JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2017 | Volume:25 | Issue:1|Papers Count:21

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with different neurological disorders in the nervous system that will eventually lead to cell damage. The previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of exercise on brain damage caused by diabetic neuropathy in animal models. In the present study, the effect of aerobic exercise training on cell death in the hippocampal CA1 area neurons in diabetic male rats was investigated.Materials & methods: 21 adult male Wistar rats (weighing 260-300 g) were purchased from Tehran Pasteur Institute and were randomly divided into three groups: sham group, diabetic group and diabetic+exercise training group (7 rats per group). Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally streptozotocin (STZ) administration at the dose of 60mg/kg. The diabetes criterion was the blood glucose level higher than 250 mg/dl. One week after induction of diabetes, the rats in exercise training group were trained to run on a treadmill 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Necrotic cell death was detected by Nissl staining and apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining.Findings: The results showed that aerobic exercise training significantly reduced the diabetes-induced necrotic cell death (p<0.01) and apoptosis (p<0.05) in the hippocampal CA1 area neurons.Discussion & conclusions: This study showed that aerobic exercise training has neuroprotective effects against diabetic neuropathy. This neuroprotective mechanism of exercise can be an effective way to reduce cerebral complications of diabetes.

Introduction: Ischemic stroke is the most common cause of stroke, paralysis and movement disorders are the most symptoms of stroke. Therefore, it is important to find amethod for improving the disorders. This study aimed to examine the clinical efficacy of frankincense in patients with the acuteisc hemic stroke.Materials & methods: In this clinical trial, 06 patients with ischemic stroke were randomly allocated into the treatment and control groups (n=30). In the treatment group, in addition to routine treatment of stroke, four capsules containing 500 mg powdered frankincense were given each day, but in the control group, were performed only the treatment of stroke (nofrankincense) was performed. Thetreat ment lasted for 1 month. The NIHSS scale (for assessment of speech and muscle strength) at the beginning, the seventh dayand the end of the study for each patient was completed. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test, chisquare, and Mann withney in SPSS software.Findings: Results showed that only improvement of muscle strength in patient sleft limb increased significantly in stage IIin the treatment group than the control group.Discussion & conclusions: Addingfrankincense to treatment of patients with stroke can be effective on improvementmuscle strength in patients with muscle weakness and non-dominant side in acuteneurological disorders while that is not effective on improving muscle strength ofthe right limb or speech.

Introduction: Data mining refers to the study and analysis of large amounts of data for discovering meaningful patterns and rules. Mainly through the models and algorithms, data mining puts the inputs in a specific order. Data mining techniques sometimes lead to the identification of meaningful algorithms which can use available and low-cost data in order to provide us with areas of infection, prevention, and treatment of diseases and help the physicians in timely and accurate diagnosis.Materials & Methods: The present paper aimed to study the use of the results of data mining of hospital information systems by hospital managers for more accurate prediction and more effective decision-making about treatment of patients. The data used in this study included the information of 270 patients (14 variables) extracted from the database of UCI website. A “neural networks” model was used for the prediction of affliction with heart disease and its accuracy was measured and compared.Research findings :According to the results, it can be observed that Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks Model has classified the set of test observations with an accuracy of 83.33%.Discussion & Conclusion: The results showed that the accuracy of “neural networks” model in classification of records in terms of heart disease response is 87.75% for the set of modeling records and 83.33% for the set of test records. In addition, the findings revealed that the variables of the number of large vessels (Nbr-ves), stress reduction (ST-dep), defect, chest pain, stress peak (Peak-ST), heart rate, angina, gender, age, static ECG (Res-elec), blood pressure (Blood-press), blood sugar, and serum cholesterol (Serum-chol), respectively, have the highest importance in “Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks” model for the prediction of heart disease response.

