IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY
Year:2018 | Volume:16 | Issue:2 (61) |Papers Count:6

Orthopaedics tissues، such as bone، cartilage، and tendon، involve cells that are difficult to culture and grow in vitro for reconstruction of damaged tissues. A small number of cells called stem cells have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into connective tissue lineages، involving bone، cartilage، tendon and ligaments. Recent development in stem cell research has led to an exciting effort in applying stem cells for orthopaedics tissue regeneration. This review summarizes recent findings regarding the potential clinical use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) in Non: union: s، Osteogenesis imperfect، Human Cartilage defects، Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis to provide a better understanding of the issue engineering with stem cell research، as well as the potential therapeutic purpose of these cells in orthopedic surgery.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is widespread degenerative joint disease. Although many therapeutic policies exist، no clear preventive remedy exists. Due to various side effects caused by conventional medication; we aim to evaluate the effect of leaf of Psidium guajava essential oil on animal model of OA. Methods: This 8-week animal model study was conducted on 25 male rats with induced osteoarthritis with collagenase. The rats were divided into 5 groups randomly، the first group that serves as negative control group and received intra-articular injections of saline، the second group received olive oil، the third group intra articular(IA)Hyalgan، the fourth group received low dosage (25 λ ) essential oil of Psidium guajava L. leaf، and the last group which received high dosage (50 λ ) essential oil of Psidium guajava L. leaf. All groups received their medication for 4 weeks. After 8 weeks from beginning of study، all of the animals were euthanized with CO2 and samples harvested. All the samples underwent histopathological and radiological evaluation and data were collected and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test (distribution free) by SPSS version 23. 00. Results: In histopathological findings illustrate a considerable difference between high dose (50λ ) treatment group and the control group. Moreover; in radiographic findings، significant difference was observed between groups in evaluation of distribution in joint space width. (P value =0. 0001) Conclusion: Essential oil of Psidium guajava L. leaf has a considerable positive effect on osteoarthritis.

Background: Nutritional arteries are the main source of blood supply to long bones. These foramina enable the blood vessels and nerves to pass through the cortex of the bone. The exact location and distribution of nutrient foramina are important for preventing damage to blood vessels and maintaining blood circulation during various surgical procedures. While inheritance and race are among the most effective factors in the distribution of these foramina، no relevant study has been conducted in Iran. Therefore، we aimed to evaluate this issue in Iran and find differences in comparison with other studies. Methods: This study was performed on 157 lower limb bones present in moulage hall in the school of medicine، including long bones of the femur (N=65)، tibia (N=65) and fibula (N=27). Results: In this study، 39. 09% of the femurs had two nutrient foramina، 90. 78% of the tibia had a nutrient foramen، and 66. 67% of the fibulas lacked a nutrient foramen. The location of the nutrient foramen in the femur was 95. 35% at the lower two-thirds. In the tibia، the nutrient foramina were mainly in the upper third (72. 15%). In the fibula، the nutrient foramina were mostly in the middle third (66. 67%). Conclusion: This study provides more information on morphological and topographic anatomy of the nutrient foramina of long bones of the lower extremity. While techniques such as microvascular bone transfer have become more popular، further research is required to determine the effect of inheritance and race for an anatomical description of bone nutrition.

Background & Aim: Orthopedic trauma is a common injury in children and may cause deep and permanent psychological and physical damages for the patients and their families. Recognition of the incidence rate of these injuries can help design effective treatment plans. This study aimed to identify various dimensions of orthopedic trauma in children in Abu Ali Sina Hospital of Sari، Northern Iran. Materials and Methods: In this prospective descriptive study، patients under the age of 16 years with orthopedic injuries، hospitalized in Bu Ali Sina Hospital during 2015-2016 were entered into the research. Information related to the age، gender، and mechanism trauma was collected. Data analysis was performed in SPSS using Chi-square، as well as paired and one-sample t-tests. Results: In total، 525 patients below the age of 16 years were assessed، (65. 3%) with a mean age of 9. 7± 4. 4 were male years and the rest were female (34. 7%) with the mean age of 7. 7± 6. 4 years. While most injuries in male subjects were in the age range of 14-16 years، for female participants two poaks in the age ranges of 2-4 and 14-16 years was seen. Moreover، 81. 7% of the fractures were related to the upper limbs while 18. 3% of the traumas were observed in the lower limbs. Furthermore، the most common location of incidents was home، and most frequent mechanism in both genders was falling (42. 3%). In addition، the most common time of injuries was the fall season (44. 6%). According to the results، most orthopedic trauma (56. 7%) were observed in children and adolescents with normal body mass indexes، and only 8. 29% of fracture cases were related to obese or overweight patients aged 2-16 years. Conclusion: Children are at risk of severe orthopedic trauma، which is due to lack of information، awareness، and education. Examining the safety of children and keeping them away from such injuries is essential and must be stadied in other large cities in other the developing countries.

Background: Physical activity reduces the risk of bone fractures by decelerating the bone loss and enhancing muscle strength. Such activities promote the bone strength and bone density through bone stimulation. The present study aimed to compare the effect of endurance training with varying intensities on the selected biomechanical properties of femurs in old male Wistar rats. Methods: 24 male Wistar rats (23 months old) with an average weight of 441. 75 grams were randomly divided into 2 experimental and one control grpups: Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT، n = 8)، high intensity Interval training (HIIT، n = 8)، and control group (CG، n = 8). Moderate and high intensity endurance training sessions were held five days a week with 60-70% and 80-110% of the maximum speed) and high (maximum speed) for eight weeks، respectively. In the MICT and HIET groups، the duration and distance (volume of training) were the same and only the intensity of training differed. Forty-eight hours after the last training session، the rats underwent surgery and their femur removed. Three– point bending flexural test was used to determine the effects of training on modulation، maximum endurance، fracture energy، and femur strength in the rats. The statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA test at P <0. 05. Results: The study results indicated that eight weeks of endurance training with varying intensities had no significant effect on modulation (p=0. 198)، bone strength (p=0. 24)، fracture energy (p=0. 204)، deformation-to-maximum strength (p=0. 89)، and femur strength (p=0. 31)، and that no significant difference was observed among the three groups. Conclusion: The biomechanical changes of the bone by such exercises require longer periods of training، which could be examined in future studies.

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