JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2015 | Volume:23 | Issue:5|Papers Count:24

Introduction: This study was to determine biomechanical property and radiography of autogenously bone graft covered with Nano hydroxyapatite in the defect of radial bone in rabbit.Materials & methods: Eighteen adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used which were divided into three groups of six rabbits each. A segmental bone defect of 10 mm in length was created in radial shaft. The defects in group I were left as such without filler, whereas in group II the defect were filled up with harvested 10 mm rib, bone and in group III the defect were packed with rib bone covered with nano-hydroxyapatite. The animals were examined by radiography, and the load bearing index were measured at the end of examin.Findings: On the radiographs, bone repair in Group I was not as perfect as those in Group II samples and trace of internal callus filled the gap incompletely in 60 days in Group I. Radiographs obtained in the experimental group showed that the radiopacity of scaffold used in gap was non-uniform but so that non-uniformity in the three months after surgery decreased gradually. Repair defect in Group A and Group B the same group showed no significant difference. The load bearing of group II, III compared with group demonstrated a different significant (P<0.05).Discussion & Conclusions: Implantation of autologous graft covered with hydroxyapatite indicated to have positive effect in integral formation of qualitative callus at the site of fracture and early re-organization of callus to regain mechanical strength too.

Introduction: Free radicals are involved in the development and exacerbation of neurological diseases and antioxidants play a protective role. In this study the effect of oral administration of pomegranate seed extract (PGSE) was investigated on assess the rate of lipid peroxidation and measuring the rate of thiol groups (-SH) in an animal model of chronic ischemic hypoperfusion.Material & methods: The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, ischemia group and ischemia group receiving the pomegranate seed extract. For ischemia in the rat, general carotid arteries blocked by means of skin suture with two tight knot around the vessel (top and bottom) and then arteries were completely intersect. Then the rats' brains were extracted to assess the rate of lipid peroxidation and measuring the rate of thiol groups (-SH).Findings: Our results showed that malondialdehyde and thiol in ischemia group has significantly increased (p< 0.001) than in control group and rate of malondialdehyde and thiol in ischemia group receiving the extract of pomegranate seed has significantly decreased, respectively (p<0.001) and (p<0.001), than in ischemia group.Discussion & Conclusion: Pomegranate seed extract possibly with powerful antioxidant properties, can improve the effect of ischemia such as production of free radicals.

Introduction: High levels of inflammatory markers are associated with several chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes. Exercise and physical activity is accepted as a sterategy to reduce these diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 10 weeks resistance and aerobic training on resting levels of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-1b (IL-1b) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in sedentary overweight men.Materials & methods: Thirty sedentary men with average ages 26.6±2.9 yr, and body mass index 28.3±1.8 kg/m2, randomly were assigned to resistance training (n=10), aerobic training (n=11), and control (n=9) groups. Fasting blood sample were collected before and after 10 weeks from intervention, and resting levels of cytokines were measured. Also body mass index, waist to hip ratio, body fat percent, maximal strength and maximal oxygen uptake was estimated. Resistance training program consists of 7 exercises at 70-80% of 10-repetition maximum in each exercise, and aerobic training included cycling on ergometer at 70-80% maximal heart rate for 10 weeks and three sessions per week.Findings: After 10 weeks resistance and aerobic training despite a decrease in the average, no significant change was observed in resting levels of TNF-a, IL-1b and IL-6 (p˃0.05). VO2max showed significantly increase, body fat percent and waist to hip ratio significant decrease in both training groups, and maximal strength significant increase only in resistance training (p˂0.05).Discussion & Conclusion: These results indicated that 10 weeks resistance and aerobic training with moderate intensity and volume are not sufficient to reduce inflammatory cytokines in sedentary healthy overweight men. It can be concluded that the probable reason for not reducing of this cytokines is because of the normal concentrations in baseline and the subjects being young.

Introduction: There are various methods for NOx abatement from flue gas among which the catalytic methods are more conventional. SCR-NOx (Selective catalytic reduction of NOx) is one of the catalytic methods. In this research for the first time, natural clinoptilolite zeolite was used in order to the NOx abatement using methane as reducing agent.Materials & methods: The chemical modification of the zeolite is conducted by ion-exchange and calcination methods. The catalytic behavior of the sample was investigated using the integral fixed bed catalytic reactor in flow rate of 400 ml/min at temperature range of 200-500oC.Findings: The protonated Iranian clinoptilolite zeolite showed a promising performance for NOx reduction via selective catalytic reduction by Methane. The corresponding temperature of maximum activity (63% conversion of NOx to N2) was 450oC at a low GHSV of 20,280 h-1.Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that this zeolite and its preparation method is an effective method for NOx abatement in comparison with other methods.