Introduction: Oxidative stress is resulting from the imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant system of the body. Increased oxidative stress in the brain causes impaired brain activity, neuronal death, and diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, the protective effect of Ferula szowitsiana plant against oxidative stress caused by cerebral ventricular injection of ethidium bromide was evaluated.Materials & methods: With direct single injection of 0.01 % ethidium bromide (EB) into the Cornu ammonis (CA1) of hippocampal formation the induction of MS was done. One week after MS induction, animals received intrahippocampal (5 μg/rat and 10 μg/rat) administration of the extract for 3 consecutive days. At the end, the bilateral hippocampi was dissected and used for the measurement of oxidative stress markers. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using one-way ANOVA.Findings: Hippocampal injection of EB caused significant increment of total antioxidant capacity (p<0.001) and activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and decrease activity of CAT (p<0.01). Short-term local injection of Ferula szowitsiana extract significantly reduced the total antioxidant capacity (p<0.001) and activity of CAT and SOD enzymes (p<0.001) to the normal levels.Discussion & conclusions: The results of the present study show that local injection of EB cause increasing production of the free radicals. The Ferula szowitsiana extract as a potent antioxidant modulates oxidative stress markers, probably through scavenging of reactive oxygen species )ROS( and clearing of free radicals from the cellular milieu.

Introduction: Prognosis is the important information for health care providers, patients and their relatives in the hospital. In this regard, to predict mortality and morbidity, various methods e.g. physiological status and severity of illness scoring systems and also the relationship between serum magnesium levels and mortality rate have been developed and evaluated. But the relationship between these factors and the outcome is not well known. The aim of this study is “to compare the prognosis in patients with normal and low magnesium level in intensive care unit admission in relation with acute physiology and chronic health evaluation system (APACHE) II, III and Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores".Materials & methods: This prospective observational cohort study was done in a general adult intensive care unit, over 18 months ‘periods. The eligibility patients (N=180) included into two groups normal magnesium and hypomagnesaemia by census sampling method and were followed until discharge or death. Data collection tools were a questionnaire and a check list. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 15.Findings: The results showed more than half of the patients were male. The SOFA, APACHE III score in patients with hypomagnesaemia was higher than normomagnesaemia patients. But APACHE II scores were not significantly different among the two groups. In addition, mortality incidence in patients with hypomagnesemia was higher (53.3%) compared to patients with normomagnesaemia (23.3%) (p<0.0001).Discussion & conclusions: The results of this study are further emphasis on the role of admission's hypomagnesemia in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) on mortality and morbidity prognosis. It seems that due to limitations in hospital facilities in the country, careful monitoring of serum magnesium and its timely replacement for patients prioritization, resource allocation and risk reduction are appropriate.

Introduction: Tay-Sachs is a genetic disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance affecting the central nervous system. The disorder mainly results from mutations in the HEXA gene on chromosome 15. Sequencing is used to detect mutations and sequence variations in the HEXA gene, which is expensive and time consuming. Alternatively, linkage analysis of polymorphic markers such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) could be used in heterozygous carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of the disease in families with an affected individual.Materials & methods: A large number of SNP markers have been introduced for the HEXA gene in the electronic databases. In the present study the genotype and informative situation of rs2288258 genetic marker in HEXA gene region was investigated using Tetra-primer ARMS PCR technique with newly designed primers in Isfahan population. Estimation of allelic frequency, genotype frequency, presence of Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and the amount of polymorphism information content (PIC) was computed by Power Marker software.Findings: The results indicated 9.12% minor allele frequency (MAF) and PIC=0.1520 for rs2288258 marker in the Isfahan population. Also, analysis of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium showed the presence of equilibrium for this marker in the mentioned population.Discussion & conclusions: The results indicated 9.12% minor allele frequency (MAF) and PIC=0.1520 for rs2288258 marker in the Isfahan population. Also, analysis of Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium showed the presence of equilibrium for this marker in the mentioned population. Totally, according to the results of this study rs2288258 genetic marker could be introduced as an SNP marker for linkage analysis in carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis of HEXA mutations in Isfahan population.

