and the liver enzymes including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured by spectrophotometer method.Results: The concentration of AST, ALT and ALP in cadmium group were significantly increased in compare to controls (P<0.05). The concentration of liver enzymes in Curcumin group was reduced in compare to controls (P<0.05). The enzymes concentration in the interventional groups 1, 2 and 3 were significantly reduced in compare to the cadmium group (P<0.05). The enzymes concentration in the interventional groups 1, 2 and 3 were significantly increased in compare to controls (P<0.05).Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic Curcumin extract can reduces the increasing of liver enzymes induced by cadmium in rats.

Background and Objective: Artificial sweeteners are chemical or natural substances used in foods and beverages. The aim of this study was to compare the glycemic control status before and after the use of artificial sweeteners with conventional nutrition in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 patients with type 2 diabetes (10 males and 20 females) whom referred to the endocrinology clinic in Tabriz in west of Iran. At the beginning of the study, patients were asked to refrain from using dietary supplements containing artificial sweeteners for three months and continue their usual diabetic diet. Then, each patient was received nutritional supplements containing artificial sweeteners including sugar, special biscuits and candy under a dietitian for three months.Results: Mean glucose level of fasting serum and serum glucose 2 hours after meals in patients during the second trimester increased significantly with the use of artificial sweeteners compared to the first three months (P<0.05). The mean fasting glucose in patients with diabetes mellitus was 121.33±25.3 mg/dl at the end of the first trimester and it was 152±42 mg/dl at the end of the second trimester. The mean serum glucose level increased from 164.44±44.44 mg/dl to 222±7.2 mg/dl 2 hours after meals. The mean of HbA1C in the first trimester was 6.89±0.9% and in the second quarter it was 7.4±1%.

Background and Objective: Spirituality refers to considering the cultural-religious beliefs of the people in the therapeutic process and taking into account the transcendental dimension of the clients who lead them to the transcendental source. This study was conducted to determine the effect of spirituality therapy on the resilience of women with breast cancer in Tehran, Iran.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on 30 women with breast cancer referred to the oncology and chemotherapy clinic in Tehran, Iran during 2016. Subjects were selected by available sampling method and then non-randomly divided into two groups of 15 intervention and control groups. The intervention group was subjected to psychological intervention during 11 sessions of 60 minutes and the control group did not receive intervention. Patients completed the Conner and Davidson resiliency questionnaire (2003) before and after the end of the treatment period.Results: The mean and standard deviation of the resiliency score of the intervention and control groups in the beginning of the study were 3.64±0.22 and 3.77±1.13, respectively. This rate was 4.30±0.41 and 3.68±0.1 in patients in intervention and control groups, respectively (P<0.05).Conclusion: Spiritual therapy intervention increased the resiliency of women with breast cancer.

Background and Objective: General anxiety disorder is one of the chronic disorders in the general population and population with clinical symptoms. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment based on acceptance and commitment in the treatment of women with generalized anxiety.Methods: This multi-faceted, single-subject interventional study was performed on four women with generalized anxiety disorder whom were refered to psychiatric center in Iran. The subjects were selected through targeted clinical sampling by structured diagnostic and clinical interviews based on DSM-V mental disorder diagnostic and diagnostic guidelines. The efficacy of the treatment protocol in three stages (baseline, 12 sessions and 6 week follow up) was assessed using the GAD-7 questionnaire, the Penn State worry questionnaire (PSWQ), and the general scale of anxiety severity and pain (OASIS).Results: Reduction of symptoms of general anxiety disorder, anxiety, anxiety and performance impairment in patients with generalized anxiety disorder were significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Combination therapy based on admission and commitment and coping techniques is effective in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder in women.

Background and Objective: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is considered as a metabolic disorder and it is one of the most common endocrine and heterogeneous disorders with complex pathogenesis among women in reproductive ages. This study was done to evaluate the accuracy of diagnosis of lipid accumulate product index (LAP), insulin resistance, waist circumference and waist to hip ratio in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Methods: In this case control study, antropometrics, biochemical parameters, LAP and insulin resistance in 43 women suffering from PCOS as case and 40 healthy women as control were measured. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) was determined for each subject. LAP was defined as [WC (cm) -58´TG (m mol/L)]. PCOS was diagnosed according to Roterdam standard. Insulin resistance was defined based on Homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).Results: The mean age, BMI, WHR and LAP index, among PCOS women were 24.06±5.86, 26.61±4.34, 0.81±0.061 and 47.13±4.13, respectively. There was a direct and significant correlation between HOMA-IR index and BMI, WC and LAP in case group (P<0.05). Statistical analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of LAP, BMI, WC and WHR were 46.93, 27.91, 93 and 0.81 respectively.Conclusion: The WC, BMI and LAP indices are useful in screening the insulin resistance in patients with PCOS.

