Yafteh
Year:2004 | Volume:5 | Issue:19|Papers Count:11

Introduction: The burden of psychiatric disorders in the developed countries has identified by the screening questionnaires and standard clinical interviews at a high level, but the epidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders in our country are brief and their numbers are few. Planning for providing essential mental health services to the people requires us to be knowledgeable about the present status of psychiatric disorders in The society. The objective of this research was to carry out the epidemiological study of the psychiatric disorders in the individuals who were 18 years old and above in urban and rural areas in 1380 of Lorestan province.Materials & Methods: 546 individuals were selected through randomized systematic and clustered sampling methods from among the existing families of Lorestan province, clinical psychologist completed the Schedule for Affective Disorders, and Schizophrenia (SADS) questionnaires. The diagnosis of the disorders based on DSM-IV classification criteria. Findings: The results of the study showed that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province was 19.05 percent, which was 23.81 percent in the women, and 14.29 percent in the men. The anxiety and mood disorders with 12.46 and 3.48 percent had the higher prevalence in the province respectively. The prevalence of psychotic disorders in this study was 1.48 percent, neuro- cognitive disorders were 1.47 percent and dissociative disorders 0.18 percent. In the group of mood disorders, major depression with 2.20 percent and in the group of anxiety disorders, generalized anxiety disorder with 5.68 percent had the higher prevalence.Conclusion: This study showed that 11.36 percent of individuals that studied suffered from minimum one of the psychiatric disorders. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the province among the individuals in the age group of 26-40 with 14.57 percent, divorced or separated individuals with 25 percent, residents of Khorramabad city 14.85 percent, higher educated individuals 19.51 percent and retired individuals 18.75 percent was more than other individuals in the sample Being aware of this matter reveals the responsibility of the health policy makers and programmers ,prevention treatment and medical education more then before in relation to preparing application and executive pains in Lorestan province mental health.

Introduction: Verotoxins are subunit toxins, that involved in pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Early studies of cytotoxicity on tumor cells and some human cancers indicated that verotoxin1 effective in (in vitro) and laboratory animals. Because of specific receptors on studied tumor cells, verotoxin1 exerts selective cytotoxicity.Our purpose is purification of verotoxin1 from verotoxigenic E.coli, to study cytotoxic effects of verotoxin1 and Monophosphoryl lipidA (MPL) on MCF-7 cells.Materials & Methods: Toxin production in five verotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli was screened by Verotoxin-producing E.coli-Reverse passive latex agglutination test (VTEC-RPLA kit ,Oxoid,Co,Ltd) and then purified by affinity chromathography of receptor glycolipid (P1 blood group antigen). Then MCF-7 cells treated with serial dilutions of verotoxin1 and MPL in separate and combined forms. Viability (Dye exclusion method) and fragmentation of treated cells was studied.Findings: Our results indicate that MCF-7 cells have susceptibility to verotoxin1, and 33 nanograms of toxin per Milliliter have cytotoxic dose 50% on treated cells. And DNA fragmentation studies indicate evidences of apoptosis. Whereas MPL is a non toxic derivative of lipopolysaccharide that have synergistic activity on cytotoxicity of verotoxin1. Conclusion: Antitumoral effects of verotoxin1 have been shown for several years, but scientists interesting on discovery of agents that have synergistic effects with known antitumorals. MPL is one of the microbial metabolites that we report its synergistic antitumoral effect with verotoxin1 against MCF-7 cells.

introduction: Suicide with plaster is a new and strange way of suicide which has been only committed in Lorestan province and its vicinity out skirts which have been occurred in recent years .Concerning the points of unclear border of this issue; characteristics of victims; patient's sign and symptoms, management, suitabecuring way, a study case has been done.Materials & Methods: This study considers the patients who had eaten plaster and been rushed to the Shohaday-e Ashaer Hospital of khorramabad from 1997-2000. The research method was cross- sectional and performed on 40 patients by using a questionaire cantaining a variety of questions about demographic situation of sick person, signs & symptoms, remedy techniques, and outcome.37.5% of patients were women and 42.5% were men, the most people who had attempted to suicide with plaster were teenagers (45%).This suiciding still has in summer time. And the majority of patient were students (%3705).Half of victims have been treated .to gastric washing by normal slain and among 20 patients only one person needed a surgery. The number of patients who (that) needed operation were7, totally.(laparatomy, gastrotmy, excision of plaster mass-gastroraphy ) Half of the patients were any signs & symptoms, but in symptomstic patients abdominal pain was the most common symptom and abdominal mass was the commonest sign (17.005), and just one case was death, that intoxicated with organophosphate poisoning at the same time .Conclusion: It seems gastric washing by 2 lit of normal slain immediately at the beginning of treatment, the applying conservative management and flowing up by daily examinations and taking plain abdominal X-RAY consecutively, is suitable cure method to save such patients, and surgery is just used for patients who have signs of intestinal and gastric obstruction or mass-abdomen.

