IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH (IJVR)
Year:2000 | Volume:1 | Issue:2|Papers Count:13

Sheep pox is considered as one of the most contagious pox virus infections among domestic animals. Occurrence of this disease observed in 8 isolated herds with over 2000 sheep in Neiriz city, Fars Province of Iran. Goat, cattle and donkeys grazing in the same area showed no clinical manifestations of the infection. All ages from eight days-old lambs to five years-old adult .sheep were affected but the disease was most severe in infants with mortality about 60- 100%. In the adults, the gross lesions were in certain areas of skin denied of wool or sparsely wooled but in the lambs were all over the skin and in tongue, lungs, liver, fatty tail and kidneys. Histopathological lesions including Focal interstitial nephritis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, hydropic degeneration and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in the spinosum cells of skin, dermatitis and existence of huge numbers of characteristic. cells of sheep pox so called sheep pox cells in affected tissues.

In order to investigate infectious haemotopoitic necrosis disease (IHN) and infectious pancreatic necrosis disease (IPN), the causes of economic losses in cultured salmonids such as rainbow trout, in a one and a half year study a total of 153tissue samples from broodstock and 607 fish (40-300 day-old) were collected from 5 rainbow trout farms in Kohkiloye-boyer ahmad and Fars provinces. Sandwich ELISAs using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were employed to detect IHN, viral haemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), IPN viral antigens. IHN virus (French strain) and IPN virus (sp strain) antigens were detected in broodstock tissues and fish tissues of all ages (water temperature of 10-14oC) in Kohkiloye-boyer ahmad whereas fish collected from Fars did not show the antigens after 80 days of age (water temperature of 14- 16oC). No samples contained VHS virus antigens (reva strain).

Tannins are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds which are widely found in foods, particularly fruits and beverages. Feeding a tannin-based diet to many mammals over a period of 7 days resulted in an increase weight of parotid gland and synthesis of proline-rich proteins. In addition, feeding with liquid diet ensues parotid gland atrophy and decreased cell number. Liquid diet induces reduction of protein synthesis and secretion from parotid gland. In the present experiment four groups of male adult albino rabbits treated for fifteen days by pelleted chow, liquid diet, pelleted chow containing 4% of tannic acid and liquid diet containing 4% of tannic acid respectively. The mean of parotid gland weight of animals consumed pelleted chow containing 4% of tannic acid is significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.01). The mean of total protein of parotid gland is six folds higher in treated- tannic acid animals than the pelleted chow animals (p<0.01). The mean value for amylase activity in parotid gland of treated tannic acid animals is significantly more than pelleted chow animals (p<0.01). The mean amylase activity of parotid gland of animals treated -liquid diet containing 4% of tannic acid is five folds of liquid diet animals (p,<0.01). There is no significant difference in mean' of gland weights, total protein, amylase activity of submandibular and sublingual glands. SDS-PAGE of parotid gland in animals treated with pelleted chow containing 4% tannic acid revealed protein bands with molecular weights of about 65, 52, 38 and I5 Kds compared to the other diets. SDS-PAGE of submandibular gland showed 75, 20 and I5 Kds bands. There is no apparent difference in electrophoretic pattern of sublingual gland.

At calving and immediately postpartum, the vulva is relaxed and the cervix is dilated thus allowing bacteria to gainentry in to the vagina and the uterus. The main mechanism involved in the elimination of the bacteria is a phagocyte is by migrating leukocytes and defense mechanism system. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the presence of leukocytes in cervical mucus and blood with reproductive performance in postpartum cows.From 10 Holstein cows at 5, 10, 15,20, 30, 40 and 50 days after parturition, blood samples and cervical mucus were collected and uterine involution and ovarian rebound were evaluated by a serial rectal palpation. The neutrophils in cervical mucus smear were 18.04, 21.98, 20.58, 5.34, 0.93, 1.92 and zero precent at sampling days, respectively.Negative and significant correlations were found between neutrophil percentage in cervical mucus and days after parturition (P<0.01; r=-0.37), terine horn wides and days after parturition (P<0.01; r= -0.75) and uterine cervical wides and days after parturition (P<0.01; r=-0.72).To summarize, the findings of this study indicate that with increase in days of postpartum, decrease in leukocytes of cervical mucus was occurred. Determination of leukocyte counts in cervical. Mucus and blood in postpartum period may Deused in evaluation of genital system and reproductive function.

