JOURNAL OF FUNDAMENTALS OF MENTAL HEALTH
Year:2012 | Volume:14 | Issue:1 (53)|Papers Count:11

Introduction: Study of psychological factors affecting HIV-related mental illnesses is vital in promoting mental health of HIV patients. Among these factors are attachment styles and religious coping styles, which relation with mental health is studied in this study.Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 120 HIV+ patients in counseling centers in Shiraz, were randomly selected. After completing consent form, patients were studied via Revised Adult’s Attachment Styles (RAAS) by Collins and Reid, Religious Coping Styles Scale by Bodroxand General Mental Health (GHQ) by Goldberg.Results: Analysis of variance showed that HIV+ patients with secure attachment styles have better mental health than patients with both avoidant and anxious-ambivalent insecure attachment styles (P<0.001). Independent t-test showed that patients who use positive religious coping more frequently (P=0.007), have better mental health. To predict mental health based on secure attachment styles and religious coping styles, multiple regression method was used. Results indicated that among HIV+ patients secure attachment styles is the most important predictor of mental health.Conclusion: Results indicated that higher positive religious coping and secure attachment styles can result in better mental health of HIV+ patients.

Introduction: A large number of pregnancies are unwanted which may cause tension, anxiety, and decreased quality of life. Reproductive behavior in unintended pregnancies can be a guide to improvement of women’s mental health.Materials and Methods: Subjects included 400 women seen in maternity clinics of Mashhad hospitals. Subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire for reproductive behavior and adaptation with unwanted pregnancy, Chi-square test, t test and ANOVA were used.Results: Thirty-six percent of the subjects reported unwanted pregnancies. Mean age of subjects was 22 years (range 42-16 years). In unwanted pregnancies, mean gestational age was 1.9 years and mean age at first pregnancy was 2.2 years more compared with those with wanted pregnancies, the average age of marriage 1.2 years less than and the average number of children was 1.1 higher than other group. Natural method was an important factor in unwanted pregnancies. At the end of pregnancy 83% of women who had unplanned pregnancy still were dissatisfied.Conclusion: Different reproductive behaviors were seen in unwanted pregnancies. Informing women of the high failure rate of natural method is an effective measure in reducing unwanted pregnancies. Because of the high prevalence of unwanted pregnancy and its effects on maternal mental health, use of screening tools for detection of psychopathology, counseling and psychological support for women in conjunction with routine care during pregnancy and postpartum seem necessary.

Introduction: The purpose of study was to determine the relationship between attachment style and life expectancy in mothers of sons with educable intellectually disability.Materials and Methods: In this correlation study, all of mothers (N=127) whose sons were in special education in Shiraz were selected. Subjects completed adult attachment questionnaire (AAS) and scale of life expectancy (AHS). Data were analyzed by with Spearman correlation coefficient and one-way analysis of variance.Results: Findings showed positive and significant (P<0.001) correlation between life expectancy and secured attachment style in mothers. There was also a negative and significant (P<0.001) correlation with unsecured (avoidant and ambivalent) attachment style.Conclusion: Life expectancy may improve in mothers with secured attachment style and decrease in those with unsecure (avoidant and ambivalent) attachment style.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to provide evidence of validity and reliability of Revised version of the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation Scale (TOCAS-R) among Iranian elementary students. Materials and Methods: This investigation is a psychometrics study. Three hundred 3rd and 4th grade students (ages 9 and 10) were selected through multi-stages sampling from Tabriz elementary schools. Samples completed TOCAS and Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS). Exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and internal consistency were used to calculate the TOCAS factor structure (construct validity), convergent validity and reliability, respectively.Results: To obtain structure validity, principal component analysis with varimax rotation identified three factors, namely, inattention, aggression, and prosocial behavior. Cronbach alpha of the scale showed that this scale had reliable internal consistency. The TOCAS was specifically developed for assessing teachers’ perceptions of children’s classroom behaviors and adjustment to the school environment. Significant correlations were found between subscales of TOCAS and DBRS (P<0.05).Conclusion: TOCAS may be useful for program evaluators and researchers who are interested in using a valid, reliable, and efficient method for assessing change in student behaviors.