Introduction: Catastrophizing about pain has been identified as one of the most important psychological variables in transition of acute pain to chronic disabling pain. This study aimed at investigating the psychometric properties of a Persian-language version of the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) amongst a sample of patients with chronic pain.Materials & methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 195 patients with chronic pain using convenience method. Participants completed a group of self-report measures including the Persian versions of PCS, pain severity, daily pain-related interference, physical disability, depression, anxiety, catastrophising, positive and negative effects and pain self-efficacy beliefs. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods.Findings: The factor structure of the PCS was examined, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicated that PCS is conceptualized within a two-factor model, namely magnification and rumination/helplessness. Results also indicated that the PCS and its two subscales have good internal consistency (alphas range from 0.80 to 0.89) and test-retest reliability (rs range from 0.71 to 0.81 (with a 7-14 days interval)). The results of correlation analysis among PCS and its two subscales with measures of pain, interference, disability, depression, anxiety, catastrophising, positive and negative effects and pain self-efficacy beliefs support both the convergent and divergent validity for the PCS and the two subscales of magnification and rumination/helplessness.Discussion & conclusions: To sum up, the Persian version of the PCS has satisfactory psychometric properties and can be administered amongst the Iranian population with chronic persistent pain.

Introduction: 4-chlorophenol is a toxic and corrosive matter which the Environmental Protection Agency of America (EPA) has reported as one of the priority pollutants. This study is carried out to investigate the efficiency of multi-walled carbon nanotubes oxidized with a mixture of H2SO4/HNO3 in removal of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions.Materials & methods: This research was an experimental study which was conducted in the first half of 1393 in environmental health engineering research center, Kerman University of medical sciences. Firstly, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were oxidized with a mixture of H2SO4/ HNO3 then effective parameters on phenol removal from aqueous solutions such as the initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol, contact time, amount of adsorbent and pH were studied. Actual wastewater of coal-cleaning with predetermined quality was also studied. SPSS-16 software and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis.Findings: Removal efficiency of 4-chlorophenol in optimum conditions including pH=7, contact time=10 minutes, amount of adsorbent=0.3 g, the initial concentration of adsorbent=15 mg/L, was 91.8 percent. Study of the kinetic and isotherm equations showed that the process of adsorption followed the second order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm.Discussion & conclusions: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes oxidized with a mixture of H2SO4/HNO3 was a good adsorbent for removal of 4-chlorophenol from aqueous solutions and is able to remove this matter from the actual sewage with an efficiency rate equal to 78%, so it can be used as an effective adsorbent for treatment of polluted water and wastewater.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high intensity interval training on gene expression of Sema3A in EDL muscles of aged C57bl/6 mice.Materials & methods: For this purpose, twenty male C57bl/6 mice aged (n=10) and adult (n=10) were assigned in two groups of training and control. After one-week familiarization, training groups participate in four weeks high intensity training program and forty-eight hours. After the last training session, the mice were sacrificed. Then Gene expressions of Sema3A in EDL muscles were measured with Real time PCR technique.Findings: The results showed that with increasing age Sema3A mRNA expression increased in the EDL muscle (P=0.001). But training can reduce its expression in both adult (P=0.105) and old (P=0.025) groups. Although, in adult mice was not statistically significant. In addition, the findings show that aging has significant effect on EDL muscle weight, and significant difference between adult and old control groups was observed (P=0.032). On the other hand, although training slightly increased EDL muscles weight in both adult (P=0.117) and old (P=0.321) groups, this value statistically was not significant.Discussion & conclusions: Aging is associated with an increase in expression of Sema3A, which could possibly be involved in neuromuscular changes in aging. Moreover, high intensity interval training by recruited fast fiber muscle types can modify Sema3A mRNA expression and probably reduce denervation and muscle atrophy in aging process.

