Yafteh
Year:2004 | Volume:6 | Issue:22|Papers Count:12

Background: Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are integral components of articular cartilage and they have important role to the physiologic and mechanical properties of this tissue. Glucosamine is acting as the precursor of the disaccharide unit in glucosaminoglycans (GAGs) of CartilageMaterials and method: The use of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis has been always a subject of controversy. the whole nutraceutical industry is essentially unregulated, with manufacturers making outrageous claims on products that have never been tested accurately at all, and they have poor quality, and occasionally lacking in any active ingredient, however; for the nutriceutical evaluated here, there is abundant in vitro, in vivo, (animal clinical, and human) clinical evidence of both their efficacy and safety.Results: They deserve a prominent place in the armamentarium of nonsurgical treatment of osteoarthritis.Abundant basic science evidence suggests that glucosamine and chonddroitin sulfate should be beneficial in the treatment of osteoarthrits. A growing body of veterinary and human clinical evidence shows that they are effective in reducing the symptoms of arthritis in both animals and humans.Conclusion: However, after the Diagnosis of osteoarthritis is made, these two nutraceuticals deserve a first line position in the symptomatic management of the disease with the potential for disease and even structural modification. 400 mg of glucosamine daily or 1500 mg orally should be taken for at least one month.

Background: By the respect of some difficulties that were produced by high population we must have some information about methods that can control population.Materials and methods: In this investigation the effects of Achillea millefolium L.extract on spermatogenesis in adult Balb/ C mice were studied. The alcoholic (ethanolic) extract of flowers was prepared. The lethal (LD50) and sublethal dose was determined 1.7 g/kg/bw and 1.2g/kg/bw respectively and it was injected to the 28-32 g mice for 5 days. Inspite of experimental group we used intact and sham (received only vehicle) groups. The mice were sacrificed under light ether anesthesia two weeks after the last dose Blood samples were taken. The testes and epididymis wer excised, weighed and fixed in Bouin s fixative. The tissues were prepared for histological experiments.Results: In this investigation no difference significant in body weight or in testis weight, volume and diameter was seen. Microscopic studies of testis showed a significant reduction in primary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa but no changes in seminiferous tubules diameter, Sertoli and Leydig cells were seen (p< 0.05). Histological examination of seminiferous tubules revealed a general derangement and severe reducation in the number of germinal cells. Apoptosis was seen in seminiferous tubules. Many immature spermatids were visualized in the lumem of the ductus epididymides of treated animals. This Was accompained by a concomitant reduction in the levels of the LH and testosterone.Conclusion: The results of this work suggest that the extract of this plant may have a temporary antifertile activity in adult male animals.

Background: Detection of fetal sex is valuable for parents. The aim of this study was detection of fetal sex in suspect cases recessive related to sex disease in first trimester of pregnancy.Material and method: After collecting C.V samples and separating from mother"s samples, their DNAs have been extracted, then doing PCR, finally the sex of them detected. Also, after increase in sensitivity of system will be able to detection sex of a cell that obtain by PCR. A statistical analysis was made using the fisher test.Results: sex of 74 samples chronic villous detected by PCR only success to relate with many family for following, but also the sex was correct. After increasing in sensitivity of system, detected the sixteen fetuses that was in different stage cellular.Also detected two unfertilized ovum and fertilized ovum but no divided.Conclusion: Sex detection of fetus before delivery, in first trimester of pregnancy will be preventing to new born patient babies, and also decrease the love and relation between mother and her newborn. It can be used in detection of recessive sex related disease in IVF cases for sex detecting and transfer female fetus to her mother. Another application is for control of population. This optimized molecular which designed based on amelogenin target, detect sex in blood samples C.V single cell PCR with high sensitivity & specificity.

