PAZHUHESH-E ZABANHA-YE KHAREJI
Year:2008 | Volume:- | Issue:43|Papers Count:16

James Morier's The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan is among works in which traces of the new wave of Colonialism at the beginning of the 19th century are clearly evident, a Colonialism which, fortified by the newly-established discourse of Orientalism, employed literary texts as building blocks to expand and buttress authority and dominance of the West over the East. This paper attempts to show how Hajji Baba, as a constituent of a literary- colonial discourse, has internalized, reproduced, and reinforced the structures of Western hegemony. The discussion will be based an a study of Anglo- Persian relations of the first decades of the 19th century. In this investigation, Mories's role will be delineated and a short account of the process of gestation and development of orientalism, and Morier's place in this process will be discussed.

This article tries to show Shaw's Anti-Victorian strategies with a brief glance at Arms and the Man. Shaw's exceptional attitude to drama and his efforts to shock the Victorians out of their Romantic illusions became one of his main goals as a dramatist. Shaw’s philosophy, wit and realistic attitude made him one of the most renowned dramatists in English Literature. His name evokes sophistication, dignity, and honor, a privilege and fame unknown to others. Although endowed with a charismatic personality, yet his intellectual stance becomes a barrier between him and his readers, thereby preventing readers from approaching Shaw. This paper attempts to eliminate misconceptions about Shaw, by explaining Shaw's simple aims and goals as dramatist. The paper also briefly explores Arms and the Man focusing on excerpts reflecting Shaw's philosophy.

Following the innovations in conceptualization of intelligence-form IQ, MI, to EQ, this study attempts to examine the role of emotional intelligence in second language learning and academic achievement. To this end, 328 students were asked to take the EQ questionnaire, the correlations between EQ and reading, listening, speaking, writing, and GPA were then computed for all participants and each gender, respectively. The results demonstrated that there are significant, though little, correlations between EQ, certain and some skills, and academic achievement. Finally, the results were discussed in the context of second language acquisition and suggestions were made for teachers and authors.

The epic theatre of Brecht invites spectators to analyze dominant issues concerning economic, social, and political matters, additionally guiding them to consider possible alterations. In his plays, Brecht strives to prohibit the metamorphosis of spectators by creating a gap between characters and spectators thereby encouraging them to develop critical ideas about society. Readers therefore should avoid being subjective, and consequently be able to view contemporary issues objectively and critically. In The Life of Galileo, Brecht avails himself historical resources for resolving a significant modern issue, thereby transforming his play into a historical drama. According to Brecht, science should reflect social responsibility in order to be in the disposition of human aims. There are three schemes in The Life of Galileo. In the first scheme, Brecht believes that any scientific evolution brings about general progress for people-an idea derived from Galileo. In other schemes such as nuclear power and arms for the massacre of humanity, Brecht has undoubtedly questioned scientific evolution.

This paper closely examines the Persian New Year's opening prayer as a literary text. Regarding different communicative models, including the Jacobson model, it shows that these models have never considered a place for religious communicative discourse. This paper endeavors to be a threshold for religious discourse, especially prayers. In doing so, it, first of all deals with the background of prayer as a literary work. It then points to the components of the language of prayer. Thirdly, it studies closely the prayer's poetic function in terms of structure and functions of the language of prayer. The emphasis, then, goes on to the phonological aspects of the New Year's prayer: alliteration, assonance, consonance, words play, rhyme and rhythm.

Andre Makine, a writer of Russian ancestry residing in France, propounds the west enthusiastically and lyrically in his early novels. He visualizes the west as a lost paradise which is both fascinating and fanciful contrary to his childhood vision of Russia. However, as time passes, following his immigration to France, his encounter with reality shatters and ruins the rudimental idealism which had earlier shaped his mind. A different outlook germinates in his reflection. That is why, the more we penetrate into his writings, the two terms east and west mingle with one another all the more and end up as ambiguous and mute; the early passion and fervor giving way to a critical perception. The Russian Atlantid replaces the French one and his nostalgic view of his childhood can be traced in his works. In the meantime, journey as the core of his writings act as an excuse and concern for the writer vis-à-vis identity, encounter between reality and imagination, and problems erupting from conflict between two cultures and languages.

The Medieval period is usually known for the demise of dramatic literature mainly because the Church considered "acting" a sin unless supervised by authorities. This article, by reviewing performance strategies common among European people in the medieval period, discusses people's interventionist roles in re/shaping liturgical 'texts'. It argues that the religious rituals of the period were sites of socio-political tensions between authorities, on the one hand, and the people, on the other. The aim is to challenge the dominant idea of the pre-modern era, that is, the medieval period, in which power was disseminated to people on a top-to-bottom basis only. In other words, the article contends that people were busy negotiating their own versions of body/politic (s) with authorities.

Translation is an effort toword a global creation of equalizing knowledge and steps into communication amongst nations, thereby creating a cultural relationship. Translation reflects a cuttural interdependency amongst nations, Iran and Russia being amongst them. In this paper, the author tries to show the role of translation in establishing relation between Iran and Russia by mentioning examples of activities of Russian researchers and translators about Persian language and also efforts of Iranian researchers and translators about Russian language. Researches have shown that Russia and Iran cultural council has the most important role in making cultural relations between Iran and Russia. Khayyam, one of the most prominent Iranian poets, is most popular amongst Russian people and similarly Tolstoy and Chekhov, the most significant Russian poets, popular amongst Iranian people.