Pathobiology Research
Year:2000 | Volume:3 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Kindling epileptigenesis was induced by repeated administrations of the chemical convulsant pentylenetetrazol (PTZ).The progressive nature of the chemical kindling was demonstrated by a detailed description of the behavioral sings in the course of the kindling acquistion. The Changes of Paired-Pulse Index (PPI) were primariliy investigated with extracellular recording in stratum pyramidale following stimulation of Schaffer collaterals in the CA1 region of hippocampus of the PTZ-Kindled and the control rats. The results were as follow:(1) in most of the kindled rats the first stimulus evoked a double population spike at moderate and high stimulus .intensities:(2) 40-100 hours after the kindling no significant difference was observed between the control and the kindled rats, and (3) 30-33 days after the kindling PPI was increased in the kindled rats at IPI of 10 and 20 ms with low and moderate stimulus intensities as compared with the control ones. It seems that an increase in PPI may be resulted from an enhancement of excitatory synaptic transmission and/or an increase in intrinsic excitability of pyramidal neurons of hippocampal CAI.

Visceral Leishmaniosis cases (Kala-Azar) have been increased in borderline of Iran and Republic of Azerbaijan in recent years. There were no practical information on the causes and vectors or this disease in the region. This study was designated in order to focus on various aspects or the vectors including; fauna, seasonal activity, host preference, collecting methods as well as infection of the vectors with the parasite.Using sticky traps, CDC light traps and direct collections, it was found that the following species are present in the region: Ph. perfiliewi, Ph. sergenti, Ph. papatasi, Ph. tobbi, Ph. major, Ph. halepnsis, Ph. alexandri, Ph. balcanicus, Ph. longidactus, Ph. kandelakaii, Ph. ansarii, Ph. brevis and Ph. wenyoni. The above mentioned sandflies systematically belong to the genus of phlebotomus. Four species including Sergentomyia powloskyi, S. dentata, S. sintoni and S. squamipleuris have been added to the fauna which are categorized in Sergentomyia genus. It was found that the light trap is more efficient than the sticky traps for the female adult collection. The field results exhibited that Ph. perfiliewi is a dominant vector in the area. They are active from Mid-June to Late-September and their peak of activity occurs in August.Anthropophilicity and zoophilicity indices employing ELIZA test revealed that 24.07% were positive with the human and only 4.7% with the dog anticerum, indicating the human blood preference of the main vector. Dissection of 51 specimens of semi and blood-feed Ph. perfiliewi resulted in no infection with the parasite.

This research was an experimental study conducted in 1999 at elementary schools of districts 11 and 12 of Tehran. Samples were selected randomly with regard to the research objective and diagnostic standard of DSMIY. Then, they were divided into three groups of training, medication and compound (training + medication).Primary information was collected based on the HBM (Health Belief Model).Then both of the general and special dimensions of their behaviors were evaluated based on the general and specilalized aspects.Results showed that the behavior of the parents toward their children has a significant mean difference of 4.37 in the compound group, 2.83 in the training group and 3.83 in the medication group. There was also a significant mean deference between the behavior of the parents toward their children before sleeping in the compound and training groups (with the P<0.001 and P<0.05 respectively). In other words, the researcher found that due to the general and special behavior, the group which receives both training and medication gives a better response compared to the group which only receives medication.

Subject: the propose of this study was to compare fluoxetine and spironolactone in the treatment of physical and emotinal symptomes of premenstrual syndrome. The study was a placebo-controlled prospective trial.Method: from 173 women who had PMS, 82 women were selected and divided randomly in tree groups:First group: gluoxetine at a dose of 20 mg/daily.Second group: spironolactone at a dose of 50 mg/daily.Third group: placebo once/daily, that was administerered from day 15 of the menstrual cycle until day 25 for two consecutive menstrual cycles.The Diagnosis of PMS was confirmed by using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and completing the calender of premenstrual expriences (CPE) scale for two menstrual cycle.Results: fluoxetine and spironolactone in comparision with placebo, caused more improvement in physical (P=0.03) and emotional (P=0.01) symptomes of PMS. Spironolactone was more effective than fluoxetine (P=96.2), menorrhea (bleeding) (P=0.49), onset of symptomes of premenstrual syndrome (P=0.86), willing to continue the treatment (P=0.14) and side effects (P=O.74).Conclusion: fluoxetine and spironolactone are both effective in physical and emotional symptoms of PMS with the spironolactone being more effective than fluoxetine.