Introduction: Health care expenditure has been low over the years in developing regions of the world. World statistics show that high-income countries spend more money on health spending and they have better health indicators. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of health care expenditure on population health status in Iran and to examine the effect by public and private expenditure sources.Materials & methods: The study used time series data for the period from 1995 to 2012. The life expectancy at birth, infant mortality rate and mortality rate are used as indicators of health status.Findings: The results indicate that total health expenditures has a positive effect on life expectancy at birth and crude mortality rate but it has a negative effect on infant mortality rate. Both public and private health care spending showed significant association with some health status even though public health care spending had relatively higher impact.Discussion & Conclusion: The findings imply that health care expenditure remains a crucial component of health status improvement in Iran. Increasing health care expenditure will be a significant step in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Further, policy makers need to establish effective public-private partnership in allocating health care expenditures.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is one of the chronic, non-curable diseases of central nervous system and according to various studies its signs could have a negative impact on quality of life among these patients. Hence, the present study sought to examine the effectiveness of logotherapy on quality of life among MS patients.Matherials & method: This is an experimental research with pretest- posttest and control group; the population included all of patients with MS in Shahrekord in 2013. Cluster sampling was used to select the sample. Instruments which were used in this study included MSQOL-54 inventory for quality of life and group logotherapy.Results: Results showed that logotherapy is effective on quality of life in MS patients as the 76% increase in dependent variable in this study is quality of life related to effectiveness of group logotherapy.Discussion & Conclusion: Logotherapy as a technic, with increasing responsibility, transformation of patient's beliefs about life and increasing life expectancy lead to improvement of quality of life in patient with MS in physical and psychological dimensions.

Introduction: Mono-aromatic Hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene are volatile, non-ionic and non-polar compounds that have been used in the vehicles fuel and as solvents in industrial activities. This study was conducted to investigate the performance of clay modified with cationic and non-ionic surfactants in the removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene from aqueous solutions.Materials & methods: The experiments were carried outin batch system. The effect of various parameters including surfactant loading (0.2-4 times of clay CEC), contact time (0-24 hr), pH (4-12) and pollutant concentration (10-200 mg/l) was surveyed on the sorption.Findings: The results showed that the maximum BTEX adsorption occurred in the surfactant loading of two times of cation exchange capacity of the clay. The optimum contact time of the sorption occurred at 24 hr. The sorption capacity of TTAB-Mt and PEG-Mt for BTEX was 22.11 mg/g and 18.77 mg/g, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm and pseudo second-order kinetic models fitted the data better than other isotherm and kinetic models.Discussion & Conclusion: The sorption capacity of both the sorbents was of no significant differences, but the toxicity and also the cost of non-ionic surfactant is less than cationic surfactant; therefore, it is recommended that clay modified by non-ionic surfactant instead of cationic surfactant is used to remove BTEX from aqueous solutions.

Introduction: Exposure to pollution due to bioaerosols almost is an inescapable feature of urban living throughout the world. Contact with ambient microorganisms with a wide range of harmful effects on health. Air microbes can cause respiratory infections in patients with immune deficiency and are responsible for communicable diseases. The main objective of this study was to measurement of Actinomycets concentration and impact of environmental parameters on concentration of actinomycetes in normal and dusty conditions and in Ahvaz city.Materials & methods: In this descriptive- cross-sectional study, The air sampling was performed by Air trapping method from the level of respiratory (height 5.1 meters) by the quick take 30 system with a flow rate of 14.3 L/min within 5 and 15 minutes at different stations during the summer, fall and winter in Ahvaz for 9 months (183 samples in total). Sampling was performed at normal conditions in two times per day: morning (9–12) and afternoon (14:00–17:00) and for dusty condition (morning, noon and afternoon). Colonies grown on a nutrient medium (TSA) was counted by using direct method and colony counter and was expressed in terms of colony forming units per cubic meter (CFU m-3). The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS and Excel software.Findings: The number of colonies of actinomycetes in dusty days was 2.5 times than normal days (1.66 times). Winter was more polluted in the case of actinomycets concentration. There was a significant association between particle concentration with the number of colonies formed in cubic meter of air and there was a negative relationship between actinomycets concentration and ambient temperature, while a positive association was observed between wind speed, PM2.5, PM10 with actinomycets concentration.Discussion & Conclusion: whatever environment has more population density and traffic, and low vegetation, the concentration of bacteria and actinomycets in environment is high.