Introduction: During the menstrual period, pregnancy and menopause breast is constantly affected physically and physiologically. The importance of breast diseases increase with the growing number of breast cancers. Given the high prevalence of breast disorders, this study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing breast lumps in women referring to health centers in 1390 in Aran and Bidgol.Materials & methods: This case-control study was conducted on 198 women without breast lump and 198 with breast lump that referred to health centers of Aran and Bidgol. Data was collected through a questionnaire containing demographic, fertility and its diagnosis.Findings: The results showed that the chances of having a mass in patients with benign cysts compared to those without, is equal to OR=0.76. Chances of having a mass in people with a record of fibrocystic to those without cysts is OR=5, and the chances of having a mass in patients with fibro adenoma to those without, is equal to OR=33. Only the result for having a record of fibro adenomas was significant.Discussion & conclusions: Benign breast lumps in the majority of cases occur in women of reproductive age. Although most common in lumps of reproductive age have been fibrocystic and fibroadenomas, because of significant associations the incidence of mass with history of lumps is recommended to paying more attention to early detection, screening studies and check in younger women than to western country women.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide that causes more mortality each year. Given that lack of regular screening for cervical cancer is associated with an increased risk of 2 to 6 times and that the Health Belief Model (HBM) has been introduced as a suitable model to improve screening behaviors, this study was conducted aimed to survey the effect of blended educational program on cervical cancer screening behavior based on HBM among housekeeper women.Materials & methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 120 individuals of housekeeper women referring to health centre in West Eslamabad city were randomly selected. Using standardized questionnaire knowledge, HBM items and Pap test performance were measured before and after 3 months of educational intervention. The educational intervention consisted of four sessions of 45-minute-long of four weeks. Data were analyzed by software spss 21 and descriptive statistics (frequency, mean and standard deviation) and analytical (paired t, independent t and Chi-square tests) at the significant level of less than 0.05.Findings: After the educational intervention, the mean scores of knowledge and HBM items except the perceived severity, were significantly higher in the intervention group compared to control group (p<0.05). Also, after intervention, 66.7 percent of women in the intervention group the ability of Pap smear screening compared to the controls were obtained.Discussion & conclusions: The results of current study showed that the combined program consisting of BEP and HBM provide a suitable framework for developing educational interventions regarding Pap test practice.

Introduction: Street dust mainly is influenceed by pollution Polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PAHs are organic compounds which are formed from carbon and hydrogen and two or more benzene rings. Presence of these compounds in the dust of the street, from various sources in the city, like traffic and industry and may also affect human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of compounds on human health and the environment.Materials & methods: In order to assess and determine the possible origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the street dust of Ahvaz city, 10 samples of dust were collected from the city in March 2014. After preparation, the samples were analyzed by GC / MS. To determine the possible source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, geochemical aromatic ratios, statistical analysis, cluster analysis (CA), and principal components analysis (PCA) were used.Findings: From 16 PAHs determined by the EPA, 13 PAHs were detected in dust samples. The total concentrations of PAHs were detected between 271.56 to 3211.58 Ppb. The ∑COMB / ∑PAH was between 0.53 to 0.71 Ppb with 0.66 Ppb average. Ant / (Ant+Phe) was between 0.10 to 0.37 Ppb and BaA / (BaA+Chr) between 0.17 and 0.57 Ppb and IND / (IND+BGP) between 0.28and 0.37 Ppb respectively. Probable carcinogenic were calculated by the toxicity equivalent factor (TEF) for PAHs in all sampling stations, it was lower than value of which is determined by Canada to protect human health (600BaPeq Ppb).Discussion & Conclusions: The results indicate pyrogenic source for PAH of street dust and combustion of fossil fuels. B (a) P is most cancer PAH compound, were detected in all sampling stations with different concentrations. Also, the result indicate that Ahvaz city is intensively affected by the oil and gas upstream and down industries and PAHs can correlate with this industries.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disease which can cause psychological problems for people suffering from it. The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological wellbeing in people with epilepsy.Materials & methods: In the current research, semi-experimental design with the method of pre-test and post-test and a 2 month follow up with control group and convenience sampling method were used. Research population was the people suffering from epilepsy referring to Imam Hossein hospital in the autumn and winter of 1394. Among these people, 32 individuals fitting the research criteria were chosen and put randomly in the control and experiment group. The individuals of experiment group were under acceptance and commitment treatment in 10 sessions each of which last 75 minutes. The tool for doing this research was Ryff (1989) questionnaire consisting of 84 questions, and its data were analyzed by Spss-21 software.Findings: The analysis of multi-variant covariance showed that the acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on the on psychological well- being in people with epilepsy. Also, the effects of this therapy lasted for 2 months (0/01).Discussion & conclusions: The results of the study indicated that the acceptance and commitment therapy was efficient in the improvement of the psychological wellbeing of patients with epilepsy. Thus, the use of this therapy is recommended in order to improve the psychological wellbeing of the patients suffering from epilepsy.

