Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Year:2011 | Volume:13 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

Background: Electromagnetic fields depending on the intensity and frequency have variety effects on living organisms. Vitamin A has an important role on the growth of living organisms. In this study, the effects of concurrent use of vitamin A and very low frequency electromagnetic field on the growth of limb bud of chick embryo have been investigated.Materials and Method: This experimental laboratory study was performed on 30 eggs with Gallus gallus fertilized race.The eggs were randomly divided into three equal groups including control, laboratory control and experimental. The samples of experimental group were treated with vitamin A 56 hours after incubation (1 IU). Then eggs were placed in active electromagnetic waves generator machine with 50 HZ frequency and 50 G intensity for 3 hours. On the twelfth day of incubation, embryos were removed from their eggs and measured embryo weight and total length of embryo hindlimb. Then embryos were prepared for histological studies with microscope using measurement software "Image J" in microscope sections at length of tibia, length of ontogenesis zone and also counting of chondrocytes of epiphysis and diaphysis. The resulting data were analyzed with SPSS-15.Results: The results show a significant decrease in the average of embryo weight, total length of embryo limb, length of tibia, average of chondrocyte zones of epiphysis and diaphysis and average length of osteogenesis zone (p=0.001).Conclusion: Based on this Study we conclude that concurrent use of vitamin A and very low frequency electromagnetic field has a delayed effect on development of chick embryo and it causes decreased embryo weight, limb length and accumulation of chondrocyte.

Background: Heart failure is one of the most important factors of death in industrialized countries. This study was performed to assess the anti-apoptotic effects of atorvastatin in isoproterenol induced experimental heart failure in rats.Materials and Method: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of 10 animals each, including: 1-healthy control, 2-patient (heart failure) control, 3- patient treated with low dose of atorvastatin, 4- patient treated with moderate dose of atorvastatin, and 5- patient treated with high dose of atorvastatin. For inducing heart failure, isoproterenol was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg daily for 10 days. Groups 1& 2 received only normal saline (10 ml/kg). Groups 3-5 received atorvastatin at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg respectively. All treatments wereadministered orally in 10 ml/kg normal saline solution, three weeks before isoproterenol injection and continued until the end of trial. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment, the rats were killed and histological sections from left ventricles were prepared through Tunnel staining method. Apoptotic cells were counted by the light microscope. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA analysis.Results: In group 2, isoproterenol treatment increased significantly in the numbers of apoptotic cells in comparison with healthy group (p<0.001). In groups 3-5 atorvastatin (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg) caused significant decrease (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively) in the numbers of apoptotic cells in comparison with group 2.Conclusion: The results showed that atorvastatin may prevent isoproterenol induced cardiomyocytes apoptotosis in the rats.

Background: The studies show that regular exercise may play an important role in improvement the cardiovascular status and with detraining period people will loose its useful outcome. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short detraining period on cardiovascular biomarkers in Wistar rats.Materials and Method: Forty-two male rats were divided randomly in two groups: experimental group (n=24) and control group (n=18). The training program was done 3 times per week, for 8 weeks. Then six rats experienced detraining. The blood samples were collected after 14 fasting hours in different stages and with the same conditions. The quantity of sICAM-1 was measured, using the commercial R& D Elisa kit. The quantity of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL & LDL in plasma was measured by using Pars-Azmoon kits. Data were analyzed by Kolmogrov-Smirnov, repeated measures of ANOVA, LSD andt -test. The amount of errors were computed in the level of p<0.05.Results: Thirty-six sessions of aerobic training made significant changes in variables and after 4 weeks of detraining the amount of measured variables were changed in to the insignificant baseline level. There were significant changes when detraining group compared with training group at the end of study [sICAM-1 (p=0.006), TC (p=0.004), TG (p=0.005) & LDL-C (p=0.037), HDL-C (p=0.037)].Conclusion: The results showed, detraining casuses the increase of dangerous factors and body faces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis.