Introduction: Recirculation has an important role in hemodialysis. Since the base of hemodialysis therapy is its quality, survey recirculation rate is very important. This study aimed at determining access recirculation and its relationship with some factors in hemodialysis patients.Materials & methods: In this cross sectional study 83 chronic hemodialysis patients with catheter and arterio-venous fistula vascular access were selected in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran in winter 2014. Urea based method was used to determine recirculation (with cut off 10%). For each patient KT/V, distance between arterial and venous needles and their directions, fistula location and hemodialysis time were recorded.Findings: Fifty four and twenty nine patients were male and female, respectively and their average age was 58.2 years. Cause of kidney disease for 35% of patients was diabetic mellitus. Among patients 58 and 25 patients were dialysed through fistula and permanent catheter, respectively. Recirculation average in all patients was 11.6%. Effects of distance between arterial and venous needles, their directions and positions of catheters on average degree of recirculation was significant (P<0.05). Average degree of recirculation for patients with good adequate hemodialysis (KT/V > 1.2) was 8.35% (P<0.05).Discussion & Conclusion: With regards to significant effects of distance between arterial and venous needles, their directions and positions of catheters on average degree of recirculation it is clear that we can improve recirculation degree by emphasis on education and training of hemodialysis staffs.

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral based stress management training on depression of MS female patients.Materials & methods: this study employed a quasi-experimental research method with pre-test posttest, control group and random assignment. The statistical population consists of all female MS patients referring to Iran MS association in 2013. 24 individuals are selected by available sampling among them and were divided into intervention and control group randomly. For measuring independent variable beck’s depression inventory were used.Findings: The results of analysis of ANCOVA showed that cognitive-behavioral based stress management training has been effective on depression reduction of MS female patients (depression: P<0/01).Discussion & Conclusion: According to obtained results we believe that cognitive-behavioral based stress management training program has been effective on depression reduction of MS female patients. Thus this training method can be used for target groups and general population as an interventional program.

Introduction: The synthesis of hepcidin is greatly stimulated by inflammation or iron overload. Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide which is known to be as an inflammatory marker for many diseases. This study attempts to determine hepcidin levels in patients with pneumonia and introduce it as a perfect diagnostic marker for pneumonia.Materials & methods: In this study, 30 patients with pneumonia and 20 healthy controls participated. Plasma hepcidin, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and ferritin values were measured by Elisa method and plasma iron levels were also assayed by using a spectrophotometry method. Data were compared by using «t-test, ROC curve and Correlation test».Findings: Plasma levels of hepcidin, IL-6 and ferritin in the patient group showed a significant increase compared to the control group (p<0.0001). A significant positive correlation was detected between hepcidin by IL-6 (p< 0.0001, r: 0.807) and ferritin concentrations (p< 0.0001, r: 0.718) in patient group, but there was a significant negative correlation between plasma hepcidin concentration and iron (p<0.0001, r: - 0.679). Area under ROC curve (AUC), diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of hepcidin for detection of pneumonia were 1, 90 – 96.7 % and 100%, respectively. Hepcidin values were increased in individuals by pulmonary infiltration and fever.Discussion & Conclusion: According to the results, plasma hepcidin has good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of pneumonia and it can be used as a perfect diagnostic biomarker for this disease.

Introduction: Women as half of the population have a direct impact on the development and also removing obstacles to women's active participation in the economic, social and political affairs.Materials & methods: Considering objective, the research is of the fundamental type and based on method it is descriptivesurvey. For data collection, Delphi method and questionnaires were used. Also, T-test was used for data analysis. Ministry of Health and Medical Education Department, being the second minisery having the largest number of working women is the statistical society of the current study.Findings: Results indicates that the level of trust (0.80), seeking success (0.67), family support (1.16), belief in women’s capabilities (0.80), organizational support (1.26), equal organizational opportunities (0.71), access to information and communication networks (1.03), gender equality attitudes (0.73), managerial knowledge (0.72), observance of religious rites (0.88), managerial skills (0.91) is less than average among women.Discussion & Conclusion: The most important issues that organizations regularly face is that who should be the manager so that she would be able to enjoy the administrative authority, and the power of attracting others contribution. And always when a man and a woman candidate for office management male gender is considered as a weight in the scaling pan and causes victory of males in the selection process. In the Islamic system, women and men are of the same rights, namely, Education and ownership, voting, and generally, in all aspects. However, Indicators of promotion of women in managerial positions in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education is very low and below average.

