ADVANCES IN COGNITIVE SCIENCE
Year:2018 | Volume:20 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:12

Introduction: There are hundreds of ways to develop creativity among children, youths and adults. Developing new ideas and ways of teaching creativity should incorporate the interests and hobbies of children and young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback and heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback on emotional and cognitive creativity in elementary school children in the citly of Isfahan.Method: The sample consisted of 90 children who participate in the research vulnarably. Participants were randomly assigned to control five experimental groups. Emotional and cognitive creativity were measured by Torrance’s Test of Creativity and Averill’s Emotional Creativity Inventory. The experimental groups participated in 15 HRV biofeedback sessions, 15 alpha/theta neurofeedback sessions. It was hypothesized that each of these methods increases creativity and also have differetnt effects on emotional and cognitive creativity and their components in the experimental groups.Results: The result of analysis of variance of repeated measures showed that these methods significantly increased emotional and cognitive creativity and their components (p<0.05). HRV biofeedback had more effect on emotional creativity. And Pz alpha/theta neurofeedback had more effect on cognitive creativity.Conclusion: alpha/theta neurofeedback increased cognitive creativity, and heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback increased emotional creativity.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a neurological disease with psychological symptoms and usually appears in the first three years of the life. It directly affects the human brain functions and connections.Method: This paper presents a model to show the connections of brain regions in children with autism and the control group based on electroencephalography. The model compared the brain connections of the two groups using cellular neural networks and wavelet transform.Results: The results showed that there were significant differences and abnormalities in the left hemisphere, (p<0.05) at the electrodes AF3, F3, P7, T7, O1 and AF4 in the children with autism compared with the control group. Also the evaluation of the obtained connections values between brain regions demonstrated that there were more abnormalities in the connectivity of frontal and parietal lobes and the relations of the neighboring regions in children with autism.Conclusion: Results are consistent with the previous experimental works and confirm this hypothesis, although the autistic brain is healthy but there are abnormalities in organization and connections of its regions.

Introduction: Studies have shown that eye movement is effective on memory, and the visual path can open a window to the minds of marketers and for cognitive science.Method: In this study, due to the necessity of reviewing the psychology of seeing, using the Yarbus’ vision tracking theory for a printed advertisement, along with the manipulation of this ad for testing, the vertical and horizontal visual paths of the memory of 20 people and its effect were examined through the “recalling after two weeks”, the eye tracker of the scene.Results: To conduct the research, the original advertisement was presented to 10 subjects and crafted advertisement to another 10 subjects. The findings were analyzed in the form of image processing with thermal, saccade, and fixation and opacity maps through using eye tracker and eye tracking quantitative data by employing minitab-17 software.Conclusion: The results showed that the vertical saccades are more effective in recalling the advertising brand than the horizontal saccades. This important finding, namely, the existence of the relationship between the average length of the saccade and the time of fixation with memory, can introduce a new indicator in advertising.

Introduction: The effect of different facial emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, fear and anger…) on face recognition memory has been studied in different researches, but there is controversy in findings of these studies. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the effect of facial emotions on face recognition memory.Method: 45 normal adults (23 men) with normal memory aged between 18 and 35 years participated in this study. A computerized task using happy, neutral and sad faces was designed to evaluate the emotional face memory performance of participants. Data were extracted using the MATLAB (2015b) and then were imported to SPSS16.0. The repeated measure ANOVA was used to analyze the difference among the different facial emotions in terms of percentage of correct response, and correct/incorrect response times.Results: There was a significant difference among the three expressed facial emotions with a significant decrease in recalling happy faces compared to sad and neutral ones (P<0.05). No difference was found among the different emotions in terms of correct response time.Conclusion: It can be concluded that sad and neutral faces are recalled better than happy faces.

Introduction: With the growing development of small and large cities without favorable urban spaces, the adaptation of these spaces to the needs of the users has been considered by experts. Urban spaces have unique roles in meeting the social and individual needs of children and adolescents in the city. This requirement, nowadays, has made the child-friendly towns pay attention to urban planners. Child-friendly projects are mainly aimed at creating an opportunity for children to shape or change the environment around them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the urban aspect and the importance of each of them in the view of children.Method: The research method used in this paper is descriptive-analytical based on library studies, documentation and field studies and has a practical aspect. In this research, participatory approaches such as drawing, writing and interviewing were used to collect the views of children. The sample population under study in this research were selected through systematic random sampling from the 2nd District of Qazvin comprised of 130 children from 4 elementary girl- and boy schools. The obtained data from these children were analyzed and coded by MAZDA software.Results: findings of this research revealed that the form and morphology, general and visual perception, and location identity are the most important features for children.Conclusion: Paying attention to the “Child Friendly City” Indicators in relation to child friendly environment that is consistent with the goals of children’s participation and attention to their needs can, in addition to providing an environment that meets the needs of children, by assigning a social role for children, increases social awareness and develop real and creative partnerships in society.

Introduction: Explain the unity of objects, including human beings.Method: Using conceptual analysis and philosophical argument to examine structuralism theory and the (Kathrin) Koslicki reading of Aristotelian hylomorphism.Results: In this article, I have shown that, contrary to Koslicki, the unity of objects such as a human being requires both Aristotle’s assumptions (the indivisibility and the need for the object to be a single agent). Secondly, the form cannot be reduced to structure. For this purpose, we outlined the Koslicki’s view according to which if we consider form as a part of objects and continue to follow the two assumptions of Aristotle, we will still encounter the problem of regress. so in the view of Koslicki it is necessary to abandon the two assumptions of Aristotle. By doing so, she opens the way for structuralism theory. We have shown that her argument cannot be defended in rejecting these two assumptions.Conclusion: The theory of structuralism in general and in the Koslicki’s view does not specifically convey the correct interpretation of the form.

Introduction: Permanent childhood hearing impairment often results in speech and language problems that are already apparent in early childhood. Past studies show a clear link between language skills and the child’s social functioning. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the level of language development on social functions in children with hearing impairment.Method: Test of Language Development (TOLD-3) and Matson Evaluation of Social Skills with Youngsters (MESSY) were used for evaluating language development and social behaviors of 120 children with hearing impairment in Shiraz, Iran. Structural equation model was used to analyze the data in Amos Graphic-18.Results: level of language development had direct significant effect on social behaviors and 35 percent variance in social behaviors was predicted by language development.Conclusion: language development is the important factor in social functions in children with hearing impairment.

Introduction: According to Tulving, semantic memory is one of the sub-types of memory which is the ability to recollect concepts and semantic words. The hierarchy of the generated exemplars of the given concepts is one of the typical measures for this type of memory. Except for the Farsi language, there are mass studies in preparation of the conceptual categories; therefore the present study is aimed to prepare category norms for the Iranian students.Method: The method of study was descriptive. The target population includes all of the current students at the universities of Iran. The studied sample consisted of 200 students, recruited from the universities from five geographical zones by convenience sampling. For data collection, the original method of Battig and Montague (1969) is employed where the conceptual stimuli are presented in 30-second intervals.Results: After eliminating the incomplete responses, the valid generated exemplars of 165 participants for 51 concepts as extracted from the original Battig and Montague study, are analyzed. The measures of potency, rank, and the total number of generated exemplars are extracted for each of the exemplars. In addition, the percentages’ measures of the total number for each of the exemplars and the percentage of the generated exemplars as the first response are extracted.Conclusion: The extracted category norms can be used as a valuable tool for the studies of semantic memory in different scientific areas.