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease shared between humans and animals which occur as a result of infection with the intracellular parasite called toxoplasma Gondii. Toxoplasmosis in pregnant women, can lead to miscarriage or congenital abnormalities in the fetus. The congenital toxoplasmosis occurs when the mother is infected for the first time during pregnancy. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of serum anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in Iranian pregnant women.Materials & methods: Required data were collected by searching Googlescholar, Irandoc, Magiran Pubmed, SID, Embase, Cochrane, and ISI databases without any time limitation. Then, 28 articles were selected among 112 collected articles and considered in the Meta-Analysis and their data were analyzed using Meta-Analysis and random effects model. Heterogeneity of the study was assessed using the I2 index. Also, data were analyzed using R and STATA (Ver11.2) software.Findings: With a sample size of 12818, the overall prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies was calculated equal to 34.2% (CI 95%: 23-45.3), the prevalence of IgG antibody was 34.9% (CI 95%: 31.2-38.7), and the prevalence of IgM antibody was 5.7% (CI 95%: 3.6-7.8).Discussion & conclusions: Our findings suggested that the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Iran is at an average level. Therefore, considering the high cost of serologic screening method, it is recommended to improve public and especially women awareness in the period before pregnancy through development and extension of health programs in order to prevent the infection in pregnant women or timely treatment of infected infants.

Introduction: Paying attention to puberty periods effects on different dimensions of adolescents' personality has an essential importance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of puberty health education on 12-14 year-old girls' mental health and identity styles.Materials & methods: In this semiexperimental study using three groups with pre-test and post-test, 199 girls (10-14 yearold) were selected from schools in Ilam city using purposeful sampling and were educated in a ten-session course. Data were collected using Bersonsky Identity Style Questionnaire and Kumar Mental Health Check List.Findings: The results of this study showed that puberty health education has an effect on mental health and normal identity style of 12-14 year-old girls', but has no effect on their physical health and other identity styles.Discussion & conclusions: Normal identity style was created by following important people's life; furthermore, teachers and peers groups are important people in the life of each person in adolescence and puberty periods. Therefore, it can be said that this identity style was affected by puberty health education in comparison with other identity styles; this effect has been more in cooperative group that we used peers group education.

Introduction: The Iran medical tariff rate system that for the first time was carried out enjoying the California book in 1983, after 30 years had been evolved due to numerous reasons and with compilation and prophecy of relative value book of health services entered to the new stage. The implementation of a new book will affect on the hospitalization expenses of insured persons.Materials & methods: The population of the study, records of hospitalizedinsuredhealthinsurance organization in the hospitals of the city of Ilam in September and October2014 and were the most common examples of actions that census methods, their data in accordance with the objectives of the studying the Czech records, coded and entered intothecomputerusing SPSS21 softwareanalysiswas performed.Findings: Totally, the average cost of common surgical procedures 95.61 percent. In August 7% and in October 5% of the insured paid their costs; hence, averageshareofa total of 74.76% increased.Share of 9 percent to 87 percen tinOctober.Respectively, 11% and 5% were covered by subsidy in September and October.9% of patients in September and Octoberwas 4% of the total costs.1% and2% in October-off costs in September was a commitment paid by the patient.Additionalinsurancecontributionis minimalat (0%) of the costs coverage.Discussion & conclusions: By implementing the relative value book and prophecy the relevant provisions to it, the final payment share of medical expenses of those insurance pocketsby increasing the Organization share and subsidies help reduce to 5%.