Introduction: Infertility can impose numerous psychological consequences on infertile patients. One of these consequences is reduction of psychological well-being. Therefore, the development of capabilities such as resilience to deal with the consequences or prevent them can be helpful. So, the aim of present study was to investigate the effect of resilience training on increasing well-being of infertile women.Material & methods: The method of this study was a semi experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the present research comprised infertile women referred to Infertility Centers and gynecologists' private offices in Tehran.in 2013 22 infertile women selected by using of available sampling method and randomly assigned in two experimental and control groups (each group: 11 persons). The experimental group received resilience education for 12 weekly sessions. Data were gathered by using Reef wellbeing questionnaires. Data were analyzed by the SPSS 16 and presented with covariance (ANCOVA) test. Alpha level less than. 05 was considered significance (p<0.05).Findings: The results showed that resilience training was effective in increasing psychological of well-being (p<0.001) and its components including Self-acceptance (p<0.001), Positive relations with other (p<0.001), Autonomy (p<0.01), Mastery on environment (p<0.031), Purpose and direction in life (p<0.001) and Personal growth (p<0.021).Discussion & Conclusion: Due to the Effect of resilience training on Psychological well-being in infertile women, we can benefit this method as a complementary therapy beside medical treatments and therefore use it to increase psychological health in these patients.

Introduction: Collaboration because of the effects on the function of healthcare team is considered in many countries. Complexity, ambiguity and multi-dimensional of concept have been obstacle the proper use of it. Clarity of dimensions and characteristics of the concept is the purpose of this study.Materials & methods: In this study the concept of collaboration was analyzed based on three phases of a hybrid concept analysis, theoretical, fieldwork, and final analysis. In the theoretical phase, full texts of 273 articles in the databases were evaluated with no time limit to September 2013.18 participants nurse were elicited in the fieldwork phase via unstructured interviews. Interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim then qualitative content analysis was used to analyze fieldwork phase data. In the final step of combining the two previous stages, the overall analysis was performed.Findings: Based on review of literature, collaboration was defined. In field work stage extracted categories based on participants experiences included 1) prerequisites of collaboration; 2) actualizing of collaboration; and 3) achieving a common goal. In the final stage the hybrid model was presented with integration of previous stages.Discussion & Conclusion: The results of this study will help clarify the concept of collaboration in the healthcare system. This clarification can lead to offering comprehensive view and better understanding for use in the research and practice.

Introduction: Ultrasound is a medical imaging technique for evaluation and assessment of body deep tissues such as spleen, liver, muscles, tendons, blood vessels, and their lesions. In addition, it is used in pregnancy. Purkinje cells of cerebellum are largest cells in central nervous system which during growth and differentiation have high sensitivity to various factors, including environmental, genetic and chemical factors. Alcohol is one of the most common and most effective toxins that affect purkinje cells and reducing their number. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of the diagnostic ultrasound waves on number of cerebellar purkinje cells in the alcoholic rat cerebellum.Materials & methods: Six female Wistar rats were selected for matting. After childbirth, the newborn were divided into six groups including one control group and five experimental groups (Alcoholic group and two groups with 3 and 5 MHz ultrasound-exposed, and two groups with alcohol+ultrasound-exposed groups that were exposed to 3 and 5 MHz ultrasound waves). After animals scarification and preparation of tissue slices, purkinje cells of cerebellum were counted using Motic software. Statistical analysis performed using Tukey test and ANOVA variance analysis.Findings: The data showed that consumption of alcohol significantly decreased the number of purkinje cells of cerebellum and diagnostic ultrasound waves compensate this reduction and significantly increased the number of purkinje cells.Discussion & Conclusion: according to results ultrasound waves as noninvasive method can compensate number of cerebellar purkinje cells that have been decreased by alcohol, and can be a new strategy for the treatment of cerebellar disorders during the development.

Introduction: Beta thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by anomalies in the synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) is used for fetal genotyping and as it is an invasive procedure, it has the risk of abortion. As a result, it is desirable to use a noninvasive method instead. The aim of this study was to present a noninvasive method for prenatal diagnosis of b-Thalassemia based on pattern of paternal polymorphism.Materials & methods: In this study 30 families with the risk of thalassemia were screened. RFLP pattern of these families were identified and it was possible to investigate the transmission of paternal gene for thalassemia. Whole blood sample was drawn from mothers at gestation weeks 10-12 and their plasma was separated.Findings: A cellular DNA of 7 plasma that contains DNA from both mother and fetus was investigated for RFLP informative sites of beta-globin gene.Discussion & Conclusion: Although the amount of fetal DNA in plasma is less than maternal DNA, we could detect specific RFLP pattern of fetus and identified transmission of paternal allele.