A serological survey was randomly performed on 488 cattle in Shiraz, Iran. Sera were tested by Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) using a panel of 20 live antigens. The results indicated that 32% of sera were positive (equal or greater than 1:200) for leptospiral serotypes. Three different serovars of Leptospira interrogans including grippotyphosa (6.9%), icterohaemorrhagiae (12.1%), and canicola HondUtrech(13%) were detected. In addition 27.2% of sera showed evidence of mixed infections. In positive sera the antibody titers of 1:200(18.8%), 1:400(9.1%), 1:800(3.5%), 1:1600(0.4%), and 1:3200(0.2%) were detected. 68% of sera were negative for any of the tested serovars.

A biochemical survey was conducted to provide a reference values for Caspian miniature horses blood serum profiles, and comparing with those of Iranian arab horses. Animals were divided into four age- related groups. Group 1,0-36 months old, group 2, 37-72 months old, group 3, 73-108 months old and group 4, over 109months old. The values for phosphorous, sodium, potassium, triglyceride and cholestrol were higher in Caspian miniature horse than Iranian arab horse, but serum creatinine and total bilirubin were higher in Arab horse. Above significant differences also were found between the stallions of two breeds and the mares of two breeds. The values for uric acid are higher in Caspian mare than in Arab mare, and the value for blood urea is higher in Arab mare than Caspian miniature horse. There were sex – related differences in values for serum potassium,tholesterol and bilirubin which all were higher in Caspian miniature horse stallions. Age-related differences were found for values of serum potassium and chlorides which were higher in younger animals and decreased with age.

Mastitis is one of the most important economic loss and health problems in dairy farms. This survey was conducted on 175 milk samples collected from cows that affected to mastitis at the one year period.All of the samples were cultured on bacteriological media and we succeeded to isolate 138 species of antibiotic resistant bacteria from those samples. The isolated bacteria containing, 51 species E.coli, 37 species Str. agalactiae, 27 species Sta. aureus, 10 species Str. dysgalactiae, 3 species Sta. aureus non coagulase producer, 3 species Act. pyogenes, 2 species Pro. mirabilis, 2 species Pseu. aeroginosa, one specie S. enteritidis, one species K. pneumoniae and one species B. cereus. Although other 37 milk samples have the positive results in California Mastitis Test (CMT), but we could not able to isolate any bacteria from those samples.Our results showed that 55.8% of the isolated bacteria were contagious agents and 44.2% of those were environmental agents of bovine mastitis. The results of antibiogram tests obtained from isolated bacteria showed that the contagious agents of mastitis were sensitive to Cloxacilin, Streptomycin and Enrofloxacin and environmental agents of mastitis were sensitive to Chloramphenichol, Enrofloxacin and Gentamycin.

Evaluation of the breeding soundness of stallions is a routine procedure in several practices. Fertility assay are used to improve the reproductive potential of the frozen semen and the stallion trade. At the present, artificial insemination techniques are developing in the world, so in order to improve the reproductive efficiency here it is necessary to evaluate be breeding profile of stallions in Shiraz as a preminary step. To reach this end, six stallions were chosen and sever criteria such as body condition, external genitalia appearance, normality of internal genital organs, semen evaluation (gross and microscopic examination) were taken into consideration in both breeding and non-breeding seasons. In this study semen evaluation showed that, the mean (±SD) of semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility and normal sperm were (109.5±24.3ml, 110.4±17x106/ml, %78±13.49 and %8521±9.05) in breeding season and (70.5±11.6ml, 56±20.7x106/ml, %59.7±13.94 and %69±15.7) In non- breeding season, respectively (p<0.05).But the mean (±SD) of abnormal sperm in the breeding season (%11.7±6.8) was lower than that of the non-breeding season (%17.14±7.02) (p<0.05). However at the mean sperm progressive .motility and normal sperm were more than %50 and %60 in both seasons respectively. It can be concluded that the stallion in Fars Province may be used for reproductive purposes in both seasons.

Phenoloxidase (PO) activity, cellular indices and total plasma protein of haemolymph of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon (6.2±0.84 g) exposed to three different sublethal concentrations of a crude oil were investigated. The experiment was conducted in a flow-through oil contaminated seawater system and the concentrations of the toxicant were assayed based on the means of naphthalenes in the crude oil at 0.455, 0.240 and 0.129ppm. The experimental animals were tested at 10different intervals (0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 384 h) after exposure. In this study the element of recognition (phenoloxidase activity) and effector branches (haemocytes) of immunesystem of black tiger shrimp were significantly (P<0.05) decreased during exposure to sublethal concentrations of crude oil. Results of the present study on the changes in total haemocyte counts, differential cell counts, and also PO activity reveal that sublethal concentrations of crude oil had a suppressive effect on important immune constituents of black tiger shrimp which suggests predispose the shrimp to immune-mediated diseases.