Background: Oocyte invitro maturation is an enormously promising technology for the treatment of infertility, yet its clinical application remains limited owing to poor success rates. Therefore, this study was devised to evaluate the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on in vitro maturation of immature mouse oocytes and resulting embryos development.Materials and Method: Cumulus – oocyte complex and germinal vesicle were obtained from eighteen 6-8 weeks-old female NMRI mice 46-48 hours after administration of an injection of 5 IU PMSG (Pregnant Mares’ Serum Gonadotrophin). Oocytes were culture in TCM199 (Tissue culture medium-199) supplemented with dosages of 0, 10, 20, 50 and 100 ng/ml of HGF. After 24 hours, metaphaseІІ oocytes were co-incubated with sperms for 4-6 hours in T6 medium. Following isolation of two pronucleus embryos, cleavage of embryos was assessed in the same medium till blastocyst stage. The number of oocytes and embryos was recorded under an invert microscope and the rate of oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryos cleavage until blastocyst stage compared using of studentχ2 test.Results: In all compared groups, oocytes growth and embryos development rate in the 20 ng/ml of HGF treatment group was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: 20 ng/ml of HGF improved the nuclear maturation and embryo development up to blastocyst stage during culture condition.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate using the combination of pethidine and clonidine in order to produce synergistic effect for blocking of pain pathways in spinal cord and decrease the adverse effects of each drug and comparison it with bupivacaine.Materials and Method: This is a randomized double blind controlled clinical trial which was approved by the ethics committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Fifty patients (25 patients in each groups) in ASA class 1 or 2 which were selected for surgery on lower limbs, entered into the study. The patients were randomly allocated in two groups and received following regimens: CP (spinal anesthesia with combination of clonidine 0.75 μgr/kg and pethidine 0.75 mg/kg) and B (spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine 0.5%, 15 mg).Results: The onset time of sensory block on T10 in group CP (5.9±1.6 min) was significantly less than group B (9.2±2.3 min) [p<0.001]. The time to complete motor block in group CP (38.8±5.7 min) was significantly longer than group B (19.6±4.7 min) [p<0.001]. The time to the first analgesic request was significantly longer in the group CP (11.6±2 h) than the group B (6±0.8 h) [p<0.001]. Mean drop in the systolic blood pressure in group CP (22.6%±2.4%) was significantly more than group B (11%±4.3%) (p<0.001).Conclusion: It is recommended to use bupivacaine for anesthesia in operations on pelvis and lower limbs but it is better to co-administer clonidine and pethidine in patients who must be avoided from raising blood pressure and heart rate and with less than two hours operation time.

Background: Premenstrual syndrome is characterized by the cyclic occurrence physical, psychological and behavioral symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstruation cycle and will be disappear within a few days of the onset of menstruation. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of massage therapy on premenstrual syndrome.Materials and Method: A randomized clinical trial was carried out on 30 volunteer students of Tehran University with PMS diagnosis. After surveying two menstruation cycles and confirming PMS existence, subjects were randomly assigned into massage and control group. Massage protocol was performed for eight weeks. Volunteers completed Daily Symptom Rating (DSR) during 2 cycles before and 2 cycles after intervention. Data collected via data gathering form, criteria for PMS (DSM- IV), DSR and Beck test. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics (c2, Fischer’s exact test, paired and independentt tests).Results: In comparison between before and after intervention, massage group showed significant decrease averagely in mean of somatic (56.7%), psychological (64.8%) (p<0.001).This is while, in control group only mean of somatic symptoms (averagely 21.2%) relieved obviously (p=0.02). comparing two groups often intervention, we did not found any significant difference in mean of somatic symptoms while psychological (p=0.01) and total symptoms (p=0.03) in massage group was significantly less than controls.Conclusion: The authors concluded that massage therapy is an effective method for relieving symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Background: The adrenal gland is an essential organ in systems that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis during stress. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cold water swim stress (CWSS) on the volumetric parameters of rat adrenal gland.Materials and Method: In this experimental study, 20 mature male Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 200±30 g were selected and randomly divided into two equal study and control groups (n=10). Stress was induced by forced swimming in cold water (15oC), 2 min daily for 20 days. The animals were weighed and decapitated. Their adrenal glands were excised quickly, freed of fat tissue, weighed, and fixed in Lilli’s solution and embedded in paraplast, according to routine histological procedures. Five μm sections were cut using microtome and stained by the Masson trichrome technique. Volumetric parameters of adrenal gland and its components were estimated using point counting method. The Mann Whitney-U test was employed to determine statistically significant differences between the means.Results: Results showed that cold water swim stress induced a significant reduction in body weight (p<0.01), and a significant increase in relative adrenal weight (p<0.001). The absolute volume of zona fasciculata increased significantly (p<0.05) and the volume fraction of zona reticularis decreased significantly (p<0.05) in CWSS compared to the control group.Conclusion: Cold water swim stress (CWSS) produces volumetric changes in the rat adrenal glands. Different zones of the glands respond differently to cope with this stress.