Background: Listeria monocytogenes has been identified as a serious food-borne pathogen. There is concern that raw dairy products maybe source of listeria strains responsible for human listeriosis. The aim of this study was determination of listeria from daily products which transferred to laboratory of food stuffs in Lorestan.Materials and Methods: In this study 720 different dairy samples sent to the food stuffs control laboratory were analyzed for the presence of listeria spp. A series of test including catalase production, CAMP test, VP and fermentation of xy lose and manitol were used for listeria identification. Finally antimicrobic resistance was determined.Results: Listeria monocytogenes was found in 9.72% of the samples and listeria innocua and listeria seeligeri were found in 5.83% and 1.11% of the samples, respectively. There were not any other isolated of listeria In the antibiogram, all of isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin; co-trimoxazole, and gentamycin and 5 isolates were resistant to erythromycin.Conclusion: In view of that dairy products were ready to eat and there were possibility of contaminated by listeria spp. So, isolation and diagnosis of this in dairy products is important.

Background: A progestogen-only contraceptive is using of Medroxy progesterone acetate, which prevent-inhibits ovulation for several months. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in metabolic parameters after three and six month use of Depot Medroxy progesterone Acetate (DMPA) in female volunteers.Materials and methods: Triglyceride, Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol and LDL cholesterol of the twenty one of volunteers for DMPA acceptors for the first time in the Hamedan Shohada infirmary, were detected every three-month. The data were analyzed using repeated measurement ANOVA by statistical package of SPSS.Results: The results showed a significant decrease in serum Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol (P<0.00l) also, HDL-cholesterol was increased (P=0.045), but there were no statistically significant changes in serum Triglyceride during 6 months of DMPA injection.Conclusion: It can be concluded, there is no risk of arteriosclerosis for DMPA users, however, monitoring the lipid profile annually in women using DMPA for long duration is suggested.

Background: Hemiscorpius lepturus is one of the dangerous scorpions in the world and also in Iran. This kind of scorpion in southern provinces, especially in Khoozestan, has been responsible for stinging a lot of people that resulted in long-standing and dangerous side effects and sometimes mortality. As the study of the effects of this scorpion venom on some laboratory animals can determine the action mechanism and help us to cure people stung by scorpion. So this study has been done on the effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus venom on pathologic change of Rat organs.Materials and methods: An experimental study has been done on 101Rats of the same race with approximate age of 2-3 months, and 200-250gr weight. They were divided to groups, control and experimental.0.1cc physiology serum was injected to everyone of the control group skin and 0.1cc physiology serum with one microlitre of fresh Hemiscorpius lepturus venom to everyone of experimental group. Then the local changes or ulcers, before and after injection, have been analyzed by statistical test of Fisher exact test. The tissues of liver, kidney and spleen were removed in autopsy and they were studied and compared by microscope to determine their pathologic changes.Results: The results of study have shown that the injection of Hemiscorpius lepturus veniom into rat skins caused the ulcers in 55% of them, 70.6% pathoiogic changes were occurred in liver, 35.3% in kidney and 27% in spleen. The pathologic changes in these organs, inclusing haemorrage, congestion, necrosis were from were from severe to mild.Conclusion: The heiscorpius lepturus venom has some effects on skin injury or ulcer and pathologic changes in liver, kidney and spleen of rats. The study of skin injuries and pathologic changes in different organs on human cases in Biopsy and Autopsy call lead to diagnosis of the effect of this venom on human being and consequently suitable cure for the injured.

