Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Year:2010 | Volume:12 | Issue:2|Papers Count:14

Background: The lag between developing and developed countries in terms of the scientific researches and scientific publications in different areas of human knowledge is too big especially within the health domain. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the most important reasons for this trend.Material and methods: In this review, I tried to determine and use the most relevant literature by applying the different methods of database search.Results: Shortage of the funding; lack of the systematic research programs; carrying out the low quality studies; lack of the appropriate incentives and understanding of design; and finally writing the outcomes of the scientific researches, are among the most important reasons for the lack of researches and publications related to the health domain within developing countries.Conclusion: The existing scientific gap between developing and developed countries which is increasing in many parts of the world rings the alarm for the health of the people throughout the world. However, there are various appropriate solutions to restrain or limit this gap which are currently and successfully applied by some countries including Iran.

Background: Inhibition of angiogenesis is a major target in the fight against cancer and other diseases. The effects of electromagnetic fields on cell development and growth have been investigated. In this research we investigated the effects of electromagnetic fields with 100, 200 & 300 gauss on angiogenesis in chorioalantoic membrane of chick embryos.Materials and Methods: Ross fertilized eggs were used that divided in 4 random groups: 1)control, 2)experimental 1, treated with 100G electromagnetic field 3)experimental 2, treated with 200G electromagnetic field and 4)experimental 3, treated with 300G electromagnetic field. In day 2 of incubation a window was opened on eggs in sterile condition, then in day 8 a gelatin sponge was occurred on chorioalantoic membrane and was soaked with 5 ml FCS. Members of groups 2 were transferred into electromagnetic field (100G), group 3(200G) and group 4(300G) in day 10. In 12th day all cases were photographed by photo-stereomicroscope. The numbers and lengths of vessels around the sponges were measured and compared with each other by t-test & ANOVA (p<0.05).Results: In this study we reported that, no significant vascular reaction was detectable; 3 hr exposure to 100,300G electro magnetic fields did not affect on angiogenesis but 200G electromagnetic field inhibited angiogenesis in chorioalantoic membrane.Conclusion: For this reasons absence of adverse effects on embryo development and absence of mutagenic effects, exposure to 200G electromagnetic field could be proposed as a safe and cost-effective treatment of human diseases involving excessive angiogenesis.

Background: Microbial irritation is the major etiologic cause of pulp and periapical lesions. Therefore the main goal of endodontic treatment is complete elimination or inimizing acteria with chemo-mechanical preparation. Calcium hydroxide is one of the chemical substances, which are used, in endodontic treatment and its antimicrobial effect on various bacteria has extensively has been studied and researched. Recently Gutta-percha point containing calcium hydroxide has been offered to dentistry.The purpose this study was to examine the antimicrobial effects of this substance in infected root canals.Material and Methods: In this study ninty extracted human maxillary central incisors, which had been extracted to various reasons, were selected. After canal preparation and root sterilization, all the samples (excluding 10 negative control samples) were contaminated by bacillus subtillis. Then these eighty roots were randomly divided into 3 groups, which were 10 roots as positive control group (non medicated), 35 roots medicated with Gutta-percha point containing calcium hydroxide as group A, 35 roots medicated with calcium hydroxide as group B. after 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days in these three groups , antimicrobial effect was assessed.Result: The result showed no significant difference (p=0.35) between antimicrobial effect of Gutta-percha point containing calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide past.Conclusion: Since there is no significant difference between antimicrobial effect of Gutta-percha point containing calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide past, it seems that the usage of this product as an intracanal medication should be more investigated.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine antibiotic susceptibility and penicillinase production by Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from gonorrhoeae patients in Zahedan.Materials and methods: In a descriptive study during 2005-2008 years, 400 suspected patients were studied by history review, medical examination, gram staining and culture in Thayer-Martin medium. Antibiotic susceptibility and penicillinase tests of isolated strains were done by disk diffusion method and aciodometric method, respectively.Results: Cultures were positive in 77(19.2%) patients. The resistanat rate against antibiotics were as follow: penicillin (79.2%), ciprofloxacin (53.2%), ceftriaxone(3.8%), spectinomycin (2.5%), cefixime(12.9%), cotrimoxazole (93.5%), tetracycline(88.3%) and gentamicin (29.8%). In the meanwhile, 83.1 percent of penicillin resistant isolates produced penicillinase enzyme.Discussion: Ceftriaxone, spectinomycin and cefixime are the sole antibiotics that could be considered as selective drugs. Quinolones which were regarded as an effective group of antibiotics recently have lost their importance. Resistance against other antibiotics is rapidly developing, thus, conducting experimental tests and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and clinical trial studies at fixed intervals can contribute to diagnosis of resistance of gonococci and rapid and successful treatment of their infections in Zahedan region.

