RAHYAFT
Year:2018 | Volume:28 | Issue:71|Papers Count:11

The growth of science has been always one of the issues that have been emphasized by the country's authorities and is considered as one of the scientific strategies features of the country. This research was conducted with the aim of examining the concept of the growth of science and its related indicators. In fact, the concept of the science growth and the criteria which it is evaluated by, the old and contemporary theories on science growth and the known patterns for science growth and also how they could be utilized are discussed in the present paper. The findings of this article deliberated the concept of science growth in two parts. First, the theoretical basis and in the second part, the different stages of growth, Price’ s model of scientific growth and Quadruple Patterns of Science Growth have been reviewed.

Achieving new ideas and effective strategies for developing the innovation and creativity, is attained by genuine scientific research and theorizing. Considering the importance of theorizing in producing new knowledge in the fields of human and social sciences, the present study seeks to identify the barriers of theorizing in these areas and providing some solutions to resolve these barriers. This study, conducted as a survey, is a descriptive and analytical type in terms of its purpose. The study population includes all the professors of the humanities and social sciences of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who have been served in the academic year of 2017-2018. The data gathering tool was a researcher made questionnaire, which was distributed among all community members (172 people) due to the limited research community. Finally, 121 questionnaires (return coefficient of return 70. 34%) were collected. Data analysis was performed using Friedman test. The findings showed that the most important barriers of the theorizing in the humanities and social sciences were respectively: cultural-political barriers, social barriers, economic, supportive and financial barriers, legal and organizational barriers, educational barriers, methodological (research) and individual-psychological barriers. At the end, some strategies to develop the theorizing in these areas were presented. Identifying the problems and challenges in the theorization path will help policy makers and decision makers to plan and act in the direction of removing obstacles and help to develop the process of theorizing of the humanities and social sciences.

The aim of the present work is to illustrate the most important theoretical gaps of commercialization of scientific research, in inside and outside of the country. In addition, some of the most significant research ideas are proposed to depict the future path of this topic. The utilized method in the investigation, which was led to this paper, was the library research and conceptual analysis. In World Literature, it is observed that some of the literatures have been mainly reasoned on the basis of sociological theories of science against the commercialization of scientific research, and some others, used the objective and empirical results, to provide their defense for commercialization as an existing reality. In domestic literature, five main topics, which attract the attention of authors, are as follow: definition the concepts of commercialization of scientific research, appropriate executive models in Iran, the success factors of commercialization of science in universities of the world and Iran, present obstacles in Iran, its positive and negative consequences. The two recent issues have more importance in domestic literature, mostly the scientific community of management, and to a lesser extent, the sociologists have been entered to this debate. Other scholars in the fields of science policy, economics of science, and philosophy of science have been disregarded to this issue. The debate on commercialization of scientific research within the country lacks the theoretical frameworks for analyzing, evaluating and proceeding to the necessity of the subject.

Nowadays, knowledge-based companies emphasis on knowledge protection as a continuous process of knowledge management for knowledge repository retention and competitive advantage. In fact, knowledge creation and sharing without protection will not lead to the creation of a sustainable value. This research aims to explore the knowledge protection strategies of NIOC (National Iranian Oil Company) as a knowledge-based company. Based on the exploratory nature of research, a single case study method was utilized. Knowledge protection consists of both explicit knowledge (e. g., documentation and patent submission) and tacit knowledge (e. g., intuition, expert). The result of this study shows that the risk of knowledge loss and the necessity of its protection must be taken into account in downsizing, lay off, retirement, outsourcing and etc. A review on the strategies of the National Oil Company, as a knowledge base company, to reduce any mentioned risks was performed.

An appropriate business environment is one of the important factors in the economic growth and development and in internal and international investment. The aim of this paper is to investigate and analysis the situation of Iran indexes from the viewpoint of business from 2013 to 2017. In this research, the analytic and longitudinal descriptive method was utilized. By utilizing the documentary and library studies and the published official statistics the indexes of business environment, the factors, evaluation components and the important barriers of each doing business indexes during five years in Iran, were analyzed. The findings showed that the indexes of"Dealing with construction permits", "Registering property" and "Getting electricity" have improved more than others index in recent years. The ranking of "Trading cross-borders", "Resolving Insolvency" and “ Protecting the minority investors” were the most declining over the years. At the end of the paper, in conclusion and suggestion sections, we analyzed both the improved indicators and improving indicators for mentioned indexes. There are not significance change for the other indexes.

The significant amount of annual public procurements in countries led the policymakers to the use of public procurements as the leverage power to stimulate the innovation. In fact the public procurement is a demand for products, services and systems in market and this demand with using new procurement methods can lead to formation of effective demand for innovations which is essential for fostering innovations. The aim of this article is to explain innovation-oriented methods in public procurement. Therefore, a library research was conducted on the role of demand in innovation and policy capacity of public procurement. Then, public procurements for innovation will be defined and distinguished from conventional public procurement. Subsequently, the possibility of applying innovation-oriented public procurement as an instrument of demand side innovation policy will be discussed. The taxonomy of innovation-oriented public procurement and obstacles for this method of procurement will be explained. Finally the conclusion is provided in which it is emphasized on the necessity of paying attention to the capacity of the public procurement in simulation of innovation in our country.

The Persian term ‘ Naqsh-e Jame‘ ‘ Elmi-ye Keshvar’ which appears to be a translation of the English term ‘ Science and technology (S&T) roadmap’ has entered in the public arena in Iran almost a decade ago. The S&T roadmap method has been in use in the West roughly since the early 1990s. It therefore seems this particular method (technology) has been introduced to the Iranian scientific community relatively rapidly and efforts towards indigenising it have been serious and swift. The aim of the present short paper is to critically assess the final version of the first S&T roadmap for Iran which was officially put in use in 2010.