Background and Objective: Stiffness and restricted range of movement (ROM) affect muscle balance and body alignment. The purpose of this research is the study the relationship between Iliopsoas tightness and hip active range of motion, extensor-flexor muscle strength and thoracolumbar curves.Methods: This case-control study was carried out on 15 adolescent's male soccer players with short length of Iliopsoas muscle as case group and 15 healthy adolescents witch matched based on age, height, weight, BMI, dominant leg and sport experience as control group. The range of motion was measured with universal goniometer, kyphosis and lordosis with flexible ruler and muscle strength with manual dynamometer.Results: The range of motion of the hip extension and the strength of the Iliopsoas muscle in the case group were statistically lower than the control group (P<0.05). The rate of lumbar lordosis and the ratio of gluteus maximus to the strength of the Iliopsoas muscle in the case group were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the range of motion of hip flexion, dyspnea kyphosis, and gluteus maximus muscle strength in the studied groups.Conclusion: Adolescents with Iliopsoas tightness have limited hip extension and greater lumbar lordosis and weaker Iliopsoas strength in comparison to healthy counterparts.

Background and Objective: Athletes suffer from poor physical fitness in some sports fields, which can cause long-term pain in their hands. This study was carried out to compare the musculoskeletal abnormalities in professional wushu athletes and wrestlers with non-athletes.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 30 wrestlers, 30 Wushu athletes and 30 non-athlete subjects in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. Kyphosis and lordosis angles evaluation was performed by using flexible ruler. Evaluation of forward head and forward shoulders perform from side view with digital cameras and angles analyzed by AutoCAD 2010 software.Results: The forward head in wushu athletes and wrestlers was significantly more than non-athletes (P<0.05). Also, forward shoulder in wrestlers and wushu athletes was significantly higher than nonathletes (P<0.05). In addition, kyphosis angle in wushu athletes and wrestlers were significantly higher than non-athletes. Also, Lordosis in wrestlers was higher than non-athletes (P<0.05). Uneven shoulder in wushu athletes was more than non-athletes (P<0.05).Conclusion: This study showed that head, shoulder and spine status can be influenced by type of sport.

Background and Objective: Considering the importance of coverage and quality of data in Golestan population-based Cancer Registry (GPCR), northern Iran. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the referral of cancer patients to medical centers outside Golestan province on the coverage of the population-based cancer registry program.Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on all cancer patients registered in the diagnostic centers of Golestan province, northern Iran during 2008-10. Data of patients referred to the centers of the province from the bank of the Golestan province cancer registry program and data of patients referred to the centers outside the province were received from the Ministry of Health Department of Cancer. Data were analyzed using the record linkage method.Results: A total of 6083 new cases of cancer were registered in Golestan province. According to the cancer data, 678 (11%) of them were referred to outside of Golestan province centers.343 of these 678 patients (50.6%) were found as duplicate records between the two datasets. The most frequent cases were gastric cancers (70.4%), breast (63.5%) and esophagus (62.5%).Conclusion: This study suggested that referrals of cancer patients to centers outside the Golestan province may result in an underestimation of about 5% in GPCR. This level of underestimation seems to have no considerable effects on completeness and quality of data in the GPCR.

Background and Objective: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common clinical condition with a mortality rate of 15-20%. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is known as an indicator in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with various diseases and malignancies. This study was conducted to determine the value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in the prognosis of death in patients with venous thromboembolism during the short term.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed on 93 hospitalized patients with spontaneous venous thromboembolism in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2012-15. Demographic, blood and biochemical parameters of the patients were evaluated in the prediction of fatal outcome in a follow-up of 30 days after thrombose diagnosis.Results: Sixteen patients (17.2%) died within 30 days. The variables of age, white blood cells, neutrophils, NLR, creatine kinase MB and lactate dehydrogenase significantly increased (P<0.05), and lymphocyte also platelet significantly reduced within the occurrence of death in a short period of 30 days follow up (P<0.05). A cut-off point of 7.21£NLR had sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 56.3%, 87%, 47.3% and 90.5%, respectively.Conclusion: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio can be used as a useful biomarker in the prediction of mortality during short periods of time in VTE patients.