Background: Vaccination is the best way to prevent hepatitis B infection. The efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine and duration of protection after vaccination in infants is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunity level of school age children against HBV in order to determine the decline of hepatitis B antibody level during the childhood period.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research was performed on 729, 5-7 year-old children in Kohgiloyeh& Boyerahmad Province who had been vaccinated at birth. Patients selected by multiple stage sampling method. While interviewing parents the questionnaire were completed. The laboratory rep[ort was attached to the questionnaire. After confirming the correct date of vaccination time, parents were asked for an informed consent. From each patient 3ml blood sample were taken and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBs-Ab) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag) were determined by ELISA method. Chi-squared and t-tests were used to analyze obtained data by using SPSS-15 software. Results: HBs-Ag was negative in all patients. 84.4% of subjects were immune against HBV (had protective antibody titer). The mean antibody titer was 308.9±230.5 IU/ml with range of 10.6–1175 IU/ml. 15.6% of samples had non protective antibody titer and mean antibody titer was 4.97±3. 5 IU/ml. Anti-HBsAb titers were related to the age and residency of children. The immunity level decreased with increasing age. No statistically significant differences could be found between two sexes. Conclusion: Based on this stud, the immunity persistency rate in this age group was suitable compared to other studies. Unfortunately, there is about 20% of non-immune children to HBV infection in this susceptible age with a high risk of contamination and affliction. Because of seriousness of HBV infection proper immunization strategy should be considered in this era by health care authorities.

Background: Steroid hormones play an important role in the treatment of menopausal complications; therefore, nowadays there are new drugs having protective effects on endometer. The objective of this study was to compare the amount of uterine bleeding and spotting in patients who consume tibolone versus classic HRT.Material and Methods: This clinical trial has done on 150 menopausal women divided in to three therapeutic groups. Each group took either of three regimens: tibolone, classical HRT and calcium supplement (control group) for six months. The number of the times and length of bleeding and spotting was recorded at the end of the first and second quarterly of treatment.Results: Wilcoxon test did not reveal any meaningful differences between the tow groups of tibolone and calcium group. In terms of above mentioned variables in the two mentioned periods. However, in the HRT group, spotting duration had decreased (p=0.04) in the second three months regarding the first quarter. Kruskal-Wallis test indicated a significant difference in all the variables during the first three months of treatment and Mann-Whitney U test, used to determine discrepancy between the involved groups. It has been shown that the average number of the times (p=0.03) and spotting duration (p=0.008) in the HRT group in comparison with tibolone, also the number of the times (p=0.02) and the length of bleeding (p=0.003) in the HRT group was more than that of calcium group. It also revealed that the average of the length of spotting in the tibolone was more (p=0.001) but less in terms of the number of times of spotting in calcium group (p=0.001).Discussion: The findings of the study indicated decease in the number of the times and the length of bleeding and spotting period in tibolone group in comparison with classical HRT.

Background: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is characterized by brief attacks of vertigo, nausea and/or positional nystagmus during head movements. Epley maneuver is one of the therapeutic processes for these patients and had various results in different studies. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of this procedure on treatment of patients with BPPV.Material and Methods: This study was performed from January 2008 till September 2009 in otolaryngology clinic of Khatam teaching hospital in Zahedan. The study was conducted among 67 patients (38 female, 29 male) with p-BPPV between the ages of 27 and 68 years old. Epley maneuver with restriction was performed for treatment after diagnosis of BPPV and one week later, results evaluated using the Dix-Hallpike test.Result: 92.5% of patients had positive response to this type of treatment. Conclusions: The study revealed good efficacy of Epley maneuver on patients with BPPV.

Background: The pathogenesis of febrile convulsion (FC) which is the most frequent seizure disorder in childhood isn’t clear but changes in the serum level of neurotransmitters and trace elements such as magnesium are known to contributing risk factors.Materials and Methods: In this case-control study serum magnesium of 32 children with FC and 33 children without FC were compared.Results: 25% of children with FC had serum magnesium level under 1.5 mg/dl. In the normal group no one had serum magnesium level under 1.5 mg/dl (p=0.05).Conclusion: Decreasing serum level in FC may be one contributing factor in the FC. It does not need to be lower than normal range in these groups of patients.

Background: Application of contrast agents in diagnostic imaging is along with probability of adverse reactions and need to safety observance. In this study, the safety observance in using intravenous contrast media evaluated in four western provinces of Iran.Materials and Methods: A special questionnaire form was designed based on world standard guidelines and completed by radiology staffs in 40 governmental and private centers in four provinces including Kermanshah, Hamedan, Kordestan and Lorestan. Obtained data was analyzed by independent t and c2 tests.Results: The results show in the most centers there are not any uniform and coordinate protocol for using preventive drugs and access to life saving drugs and equipments. The results demonstrate a difference between governmental and private centers in existing of specific protocol for dealing with contrast reactions and also in some equipments and drugs like Canulla or Adrenaline (p=0.001, p= 0.001 and p=0.003 respectively).Conclusion: According to the results, it seems publication of special coordinate guidelines and improvement of equipments are necessary.

Alveolar hydatid cyst is a parasitic disease due to invasion of the Echinococcus multilocularis larva into the different tissues. The main host of this tape worms is Canidae family, especially foxes and jackals. Human beings are usually infected through eating contaminated vegetables and water with parasite eggs. In this article, one case of alveolar hydatid cyst has been reported in a 35 year-old woman.