Introduction: In the current research, the effectiveness of silver's Nano- particles anti- microbial activity on the pathogenic and resistant positive- gram and negativegram bacteria in the hospital infections have been studied. In this study, the primary density of bacteria was constant and only Nano- particles and items of studied bacteria were variable.Materials & methods: At first, this study uses the available chemical reagents and conditions only apply controlling optimum conditions, nanoparticles with a size of about 20-35 nm were synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Using Macro dilution method the different densities of silver Nano- particles and Zinc Nano- particles (medium+Nano- particle) were prepared as: 0.01 percent, 0.1 percent, 0.5 percent, 1 percent and 1.5 percent. Then density of 1.5 cell/ml was prepared for Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa the containers which included treatment medium (bacterium+Nanoparticle) and control medium have been placed in incubator shaker with 250 cycle in minute and 37oC for 24h. after passing this time, light density 600 nm ware length was used for measuring bacteria density, then OD in treatment and+control and – control were determined. Nano- particles dilutions were used in bacteria medium for calibrating spectrophotometer as a blank solution.. These results are statistically significant. (P-value<0.01).Findings: Statistical analysis about Zn; Ag Nano- particles showed that in 0.5 percent density; Nano- particles were bactericide and they could eliminate 100% of Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and in 0.01 percent density for all two bacteria, these Nano- particles were bacteriostatic.Discussion & Conclusion: in the laboratorial tests of Nano-Materials, contact with them, bacteria will be killed. The obtained results for Nano- particles' antibacteria property showed that there is a direct relationship between Nano- particles density and the amount of bacteriums elimination.

Introduction: Increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS in our country, as well as reported cases of recurrence and treatment failure among patients with tuberculosis in Hamadan province, the need for studies to determine the primary and secondary drug resistance of TB among TB patients is essential. There for this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of primary and secondary drug resistance of TB among TB patients were smear positive pulmonary in province in 2013.Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2013 in the province. All smear positive TB patients with positive sputum culture were studied by antibiogram. And drug resistance to rifampin, isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol were studied.Findings: From 51 smear positive patients, 34 patients were studied for primary drug resistance. One of them was resistant to isoniazid. and another was resistant to rifampin and isoniazid simultaneously (MDR-TB). From 10 cases were studied for secondary resistance a patient was resistant to rifampin.Discussion & Conclusion: Primary and secondary drug resistance, either as MDR-TB and mono-drug in patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis Hamadan there. Identification and treatment of TB patients full and timely is important to prevent the spread of disease. Follow the instructions state that administration of anti-TB correctly, Correct and appropriate and full treatment regime directly supervised by a trained and interested observer is the most basic way to prevent drug-resistant of TB in the community.

Introduction: Diabetes is a combination of carbohydrate metabolic disorders in which glucose is consumed less and causes hyperglycemia. Postprandial hyperglycemia is known as the main side effect of diabetes 2. The Quercus infectoria is a fagaceae, s family of plants that has therapeutic effects on astringent, antidiabetic, antifungal, antimicrobial, local anaesthetic and antiinflammatory. In the present study, for the first time, the effect of ethanol extract of the acorn inner bark on postprandial blood glucose level in normal and deiabetic male rats was studied.Matherials & methods: 88 Wistar male rats weighting 250-300gr were randomly divided into five normal and six diabetics were exposed by streptozotocin. The doses of 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg of the extract and 5mg/kg acarbose in the form of gavage and dose of 250mg/kg extract in the form of gavages and intraperitoneal intragastric injection along with intragastric injection of maltose 2 gr/kg were studied. Blood glucose level was measured by glucometer at zero times (before injection) and also 30, 60, 120 minutes after injection.Findings: In normal and diabetic rats the different doses of the extract comparing with the control group caused a significant reduction of postprandial glucose. In normal rats 250mg/kg dose was more effective in comparison with acarbose 5mg/kg. In diabetic rats the injection of intraperitoneal extract was as effective as gavage injection in lowering postprandial blood glucose.Discussion & Conclusion: Intraperitoneal extract injection was as effective as gavage injection in lowering blood glucose; hence, it shows that it would be probable that the effectiveness of the extract is formed by increasing the sensitivity of the cells to the insulin.