Iranian Journal of Trade Studies
Year:2007 | Volume:11 | Issue:42|Papers Count:14

Since some decades ago, capital flows has been increased from developed countries to developing countries. Some economists believe that the less stringent environmental regulations in developing countries than those in developed countries have played the main role in the capital flows of the world. Based on this attitude, which calls pollution haven hypothesis (PHH), developing countries are the favorite place to hold pollution industries. Therefore, in this paper, the PHH is evaluated for Iran by employing the trade pattern and net export trend between Iran and OECD countries for polluting and clean products from 1999 to 2003. The result indicates that the PHH is rejected in Iran.

Ever increasing and mismanagement of gasoline consumption in Iran has caused deficiency in gasoline production, so that the country has confronted with problems in providing this product and has been obliged to import it. Therefore, estimating the demand function for gasoline and studying the factors affecting gasoline consumption are very important. The period of this research is 1967-2003. In this research by using the cointegration method of Johansen-Juselius, the long-term relationship and the error correction model, which specifies the system's short-term dynamics, have been estimated. The results show that the demand for gasoline is inelastic with respect to its price and income; it means that gasoline is an essential goods. Therefore, nonprice and nonincome factors have a particular impact on gasoline consumption. The error correction coefficient, which determines the speed of adjustment, has an expected and significant negative sign. The results indicate that deviation from the long-term gasoline consumption is corrected by approximately 51 percent in the following year.

During the last decade, market orientation (MO) has received a great deal of attention from marketing scholars. Despite the continual assertion that MO is positively related to business performance (BP) and more customer-oriented and market-oriented organization forces, systematic inquiries for a richer understanding of the construct have been rarely done_ particularly in Iranian environment. So the aim of this research is investigation of relationship between MO and business performance in Iranian environment.This study in view of method is a survey and descriptive research and is based on correlation. This study has been accomplished among auto-parts maker firms that are located in Mashhad city. Several studies about MO were investigated and a new model was extracted. Two questionnaires were designed for collecting data. The X of X has been used for determining of questionnaire’s validity. The pretest has been done on 14 companies for determining the reliability and Coronbach’s Alpha. So the coefficient was calculated 0.97 for MO’s questionnaire and 0.94 for BP’s questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient, analysis of Pearson correlation, R2 coefficient, multiple regressions, variance analysis and the test of correlation coefficient were applied for analysis of data. The results of this research illustrate that there is a positive relationship between MO and BP. This study proposes managers to apply the market orientation in their firms for improvement of their business performance.

Marketing strategy in the e-Markets is a new and important concept of marketing research. There are many approaches about the e-marketing strategy but these concepts and approaches are very new in our country and there are a few researches on e-marketing strategies in the Iranian companies. So it is very important to survey these issues because of the trend of e-commerce development in our country. Developing the new strategic views in the marketing and business will help the companies to develop their competitiveness. The results of this study show that marketing in the e-markets are: Transactional marketing strategy, data-base marketing strategy, relational marketing Strategy and Knowledge based marketing strategy. The Analyzing of the IMI 100 companies shows that many of these companies select transactional marketing strategy and this kind of marketing strategy is not suitable for the new economy.

This article aims to study the feasibility of trade among OIC member countries as one the aspects of integration .It contains the regional arrangements, geographical areas and non-oil trade of OIC members based on the 21 section of HS. It uses the ex-post data (exports and imports) of 56 OIC members during 1999-2003 based on Drysdel's proposed model.The result show that OIC members have on average a complementarity trade coverage of about 40.8 percent. However, their tariff barriers on average account for about 14 percent. If this situation continues, the trade opportunities among OIC members may decline. The results also indicate that lower industrial tariff barriers in the form of different preferential tariff plans especially by member of D8 and TPS could increase the trade volume among them. Given the percentage of complementarity trade coverage and low tariffs of the Islamic countries in West Asia and Middle East, a free trade agreement could be a proposed mechanism for realization of ICM in these regions.

Global economy is moving from traditional business to digitalization, and electronic commerce is explicit sign of this movement. Electronic commerce is a general concept that is defined as a process of conducting business through information technology. Determining maturity of organizations in applying of information technology at their business is very important, because, they can determine their eCommerce maturity and eCommerce training needs. This paper is the result of an exploring research that includes three parts; first explores research literature of eCommerce maturity, second presents eCommerce maturity model for Iran and third, explores some conclusions and recommendations for enhancing Iran's industrial companies in applying of eCommerce.

Electronic approval is the ratification of transactions via electronic communication instruments, particularly through Internet. Preparing the ground for concluding the transaction, e.g. introducing the goods, accomplishing the negotiations, and finally transmission of offer and acceptance in a documentary environment and in a manner almost free of charges and ceremonies; also possibility of automatic ratification, are some advantages of electronic approval in comparison to other ways of doing it. This paper is devoted to review of electronic transactions Ratification. So, validity of electronic ratification of contract, required essential conditions for its drawing up, automatic approval of transactions by computer program, the time of contract’s electronic approval, and shrink wrap licenses are closely examined. This study shows that from the legal viewpoint, electronic ratification is not a preference for a transaction; hence a transaction concluded electronically does not legally differ from contracts concluded otherwise. Difficulties subsisting in ratification, recognition and validity of other ways of transacting, more or less persist in this kind of drawing up a contract.

This paper considers the role of social capital in creation of human capital. In recent years, researchers have studied relationship between the two and they have obtained the positive effect of social capital on the human capital. In this paper we provide the evidence that shows investing in human capital has declined. On the other hand, the data of crimes show social capital was decreasing. Our results show that declining in social capital has caused investing in human capital to decrease.

Some authors believe that entrepreneurship is the engine of economic growth and core symbol of innovation. Therefore, theoretical aspects of entrepreneurship are enhanced in universities and practical manifestation of it in industry and service sector in recent decades. In entrepreneurship literature, there are various approaches, strategies and alternatives for promoting entrepreneurship. One of the important approaches is government interventions based on its regulative, cognitive and normative role in promoting entrepreneurship. In this paper, we investigate these roles and suggest some recommendations for enhancing entrepreneurship in Iran.

Payoffs from information technology (IT) continue to generate interest and debate both among academicians and practitioners. The extant literature cites sample characteristics, subject characteristics, and research structure among the reasons some studies have shown contradicting results in establishing a relationship between IT investment and firm performance. In this paper we examine variables that affect IT payoff through a meta-analysis of 585 firm-level empirical studies between 1976 and 2004. Employing variance analysis, correlation coefficient and independent samples t-test, we present statistical evidence of the characteristics that discriminate between IT payoff studies that observed different effects of IT on firm’s performance. The results indicate that the sample size, data source (firm-level or secondary), industry and the sector in which the study is conducted, the extent of country development, and researcher’s field influence the likelihood of the study finding greater improvements on firm performance. The choice of the dependent and independent variable (s), the year in which data are gathered, and the type of statistical analysis conducted, also appear to influence the outcome. Finally, we present implications of the findings and recommendations for future research.