Introduction: Postpartum depression is a prevalent disorder with different etiologies, among them mode of delivery. The present study was conducted to determine relationship between mode of delivery and depression in women at 2 and 8weeks postpartum. Materials and Methods: In this prospective analytic study (2007-2008), a total of 420 women visited at health centers in Amol city who met inclusion criteria were recruited through non-probability sampling and filled the questionnaire of Edinburgh postpartum scale (EPDS) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Women who had EPDS score>12 were excluded. Three hundred cases were followed 2 and 8 weeks postpartum and completed questionnaires on demographics, delivery, postpartum, and infant characteristics and Edinburgh postpartum depression scale. Data were analyzed using by SPSS software, chi-square, T-test, Mann-Whitney, and Linear regression.Results: There was no significant difference between two groups in their education, occupation, economic status, and wanted/unwanted pregnancy, satisfaction from husband and family support. At 2nd week postpartum, prevalence of postpartum depression was 10.3% and there was no significant difference between 2 groups. At 8th week postpartum the prevalence of depression was 13% and there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the mean score of postpartum depression at 2nd, 8th weeks.Conclusion: Regarding the high prevalence of postpartum depression, the screening, recognition and assessment of this disorder is important. Health care providers should consider educating women during pregnancy and postpartum.

Introduction: The aim of this research was comparison of bipolar patients’ quality of life with healthy population. Materials and Methods: This research was done on 100 bipolar patients whose euthymic state was documented by a psychiatrist. They were evaluated with use of quality of life-short form 36 questionnaire (QOL-SF-36). As control group, a control group which was selected from patients’ visitors and hospital staff was evaluated with this questionnaire. Data were analyzed using T-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. This study was done in psychiatric clinic of Shiraz Hafez Hospital in 2010-2011.Results: Results show that patients are in a worse condition than normal population in aspects of quality of life such as” physical function (P=0.022), body pain (P<0.0001), general health (P<0.0001), social function (P<0.0001), and mental health (P<0.0001). In patients group, results of ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient show that females are in better state of vitality than males. Single and married patients are in better condition of emotional-role than those who are divorced (respectively P=0.013 and P=0.010).Conclusion: Not only bipolar patients’ quality of life is disturbed in manic and depressive episodes, but also in euthymic phase of the disorder, main domains of quality of life are affected.

Introduction: Family is a natural social system that couples are its major subsystems in the all of stages of its development, and (the marital satisfaction of them is determinant in the both state of causal and target) many factors such as attachment styles and differentiation components play a role in their marital satisfaction. The aim of this research was to predict marital satisfaction on the basis of attachment styles and differentiation components. Materials and Methods: This research was a fundamental and descriptive research that was done in the shape of a predictive correlative design. The statistical universe in this research, were married workers of Tabriz University and Tabriz Medical Sciences University in academic year 2010- 2011.200 people were chosen from this universe by considering the gender. After cutting the deficient cases, sample size reduced to 184 people. The age range of subjects was from 23 until 54. Enrich marital satisfaction test, Skowron differentiation of self and Hazen and Shaver attachment styles inventory were used for gathering the data. Correlation and stepwise regression were used for data analysis.Results: The results showed that from components of differentiation of self, I-position and from components of attachment styles, ambivalent attachment style (P<0.001) are the best predictors of marital satisfaction.Conclusion: The research results support from this belief that the primary relationship in family environment, cause the shaping of special attachment style and states of low or high differentiation and these primary experiences have direct effect on couples' interpersonal relationship in adulthood.

Introduction: Mental disorders difficultly are detected because not associated with physical defects. When disorders have signs and symptoms are very similar, the problem is much. The main goal of this study was survey of comparison of memory writing style in patients with disorders, schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood. Materials and Methods: Research methods of this study were after the events, the type of case-control on 60 patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood of Fatemi and Eisar hospital in Ardabil city in 2008. Participants were chosen with sampling available method. Data were collected using clinical interview questionnaire and symptoms of positive and negative questionnaire (PANSS). For data analysis variance methods was used.Results: Findings showed that the average age of patients was 68.07±10.36 years. There was no difference between groups from education level, marital status, occupation and age. Difference between groups was significant of the number of days hospitalization (P<0.01). Patients memories of bipolar mood was variation than other groups (schizoaffective, schizophrenia) that there is statistically significant (P<0.01). Schizophrenia patients in comparison with other two groups were higher writing irregularities that there is statistically significant (P<0.01). Schizophrenia patients in comparison with other two groups were lower average number of emotional words that there is statistically significant (P<0.01).Conclusion: The results showed the average number of memories emotional words in schizophrenia patients less than schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients, and schizoaffective patients less than bipolar mood patients. Also manner of writing, schizophrenia patients were higher writing irregularities compare with schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients and this writing irregularities schizoaffective patients more than bipolar mood patients.