IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH (IJVR)
Year:2001 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:14

This investigation was conducted to study the effect of egg white lysozyme (Lzm) on Salmonella typhimurium phage type 49 strain in vitro. The bacteria either in growth phase in broth and solid bacterial culture media or in stationary phase in distilled water or phosphate buffer saline (PHS) was exposed to different concentration of Lzm. Micrococcus lysodeikticus, a suitable substrate for Lzm, was chosen as control. The rate of growth inhibition or lysis of bacteria was determined by turbidometery, and light and electron microscopic observations. Although, Lzm significantly (P<0.05) reduced the viable Salmonella typhimurium phage type 49 at stationary phase in normal saline but it did not inhibit the growth of the bacterium in broth culture media. However, morphological alterations such as loss of shape, and cellular integerity, swelling and cell wall fragmentation were observed in both Salmonella and Micrococcus which were exposed to Lzm in triptose soy broth. 1/5000 concentration of Lzm significantly lysed the Salmonella typhimurium phage type 49 strain and another isolate of this serotype at PH= 3 in distilled water. Lzm lysed Microcuccus lysodeikticus in all tested conditions.

In this study, allometric growth rate of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column in newborns of 12 rabbits, 17guinea pigs and 12 rats were studied. Also, the termination site of the spinal cord within vertebral canal of these animals was reported. These results revealed that the allometric growth rate of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column in newborn rabbit in male was 0.74±0.02, in female was 0.75±0.01, in newborn guinea pig in male was 0.75±0.01, in female was 0.78±002.andin the newborn rat in male and female was equal, as 0.66±0.01.Anatomical site of the termination of spinal cord within vertebral canal in newborn rabbit was at the caudal border of the second sacral vertebra and in newborn guinea pig was at the caudal border of the sixth lumbar vertebra and in newborn rat was at the caudal border of the third sacral vertebra. Statistically, there was no significant difference between both sexes regarding termination of the spinal cord in this age in all above mentioned laboratory animals.

Chemical structure and the existing biomolecules in the tissues are directly related to their physiological functions. In accordance to important roles of the saliva in mechanical transfer and the digestion of the food material and its.bacteriocidal and fungicidal properties, the biochemical studies of the salivary glands tissues especially on their enzymes can be useful in their metabolism manifestation in healthy animal and also their pathologic alterations. In the present study the existence of considerable activities of the enzymes: ALT (alanine transaminase), AST (aspartate transaminase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and rhodanese in the sublingual and submandibular gland tissues of the sheep and goat were confirmed and compared. There were: not seen any activities of arginase and amylase in the tissues. The difference between the specific activities- of the enzymes: AST and rhodanese between the two glands in sheep, ALT and LDH and rhodanese between the two glands in goat and rhodanese between submandibular glands of goat and sheep were significant (p< 0.05). The highest levels of the specific activity of rhodanese are seen in sheep sublingual gland tissue and the highest level of the specific activity of LDH and ALT in sulingual gland tissues of goat.

In order to determine the incidence of toxoplasmosis abortion of sheep, a cohort study was done in Fredows husbandry in Agh-Ghala Gorgan. Total of 430 adult ewes were randomly selected in breeding season; and blood samples were taken fromjugular vein. The sera were then collected and tested by direct agglutination (D.A) for diagnosing antibody against T. gondii and Rose bengal test for antibody against Brucella. Serological tests showed that 165 and 26 ewes were infected with toxoplasmosis and brucellosis, respectively. After the brucella-infected ewes were discarded two groups of case and control, each of then 140 animals were selected, at random. Blood samples were again obtained from both groups of ewes at lambing season. All blood sera from ewes were examined by direct agglutination test. Serological results showed that incidence rate of infection at lambing season were more than that of breeding season. Thus, the abortion rates in the case group and the control group were 3.88 % and 0.79% respectively. Statistical analysis suggested that the abortion rate in case group was associated with Toxoplasma infection. Relative and attributable risk rates were assessed as 4.91 and 3/08 % respectively.

Total and regional length of the spinal cord was studied in pre-and postnatal life in 15 male dogs. These animals were divided into five age groups of 42 days fetus, 52 days fetus, newborn, 6 month old and adult.The results revealed that the total and regional length. of the spinal cord was increasing according to the age. Total length of the spinal cord in adult was 8.37 times higher than 42 days fetus.The thoracic region of the spinal cord was the longest region, followed by the cervical, coccygeal, lumbar aridsacral regions.The termination site of the spinal cord in the younger animals was located in the more caudal vertebrates, the most caudal termination site of the spinal cord belonged to the 42 days fetus at the S3.The most cranial termination site belonged to adult animals at the L7.

To evaluate passive transfer in a dairy herd of Mashhad suburb, 206 calves aged between 24 hours to 7 days were sampled within one year.Serum total protein and immunoglobulins levels were measured by refractometery and sodium sulfite precipitation tests respectively.Effects of sex, parturition type, number of parity, season, time of birth and number of calf per each parturition on serum total protein and failure of passive transfer were analysed.No significant differences were seen between sex, parturition type, time of birth and number of calf per each parturition for serum total protein but season and number of parity had significant effects (p<0.05). Only season had significant effect on failure of passive transfer (p<0.95).