Background and Objective: ECG is one of the most common diagnostic procedures. Errors related to incorrect placement of electrodes and/or inaccurate connection of them in their standard anatomical location will cause some changes in the ECG waves. These errors may cause therapeutic or diagnostic mismanagements. This study was done to determine the common errors in connection or placement of leads in standard electrocardiograms.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 315 patients admitted to an educational and therapeutic hospital in Gorgan, Iran during 2014. The recorded variables included the distance between the positions of the V1, V2, V5 and V6 leads from the standard location, the displacement of the left and right electrodes in bipolar limb lead I and the incorrect right and left connectivity of V1 and V2, the admission section, the urgency of ECGs and the patient's gender. The gender of ECG operator, the standard ECG voltage, staff shift, the average number of ECGs taken by the personnel, and the precise bonding of wires were observed. In the precordial leads, the distance of more than 2 centimetres from the standard leads location was considered as error threshold.Results: The misplacement errors were observed in 149 cases (47.3%). In 20 cases (13.42%) of ECGs, the standard voltage was not observed. The highest number of misplacement errors was observed in the V5 (30.2%). Misplacement errors showed a significant differences (P<0.05) for the patient gender (61.77%), the type of department (emergency department 61.67%), the non-urgent application (68.12%), and the average number of ECGs taken by personnel of 5 or less in each shift (11.67%).Conclusion: Patient's gender and emergency department are the most important factors in misplacement of precordial leads.

Background and Objective: Permanent first molars are susceptible to caries due to their particular anatomical form, early development and lack of knowledge of parents about their permanence. This study was conducted to determine the index of first permanent dental careis (DMF6) and some of its related factors in 12 year-old students.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 400 students (200 females and 200 males) using combined method (stratified and cluster sampling) from public and non-governmental schools in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2015-16. First permanent molar examination was carried out. The parents' education level, frequency of toothbrushing and daily consumption of sugarcontaining snack foods was recorded in a questionnaire. Each decayed, missing and filled first permanent molar tooth was given number one. These numbers were combined to compute the DMF6 index for each individual.Results: The DMF6 index was zero in 19.5% and the DMF6 index was determined to be between 1 and 4 in 80.5% of the children. The mean DMF6 index was 2.23±0.07 and significantly higher in girls (2.39±0.10) than in boys (2.07±0.11) (P<0.05). The DMF6 index decreased with increasing parental education and the frequency of brushing and reducing consumption of sugary meals.Conclusion: Dental caries prevalence among 12-years-old students in north of Iran is higher (2.23) than global standard until 2020 (lower than 1). Gender of child, parent’s education, frequency of toothbrushing and consumption of sugar-containing snack foods plays an important role in the rate of dental caries.

Background and Objective: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common chronic bacterial infections all over the world, particularly in the developing countries. LeoA gene plays an important role in pathogenesis, and the main role of this gene is to increase the bacterial toxin secretion. This study was conducted to isolate and clone the leoA gene in a pEGFP-C2 expression vector and evaluate its expression in eukaryotic system.Methods: In this laboratory study, the leoA gene was amplified from the standard strain of Helicobacter pylorigenome (ATCC 43504) by PCR method. It was then inserted into the pTZ vector by cloning T/A. Sub cloning of this gene was performed in a pEGFP-C2 expression vector with a ligase enzyme. The final structure of pEGFP-C2-leoA was transformed by electroporation in CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells and the expression of the leoA gene was evaluated by SDS-PAGE and RT-PCR.Results: The results of PCR indicated that the 1758 bp fragment was amplified from the leoA gene.Cloning of this gene was performed successfully in pTZ and pEGFP-C2 vectors, respectively. The enzyme digestion with two KpnI and SacII enzymes, as well as sequencing, confirmed the accuracy of gene cloning. The observation of the protein product of the leoA gene in CHO cells indicated the successful expression of the LeoA gene in the eukaryotic system ofHelicobacter pylori.Conclusion: The final construct of pEGFP-C2-leoA had a successful expression of the leoA gene in animal cells.

Background and Objective: Mupirocin is a secreted antibiotic inhibitor of Isoleucine-tRNA, a bacterial synthetase that is used against yellow wounds from Streptococcus pyogenic and Staphylococcus aureus. This study was carried out to determine the plasmid resistance of mupirocin in Staphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from clinical specimens of the skin of hospital employees and hospitalized patients.Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 150 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens of the skin of patients and employees of three hospitals in Qom, Iran during 2014-15. In order to confirm the identity of Staphylococcus aureus isolates, conventional biochemical methods were used. Also, PCR of srRNA16 was used for molecular confirmation of isolates. The presence of mupA (iles-2) and mupB plasmid genes was investigated using PCR method and AluI enzyme digestion plan was performed for them. Disc diffusion method was used to demonstrate resistance to mupirocin.Results: Seven isolated samples (4.66%) were resistant to mupirocin. All Mupirocin-resistant isolates possessed PCR-positive mupacysin mupirocidal genes (iles-2) and mupB, and all plasmid genes were resistant to all resistant specimens. Genotyping of mupB gene was able to isolate samples from patients and staff as well as male and female.Conclusion: The prevalence of mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin specimens was low.