Background: Intravenous cannulation is one of the most common painful procedures that is being used as a routine part of primary care or during diagnostic workups. This procedure is an invasion to physical and psychological space of children and it's pain must be managed. This clinical trial has been conducted to determine and compare the effects of two music and Hay - Ho Rhythmic Breathing techniques on pain severity during intravenous cannulation in children 6-12 years old.Materials and methods: A convenience sample of 30 outpatient thalasemic children in Khoramabad Madani Hospital were chosen and studied as a single group.Data collection tools consisted of a questionnaire about demographic data and two scales, namely the Oucher the CHEOPS scale measuring child responses to pain during intravenous cannulation. Each subject was studied in three consecutive visits for transfusion.  In the first visit, intravenous cannulation was performed with routine method (without any distraction method), in the second visit, with music distraction and in the third visit, with Hay-Ho rhythmic breathing technique.Results: Results indicated that, based on the two scales, pain severity during intravenous cannulation routine method was moderate and in music distraction and Hay-Ho -rhythmic breathing was mild. In addition, results inddicated that pain severity during intravenous connulation with music distraction and Hay-Ho rhythmic breathing was less than routine method (P<0.0005) and in music distraction method had the least pain severity during intravenous cannulation.Conclusion: It is suggested that nursing department use this method during intravenous cannulation in children; so that this method decrease the negative effect of pain and develop the life of patient children.

Background: The flukes liver is common parasite of human and livestock that has effect on loss of economic. The human is final host parasites that infected of flukes liver. The fluke is a significant human health problem and damage liver of human.Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was performed in the livestock of slaughtered in the slaughter house in Khormabad and 2912 livers of livestock were inspection.Results: The results show rates infection in goats, sheep's and cows with liver flukes was 8.6%, 8.2% and 7.9% respectively. And also infection rate was in 9.3% in-female herbivorous and 8% in male herbivorous respectively.Conclusion: in view of infection rate in flukes liver and loss of economic it is necessary to be industrialization in forage for nourishing of animals.

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia is a common and usually a benign problem of neonates that affect on 80% immature and 60% term of them. Oral administration of nonabsorbable substances that bind to bilirubin in the intestinal lumen and reduce enteric absorption of bilirubin may reduce peak serum bilirubin. Activated charcoal agar and cholestramin have been used but further study of this type of therapy is needs. In this study we assess efficacy of oral Taranjabin (mann), one of the traditional treatment in our area, in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted in 86 neonates (41 and 45 newborns respectively in case and control groups). Subjects were selected among full term neonates whose weight were over 2500 gram and non of them suffered from any-risk factor such as hemolysis, sepsis etc. case group (41 neonates) received oral suspension 30gr of Taranjabin 1 cc/kg q12hr pluses phototherapy and control group put under phototherapy alone. Blood sample were taken from them before treatment and once every 24 hours. Data were analyzed by SPSS variance test and T-test software. Results: Results showed that there were no significant between two groups in total bilirubin level in the first and second day after Taranjabin administration and in hospitalization period in both groups (p=0.04%).Conclusion: The efficacy of phototherapy in decreasing the serum bilirubin in neonatal jaundice cannot be augmented by oral Taranjabin, on the contrary of peoples' belief.

Background: Double ureter is one of the anomaly of urethra that appears complete or incomplete. Incomplete duplication of ureter is known as bifid ureter, this kind of anomaly may be formed due to some error or disturbance in development of the ureteric bud which arises from the mesonephric duct around the 5th week. The ureteric bud grows and penetrates in to the metanephric tissue at about 32 cond day. However, sometimes the ureteric bud may divide before penetrating the metanephric tissue thus, giving rise to a bifid ureter having a single opening in to the bladder. According to recent studies (in the year 2000) on an average 3% excretory urograms show ureteral duplication, and the reference book of Grant's range it around 0.5%. Case report: The present report is a rare case of a male cadaver aged about 65 years which has been dissected for medical students in department of anatomy. In dissection of abdominal cavity we have found that both kidneys including the liver, spleen, renal veins and inferior vena cava are unexpectedly has become enlarged, also we have recognized that the left ureter has been doubled and it ran to the rime of the true pelvis, then it joined together and connected to the bladder. The right ureter however, was completely normal, but the pelvis has been doubled instead. Conclusion: The majority of the investigations have reported this anomaly in association with other disease conditions but the present case is the unilateral incomplete bifid ureter & pelvis were associated with no other abnormality. The possible embryological reasons for the formation of bifid ureter are discussed.