640 liver samples including 222 sheep liver, 214 goats liver and 204 cattle liver, obtained from 5 abattoirs of Shahre-kord were examined for Linguatula serrata nymph. After visual examination, 100 grams of each sample was segmented and digested in a digestive solution containing pepsin and HCl. Then it was incubated on 37oC for 24 hrs. The digested material was examined for the infective nymphs with naked eye and stereomicroscope.No infective nymph was observed in goat and cattle livers, but there was an infective nymph in one of the sheep samples (0.45%).

In this survey, gills of thirty Barbus grypus fish (caught from Karun river of Ahwaz) were studied. The fishes were carried to the laboratory alive and gills were examined by preparing wet mounts. Tissue sections were stained with two methods: H & E and Girnssa.The result showed that, the infection rate of gills was relatively high so that, the percentage of fishes that have Myxobolus infection was 86.7% (26 cases). By measuring spores through using micrometer and considering site of the infection and host, the species of parasite defined as Myxobolus karuni.In the studying of pathologic sections of gills, it was found that cyst of parasite were locted in blood vessels of perimary lamellae. Generally, spores were surrounded by connective tissue and were observable in cystic form. In some cases free spores in secondry lamellae were observed.

This study is aimed at detennining whether a relationship exists between the corpus luteum observation and plasma progesterone RIA assay from 36 cows, then their genital tracts were isolated in the slaughterhouse, measuring their corpora lutea size. In 29 cows, mature corpus luteum was seen .andin the remaining 7 cows, no corpus luteum was seen. The mean (±SD) progesterone level of these 7 cows was 0.53±0.34ng/ml, but of 29 cows with corpus luteum, only 25 had higher 1.5nglmlprogesterone levels. In this group, the mean (±SD) of progesterone level was 5.48±1.74ng/ml and the diameter of corpus luteum was 18.3±2.9cm. In another group consisting of four cows the diameter of corpus luteum was 15cm and the progesterone level was 0.56±0.34ng/ml.In conclusion, observation of the corpus luteum compared with progesterone'R1A assay had a sensitivity of %100, specivity of %63/6 and positive predictive value of %86/2.In this survey, the diameter of corpus luteum varied between 12 and 23mm (17.86±2.98) and plasma progesterone levels were variable from 0.19 to 9nglml (5.14±3.18). In statistical analysis, a positive significant correlation was observed between the diameter of corpus luteum and the plasma progesterone level. So we can suggest the following formula for estimation of plasma progesterone level by using the diameter of corpus luteum (12-23mm).Serum progesterone level (ng/ml)=0.66 (diameter of corpus luteum /mm -6.8).

After two intermittent attacks of spasmodic abdominal pains in an old mare, the horse was referred to the clinic. The heart rate was 5S/minute but the body temperature and respiratory rate were in their normal ranges. The mucosal membranes were pale and the appetite and defecations seemed to be normal.Rectal examinations indicated that there was no abnormal architecture of the abdominal viscera. The feces contaminated by the eggs of Strongylus vulgaris. The biochemistry profile showed a decrease in the serum albumin concentration and the increase-of the serum immunoglobulins concentration.Despite of intensive fluid therapy and administration of analgesics and antiprostaglandin drugs, the colicy mare died. The post mortem examination demonstrated several nodules in the cecum and large colon containing the migrative larvae of the worm. The histopathology revealed the evidences of migration of larvae and eosinophilic throil1ooembolicinflammation in the bowels and their vessels.

Major salivary glands were removed from seven adult femaleguinea pigs after chronic injection of isoprenaline and compared with those of control untreated glands. Both, parotid and submandibular glands increased in wet weight, owing to hypertrophy and hyperplasia, but no apparent changes were seen in the sublingual glands.The hypertrophied glands were studied by light and electron microscopy. The parotid secretory units were all mucous in nature and consisted of pyramidal cells with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and electron -translucent secretory granules which were mostly fused. The striated duct cells were not revealed any marked plications of the basal plasmalemma. Following isoprenaline treatment the parotid secretory units were markedly altered, whereas ductual elements were apparently unchanged. A notable increase in secretory units and number of the electron- translucent secretory granules were observed.The parenchyma of submandibular gland consisted of purely serous secretory units, intercalated ducts, granular ducts and striated ducts. The secretory cells contained mostly electron- dense granules, an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, and an extensive Golgi apparatus. rue columnar granular duct cells were characterized by numerous apical dark secretory granules of varying size and relatively large nucleus. The intercalated and striated ducts in this gland were structurally identical to that of parotid gland. After chronic treatment of isoprenaline, the secretory units and granular ducts were mostly affected. The enlarged secretory cells had more secretory granules mainly circular in outline and the granular cells were mostly devoid of secretory granules. No obvious changes were noticed in other ductual elements.