Introduction: Lead intoxication in children has been associated with neurodevelopment disabilities that may result in motor and cognitive impairment. The aim of the present study is to evaluate in long term effects of prenatal exposure to low-level Pb2+ on learning, memory and EEG.Materials & Methods: Rat pregnant were exposed to distilled water or=0.05, 0.1, 0.2% of Pb-acetate in the drinking water during of pregnancy. Behavioral analysis was carried out in male offspring by using one way active avoidance. The numbers of electric shock was detected as an index of learning and memory of rats. At 60 days of age (active avoidance learning) and at 90 days of age (memory) behavioral assessment was measured. Then the rats were implanted with electrodes in sensorimotor regain. After a recovery period, EEG was also recorded.Findings: Lead acetate was no affected on learning but dose of 0.1% which was affected on memory of rats (No. of shocks 5.185±0.98%) compared to the control (No. of, shocks 1.667± 0.62%). This finding also showed that lead acetate (p<0.05) only decreases of memory ability.Except an increase in the delta waves, there was no any statistical significant on EEG spectral power between test and control groups.Conclusion: In this research the lead acetate was no affected on EEG. The results showed that using dose of 0.1% lead acetate was affected on behavior and decrease of memory ability of tested rats.

Introduction: Coagulation disorders are among the diseases which afflict people and result in the death of a great number of them. Bleeding and increase of coagulation most of the time are endangers for many patients. The aim of this research was determination of PTT in urban population of Khorramabad.Materials & Methods: Through this study among 20-60 years old population living in Khorramabad city, 298 cases with no specific disease during testing, having negative history about coagulation or hemorrhagic disorders and in the mean time giving negative anti- coagulant drug history, were selected to detect their PTT value. All experiments have been done by Tilt- Tube Test at a reference lab through standard methods. More ever in order to reduce avaluation errors, all samples were tested by just a single person during the research time.Findings: In this study 298 individuals were experimented (l49F, 149M). Incoming results showed that mean PTT value and its confidence limit in men were 13.44 sec &33.97-34091 respectively.In women, above PTT values were 34.59 sec & 34.97-35.12 respectively. In all samples, the mean PTT value equals 34.51 sec & 34.16-34.86 respectively.Comparing PTT value results in Khorramabad city showed that these values are significantly lower than those mentioned in reference books (pv<0.005).Conclusion: It is recommended that mean PTT value gained in this study should be presented to Khorramabad labs for their use.

Introduction: Women with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have a much higher incidence of early pregnancy complications these include spontaneous miscarriages, early growth delay, and congenital malformations. Most of the investigations have been devoted to the early post implantation and organogenesis period of pregnancy. In this research we studied the hyperglycemia or metabolic insult on the quality and quantity index of rat pre implantation embryo.Materials & Methods: The rats were divided to test group (n=60) and to control group (n=60).The test group was made hyperglycemic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) for to three days. They keep with male rats in one cage. Mating was confirmed by the present of a vaginal plug as first day of pregnancy. Embryos were harvested by cervical dislocation and the uterine horns were flushed by M2 media on second, third, and fourth day after plug observation. The cleavage rate and the number of embryos were comparing by ANOVA and the qualities of embryos were comparing by chi-square in both groups.Results: The cleavage rate in diabetic groups decreased (P<0.001) as 63% in compare to 94.8% of embryos reach to 2 cell stage on the second day of pregnancy and 38.1% in compare to 52.2% of embryo on the third day have reach to 4 cell stage and 8.5% in compare to 78.2% of embryo on the pourth have reached to morula in normal and diabetic groups respectively. The number of embryos with best quality increased (P<0.0001)from 95.5% to 74.5% on second day and from 94.1% to 47.5% on third day three and from 88.9% t6 8.5% on fourth day in normal group in compare to.diabetic group respectively.Conclusion: IDDM in rat pregnancy mothers will causes significantly abnormality in quality of embryo as fragmentation and decrease in the number of embryo in compare to normal groups on the second day, third day, and fourth day of preimplantation period.

Introduction: Complications of zinc poisoning are analyzed in several studies. Among these, pulmonary fibrosis is reported. There is some doubts about chronic complications of zinc inhalation. Precise screening programs in zinc mine workers need previous knowledge of relative frequency of chronic complications due to zinc inhalation. So this study is held to recognize the complications and to find appropriate screening tests.Materials & Methods: Based on a Descriptive study, 400 zinc mine workers near the city of Isfahan were examined and laboratory data were collected.Findings: Mean duration of working was 8.2 years. About 36% of workers suffered from Diastolic hypertension (PB > 80 mmHg). 22% of workers complained of exertional dyspnea but pulmonary function tests abnormality was about 9%. Mean level of zinc serum was 7.99 µgr/dl and zinc toxicity was detected in 13% of them.Density of 13% zinc toxicity and hypertension of 36% is a complication of zinc toxicity in cardiovascular system. Respiratory complications due to zinc inhalation are seen as restrictive pulmonary lesions.Conclusion: The main screening should be focused on monthly blood pressure measurement and measurement of lungs capacity and yearly measurement of zinc in urine and red blood cells.

