IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH (IJVR)
Year:2000 | Volume:1 | Issue:1|Papers Count:16

The onset of follicular atresia in laying hens was monitored using a real time, B-mode ultrasound. The birds were anaesthetized with an intramuscular injection of ketamine (25 mg kg-1) and xylazine (20mg kg-1). Pollicular atresia was induced by replacement of layer rations with whole barley for 7 days. In control group large yolky follicles appeared as spherical structures with the central white yolk delineated by a central hyper-echoic sphere about 8mm in diameter. Soft shelled and calcified eggs were clearly visible inside the oviduct. The left abdominal air sac produced echoic shadowing which sometimes prevented the proper scanning of ovarian follicles. After withholding the usual ration for 7 days the follicles lost both their contrast and spherical shape and thus became indiscernible. The echo-rich ring structure in the center of the growing follicle, representing the white yolk, also disappeared. Ultrasonography is a technique which does not appear to have been used to study the laying hen's ovary.

The interaction of sulphadimidine with chicken albumin was studied in vitro using equilibrium dialysis. Binding was measured at various temperatures, at different pH values and in the presence of sodium chloride. The sulphonamide was weakly bound to chicken albumin with an affinity of about 2.5 x 103 M-1. The association was exothermic and DH made a major contribution to DG. Binding was also dependent on the pH as affinity increased with pH. In addition, NaCl at high concentrations (³5mM) decreased the binding of sulphadimidine to chicken albumin.

Anaphylactic reactions often occur in fann animals following injection of drugs or biological products (vaccines and sera). Although the allergen may enter the body via the other routes (respiratory or gastrointestinal tract), acute systemic reactions are less common. The incidence of hypersensitivity reactions is higher in certain families and herds of cattle. Since anaphylaxis is an acute life-threatening reaction, immediate recognition and treatment is critical to patient survival. In this article anaphylactic reaction following vaccination against black leg and pasturellosis has been reported in a dairy herd. Clinical and necropsy signs and treatment have been discussed in details.

10 Iranian cross-bred male adult sheep were selected and an abomasal fundic pouch with preserved vascular and nervous supply was made in each animal. The sheep had free access to hay and water. Control gastric juice samples were taken at 0.5, 1, 1.5,2 and 2.5 hours following IM injection of 2ml of distilled water. Cimetidine, an H2 blocker was administered at different doses (3.5 and 4.5 mg/kg bwt, IM) and gastric juice samples were collected as mentioned before. Total acidity and K concentration decreased similarly with respect to control values, at different doses of cimetidine (P<0.05). While pH and Na concentration increased significantly (P<0.05). Cimetidine (4.5 mg/kg bwt) decreased chloride concentration significantly (P<0.05).No significant changes in the pepsin concentration was noted at different dose levels of cimetidine (P>0.05). In conclusion IM administration of different doses of cimetidine effectively prevented gastric secretion in sheep.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the application of controlled intra-vaginal releasing device (CIDR, Eazi Breed, NZ) for oestrus synchronization dairy cows. Healthy lactating Holstein cows (3-6yrs) yielding an average of 27 kg milk/d with normal cyclist were selected from two farms. The cows were randomly divided in two groups: A) The prostaglandin F2a (lutalyse, Belgium) group in which cows received 2 injections of PGF2 a 11 days apart (n=45); B) The CIDR group (n=68) in which cows were implanted intravaginally with a CIDR device plus an 5mg injection of 5mg oestradiol benzoate (Abu- Reihan, Iran). Six days later, cows were injected a luteolytic dose of PGF2a (30 mg) and on day 7, ail CIDRs were removed. All cows were observed for signs of oestrus 4 times a day for 6 days. Artificial insemination (AI) was performed on the basis of observing cows in standing beat using bight quality frozen-thawed semen. Cows were rectally examined approximately 50 days after AI for pregnancy diagnosis. A chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis of the proportions. The percentage of cows in heat on days 2, 3 and 4 after treatment and the pregnancy rate were significantly greater in CIDR treated group comparing to the PGF2a group (82.9010vs 69010 and 63% vs 410/0, respectively). Results of this study showed that CIDR can be used successfully in lactating Holstein cows in Iranian intensive dairy farms. More research is required to clarify the dilemma of the hormone residues if CIDR is used in dairy cows.

An 18 days old chick with 2 extra legs was referred and was examined after being euthanised. Necropsy revealed duplication of the ileal part of small intestine, caeca, rectum and cloaea. This chick had a normal cloaca, but the proximal parts of the relevant caeca were artistic. The extracaeca, colon and rectum were normal, but the posterior end of this rectum was attached to the atretic eloaca, close to the right side of the normal cloaca. The supernumerary limbs were rather small and showed severe malformation. Two extra legs shared with a single femur, tibia and fibula and showed a pygomelus situation. The femoral, tibial and fibular phocomelia was present in the left extra leg.

Heart rate is usually determined during physical examination in animals. This study was conducted to evaluate the normal heart rate and the effects of some stressors (new environment and the presence of the investigator) using telemetry method.Stage 1 (14 goats): The animals were housed in an enclosed pen 48 hrs. Before the initiation of the study. The heart rate was recorded for 24 hrs. Using telemetry method Stage 2 (5 goats): The heart rate was recorded when the goat was alone and then during physical examination by the investigator. Stage 3 (5 goats): The heart rate was recorded for 24 hrs. Immediately after the: transportation of the animal to the enclosed pen. The results of this study showed a significant difference in the heart rate in different conditions (lying 76.51±1.1. standing 84.22±0.93. and eating 114.09±2.08 beats/min. P< 0.05). In stage 2 the heart rate was significantly higher during physical examination by the investigator in the young goats (92.2±6.36 vs. 116±11.72 beats/min). In stage 3 the heart rate was significantly higher during the first 24 hrs. (adaptation period) compared to the second 24 hrs.

Comparison of serological results on 100 selected sera of sheep showed that qualitative correction between direct agglutination test (D.A) and dye test (D.T), direct agglutination test (D.A) and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (I.F.A.T), and dye test (D.T) and indirect imunofluorescent test (LF.A.T) were 97%,96% and 99% respectively. Thus, in present study, it is concluded that maximal quantitative correlation was between direct agglutination test (D.A) and indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (LF.A.T) and minimal quantitative correlation was between dye test (D.T) and indirect immunofluorescent (I.F.A.T). Titration results of 100 sheep sera showed that the most frequent titers in direct agglutination (D.A), dye test (D.T) and indirect Immunofluorescent (I.F.A.T) were 1/10240, 1/640, 1/1280 respectively. La this study, the geometric mean titers in direct agglutination test (D.A) was higher that two other serological methods.

Total and regional length of the vertebral column, spinal cord, allometric growth rate of the spinal cord in relation to the vertebral column, transverse and vertical diameters of the spinal cord and central canal of the spinal cord, the ratio between gray and white matter of the spinal cord and also the termination of the spinal cord were studied in 12 fowl and 12 turkey (6 male and 6 female of each). The results are appeared in tables 1,2,3,4.