Glycoproteins and glycoconjugates play an important role in tissue morphogenesis. Development of ciliary body and iris requires mutual interaction between optic cup, neural crest and surrounding mesenchyme. The nature of these interactions is regulated by extracellular matrix and terminal sugars. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of extracellular matrix and glycoconjugate. In this regard rat embryos from 11 to 20 days of gestation from 30 pregnant rats were collected and vaginal plug was taken as day 0 of gestation. Histochemical staining and lectin histochemistry using (PNA, BSAI-B4, sialidase digestion/PNA method) were carried out on sections with 5-6 micrometer thickness. The presence of Gal GalNac, D-Ga1, sialid acid, hyaluronic acid and carboxylated glycosaminoglycan in developing iris and ciliary body was confirmed. The reaction of ciliary body and iris to PNA and S/PNA were increased by embryonic age, while more reaction to BSAI-B4 was noted on the 16th day of gestation. Therefore, it is concluded that, changes of glycoconjugate and extracellular matrix follow a spatiotemporal pattern and reflect the morphological events of tissue differentiation.

The mechanisms regulating the balance of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper2 (Th2) immune responces are of great interest as they may determine the outcome of allergic and infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of NO on the production of Th1 and Th2-associated cytokines, IL-4 and IFN-γ by EU and inguinal lymph node cells of C57BL6 and BALB/C.Cytokine secretion was measured by ELISA in the presence of different doses of NO donating agent, S-Nitroso -N-Acetyl-Penicillamine (SNAP), and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, L-N- (1-Iminoethy1)-1ysine (L-NIL) and NG-Monomethyl -Arginine (LNMMA), with mitogen,con A, and antigen, L. major, seperately. Nitric oxide was measured by Griess reaction. Results showed that SNAP decreased the secretion of IL-4 both in EU and inguinal lymph node cells, but increased the secretion of IFN-γ. The reverse effect was observed with L-NIL and LNMMA In addition, L-NIL was more potent than LNMMA. The additive effect was dependent on the dose of SNAP, L-NIL and LNMMA Therefore, in the future, it may be possible to use NO donating agents or inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase to cure the diseases with Th1/Th2 imbalance.

Matched data is one of the most important types of medical obselVations. This kind of data is frequently observed in different research about paired body organs like eyes, ears, hands, feet, kidneys, lungs, and in the studies which are related to identical twins. One of the other cases that we encounter matched data is when the individuals in the case and control groups in case- control studies are matched according to certain characteristics, and we are interested in investigating the differences in one (or more) special response variable(s) between the two groups.The analysis of the matched data is an extensive subject being the topic of various articles and books. One of the best methods to analyse this kind of data is the modeling approach .The relation between response and measured explanatory variables can be precisely studied through appropriate models, from which one of the most importan ones is generlized linear models. These models playa major role in the analysis of various types of data, because of their widespread use and efficiency. This paper attemps to discuss one of these models which is appropriate for matched data analysis. It also analyses the data collected from the implementation of Ausculation of lung Plan in Tehran Province, which was one part of "The Servey of Health and Disease in Iran". The results showed that age, smoking status and sex are effective factors in lung deseases in Tehran.

Dot-ELISA is recognized as a simple, sensitive and practical method used in different conditions for the diagnosis of some infectous diseases. In this study serodiagnosis efficiency of this method in experimental toxoplasmosis in rat (animal model) was investigated. Thirty percent ammonium sulphate percipitate of Excreted/Secreted Antigen (E/SA) from peritoneal exodate of infected mice was used as the antigen.Serum samples from 25 infected rats with toxoplasma "RH" strain and 25 uninfected control rats were tested with Dye-test as positive and negative respectively.Results indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of Dot-ELISA method for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is 100% and 88% respectively.However, before applying this method in diagnosis, the result should be confirmed by evaluating the test on human sera.