Introduction: Bioassay is necessary for assessment of pollution. Because physical and chemical taste are not enough for assessment of potential effects on water ecosystem. Bioassay tests have alot of scientific value inanition doing of them is easy and need less time, also need less, space, laboratory equipment"s and expenditure. Therefore such tests have found special attention in water pollution control measure. So whit determine of effluent toxicity and survey of its effects on water ecosystem by bioassay method, can determine the degree and the kind of treatment that are necessary to having optimum condition for water ecosystem. In this research survey of indicator toxicity of Isfahan south wastewater treatment by daphnia magna has been studied.Materials and methods: In this study experiments were done on samples of wastewater that has been taken from Isfahans south wastewater treatment (samples has been taken from four place, influent raw wastewater, before and after primary settling tank and after secondary settling tank).Primary daphnia were couch from there living sites, then one of them were cultured alone, after infants of primary daphnia were used for culture in large amount. After preparing necessary dilution of wastewater samples by doing necessary experiments LC50-48-h toxic unit, efficiency of different units and total of waste water treatment plant were determined.Findings: Results reveal that LC50-48-h of influent wastewater is 30% (v/v) and toxic unit is 3.33 and LC50-48-h of wastewater before primary (after preliminary treatment) settling tank, after primary settling tank and after secondary settling tank was determined 32%, 85% and 32% (v/v) respectively, that was on the basis acute toxic unit (ATU) 3.125, 1.92, and 1.76 respectively, efficiency of preliminary treatment in reducing toxicity were determined 6% and efficiency of primary treatment secondary treatment and whole of treatment plant in reducing toxicity were determined 38.4%,8% and 50% respectively.Conclusion: Data of this research show that bioassay are necessary for assessment of wastewater and control of water pollution, So bioassay can be used as a suitable method for assessment of effect and efficiency of different treatment units and control of toxicity as base information for monitoring of effluent and due to increasingly developing of wastewater treatment systems in Iran.That is necessary appropriate strategy be under taken to monitoring the effluent. The result of this research and same research can be useful.

Introduction: Children of war veterans with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) are the subjects of continues indirect war-related trauma. Furthermore, identification with their fathers predisposes them to similar behavioral disturbances. So, evaluation of mental health and social development would be necessary to identify their psychological problems and plan more targeted interventions for solving these problems.Materials & Methods: Using three self-administered questionnaires, this descriptive, cross - sectional study was carried out to compare aggression, anxiety and social development in adolescent children of war veterans and those of nonveterans (in Isfahan high schools). The two groups were matched regarding sex, academic achievement, grade of high school and family income.Findings: After controlling the level of parental education (as confounding variable), aggression& anxiety in adolescent children of war veterens with PTSD was significantly higher than the other group (P<0.05) but the two groups showed no significant difference in social development.Conclusion: The higher rate of anxiety & aggression among children of war veterans with PTS0 along with many other factors such as low socioeconomic status in this group, signifies the importance of mental health screening programs & appropriate interventions in this group.

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis, and Neonatal septiemia are terms that have been used to describe the systemic response to infection in newborn infants.Sepsis can affect neonatal metabolism and the level of blood sugar.The aim of this study is to assess the prevalance of "Hypoglycemia" in neonates with primarydiagnosis of sepsis in neonatal ward and NICU of khorrammabad pediatric hospital on the admission time, during a six month period.Findings: 43 neonates were selected as the sample size. 34 neonates were negative BC (79.1%), 9 cases were positive BC (20.9%). 7 neonates were hypoglycemic (16.3%). The assessment of hypoglycemic neonates showed that:All of them were in 0-7 days of age group (100%). 6 neonates (85.7%) were males and 1 of them (14.3%) was fmale.85.7% of neonates were below 2500 gr which are known as "Low Birth Weight" neonates. 5 patients of hypoglycemic neonates were poor feeding and the decrease of neonatal reflexes (71.4%).The most common neuroglycopenic component was apnea (71.4%) and no significant relationship observed between hypoglycemia and positive blood culture.Conclusion: Although, hypoglycimia is one of sepsis complications but the diagnosis of hypoglycemia in sepsis is only established by diagnostic laboratory assessment (16.3%) and then management is followed by laboratory findings; so treatment of patients with diagnosis of NS with hypertonic glcose (serom D/W 10% or more) confine to cases which hypoglycemia has approved by lab BS exam as soon as possible.