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Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources
Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    2 (39)
  • Pages: 

    167-133
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1008
  • Downloads: 

    1403
Keywords: 
Abstract: 

The purpose of this study is to apply Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in order to investigate the structure and properties of concrete and the effects of 220 VAC on Ordinary Portland Concrete (OPC). At first, valid scientific sources about application of EIS to cementation materials were reviewed. Then, by using laboratorial tests, the effects of 220 VAC on OPC were investigated. Before and after the application of 220 VAC, concrete samples were studied through EIS. In order to prove the correctness of the EIS results, the concrete samples were tested by other methods such as resistivity, current-time and Rapid Chloride Penetration tests.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    2 (39)
  • Pages: 

    135-144
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1451
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Regarding necessity the scientific and clear criteria utilization for evaluating environmental costs, this research estimated a stochastic output distance function by measuring the environmental pollution parameters via analyzing in the transportation sector, as well as collecting the survey inputs and outputs production data. According to the Pigou’s theory which says each polluter should pay the costs of its pollution, given the lack of appropriate analytical methods for environmental policymaking, in this paper we made an estimate of shadow prices for environmental pollutions resulting from fossil fuel consumption in transportation sector. Accordingly, the average shadow prices in the transportation sector during the period of time from 1357 to 1389 for pollutants including nitrogen oxides (NOx) is equal to -121469.7 rials per ton-kilometer, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is equal to -131936.9 rials per ton-kilometer and for carbon dioxide (CO2) is equal to -488.4381 rials per ton-kilometer.These results suggested as a basic measure for planning to environmental policymakers to have a better knowledge of related economical-environmental effects of transportation sector and environmental costs.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

SALEHZADEH H. | PARCHAMI M.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    2 (39)
  • Pages: 

    125-158
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1386
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Underground structures are an integral part of the infrastructure of modern urban. If these structures be built in seismic regions, stability control will be necessary. In this research, dynamic analysis of Tabriz twin subway tunnels by using FLAC2D software has been examined.The main problem in dynamic analysis of this project is the tunnel located below the water table and soil liquefaction ability in the part of the tunnel route. Considering both dynamic loads and pore pressure, the suitable behavior model for soils will require. Mohr-Columb constitutive model used in static analysis and Finn constitutive model used to simulate excessive pore water generation during dynamic loading.For dynamics investigation, used two earthquakes levels; DBL and MCL, and three earthquakes records; Duzce, Loma prieta and Changureh- Avaj. Stability of tunnel Maintenance system under static and dynamic loads investigated. The analysis results indicate that, different earthquakes load conditions affect pore water pressure distribution and subsequently changes liner stresses.Increasing the loading dominate frequency caused the forces of the tunnel lining and pore pressure to decrease. Although, as the loading amplitude decreases, liner stresses and excessive pore water generation decreased.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

FAKHRI M. | SHOORMEIJ E.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    2 (39)
  • Pages: 

    159-171
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    814
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Vehicle operating costs (VOC) including fuel consumption, oil consumption, repair and maintenance and travel time are an essential part of life cycle cost analysis. Fuel consumption is one of the significant component of the total vehicle operating costs. The goal of this research is to evaluate the effect of pavement maintenance in a 10 years analysis period on fuel consumption. Fuel consumption was evaluated for the two general modes of pavement repair and maintenance. In the first case, only crack sealing and patching were considered, and the second mode, overlay and pavement reconstruction were also considered. More ever overlay and pavement reconstruction were defined for two levels of roughness. In the first case after the overlay and pavement reconstruction the IRI reached to 1.5 m/km, and in the second case IRI reached to 2.5 m/km. According to the results, with applying crack sealing and patching there was no change on reducing the fuel consumption. But, with applying overlay and pavement reconstruction the fuel consumption was reduced during the pavement analysis period. Reduction in fuel consumption in IRI=1.5 m/km is between 0.5 to 1.5 percent for passenger car and pickup and 1.5 to 4.0 percent for heavy vehicle. Also, reduction in fuel consumption in IRI=2.5 m/km is between 0.1 to 1.0 percent for passenger car and pickup and 0.5 to 2.5 percent for heavy vehicle. It was concluded that using rehabilitation in the appropriate time could cause reduction in fuel consumption and cost saving.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    2 (39)
  • Pages: 

    173-191
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    651
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

In a hub location problem network, the flow originated from an origin and shipped to a destination via some selected intermediate nodes called hub nodes since using a discount factor of hubs. The hub nodes are fully interconnected in the traditional hub location problem. In any origin-destination path there exists at least one hub element. Rather than directly connecting any pair of locations, all the paths are handled by the hub node. In this paper, a general configuration of hub location problems is considered. The model is presented for hub location-routing problem which any network topology can be structured. This model application is in the public transportation, telecommunication systems and financial networks. Incomplete hub network is designed in the model. Furthermore, location and routing decisions are considered simultaneously in the model besides multiple allocation strategy. Moreover, non-hub nodes can be connected directly. Objective function of this model minimizes transshipment cost of flows and cost of constructing the network. Family of valid inequalities and some preprocessing are proposed to strengthening the model linear relaxation lower bound and improving solution time. Computational results over test problems driven from the literature show that using all valid inequalities and preprocessing perform better than using each of them separately and solve the model in a reasonable solution time.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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Author(s): 

MAMDOOHI A.R. | AMINI V.

Issue Info: 
  • Year: 

    2014
  • Volume: 

    11
  • Issue: 

    2 (39)
  • Pages: 

    193-206
Measures: 
  • Citations: 

    0
  • Views: 

    1027
  • Downloads: 

    0
Abstract: 

Today, increasing number of cars and urban trips has caused problems such as: congestion and air pollution leading to lower quality of life in metropolises. In such circumstances, modern system and new transportation methods are generally suggested, whereas traditional systems can also be of high value. One such alternative system being cycling with benefits, like congestion and air pollution reduction and increasing people’s physical activity level. This paper aims to analyze quantitatively the gender impacts on travelers’ tendency toward this simple, cheap and pollutant-free system. Based on a field survey of 1096 Tehran citizen in municipality district number eight, and 1384 person trips, binary logit models are calibrated separately for women and men to analyze factors influencing travelers’ tendency toward cycling. Results indicate that women using cars and men using bus and subway, have a lower tendency for cycling, as, do women for educational trips, contrary to men. Results also indicate that increasing travel time and aging, decrease cycling tendency. Results suggest that positive factors for men traveling by bicycle include traveling during peak period and men with more daily trips.

Yearly Impact: مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

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