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is amajor causative agent of nosocomialinfections which produces a wide range of diseases due to biofilm formation. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of Helichrysum artemisioides extract, its anti-biofilm effects on clinicalisolates of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, as well as, analysis oficaD gene expression.Materials & methods: First, thephytochemical composition of H. artemisioides extract was studied by GC/MS method. Then, the biofilm formation capacity of 50 clinical isolates of S. aureus wasevaluated by Congo red agar and polymerasechain reaction (PCR). Finally, after treatmentof strains with Sub MIC concentration of the extract within 24 hours, the expression levelof icaD gene was evaluated by Real Time PCR.Findings: The phytochemical analysis of extract showed 52 compounds, including α-Pinene (12.5%) and Carvacrol (8.6%) as the major components. The evaluation of biofilm formation test shows that out of 50 strains of S. aureus, 10 strains (20%) were positive for biofilms formation. Also, after treatment ofselected strains by SubMIC concentration ofthe extract, the gene expression quantitation of icaD was down-regulated significantly(P<0.05).Discusion & conclusions: Due to thesignificant effects of H. artemisioides extracton biofilm formation, it seems that the extractcould be used as complementary therapy toinhibit S. aureus biofilm.

Introduction: One of the post-surgicalcomplications is contact dermatitis caused by several factors such as scrub solution, suture materials, bandages and even surgical gloves. Conventional treatment forthis problem is the use of corticosteroidsthat may cause undesirable side-effects. Curcumin is the active component of turmeric that have known antiinflammatory effects. Therefore, its effectson experimentally induced contactdermatitis were investigated in this study.Materials & Methods: Twenty maleBALB/c mice were used in this study. Themice were equally divided into four groups. The negative control (NC), positive control (PC), and treatment (T) groups were sensitized by dinitrochlorobenzene paintingon dorsum of the mice, followed by contactdermatitis induction on their ear. Curcuminand Betamethasone topical ointments were applied to the ear of the T and PC groups for a week, respectively. Contact dermatitisleft untreated in the NC and sham (S)groups. Ear thickness was measured duringthe study. After completing the course oftreatment, the mice were euthanized and earspecimens were fixed, sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Findings: Macroscopic evaluations revealedthat contact dermatitis was induced in all of the NC, PC, and T groups successfully. Earthickness differences in day 22 and 30 were significant (p<0.05). Histopathologic data analysis showed edema, inflammation, and epidermal thickness were significantly different in S group compared with NC. Inflammation was significantly different between S and PC groups, but edema and epidermal thickness have not such difference. Comparison of the T group withthe S group showed that difference between edema is not significant, but in flammationand epidermal thickness are significantly different. Differences between T and NC groups showed the same results.Discussion & Conclusion: Based on the results, we can conclude that to picalapplication of curcumin ointment to the mice suffering from contact dermatitis mayreduce inflammation, edema, and epidermal thickening, which is comparable to the effects of corticosteroid medications.

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver is avery common chronic liver disease that is caused by some factors such as insulinresistance, central obesity, type 2 diabetesmellitus and dyslipidemia. The beneficial effects of ginger on metabolic disordershave been shown previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofginger supplementation on car diovascularrisk factors in patients with non-alcoholicfatty liver disease.Materials & methods: In this randomizedcontrolled clinical trial study, 50 patientswith non-alcoholic fatty liver disease participated in the intervention and place bogroups. For 12 weeks the intervention andplacebo groups received 2 gram of gingeror placebo, respectively. Both groups were advised to follow a balanced diet and physical activity recommendations. Levels of inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, insulin and in sulinresistance were measured at the beginningand end of the study.Findings: Ginger supplementation reducedinflammatory biomarkers, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance and triglyceridelevels more than placebo, but there were nosignificant changes in total cholesterol, HDL and LDL in each group.Discussion & conclusions: Ginger supplementation reduced levels of some cardiovascular risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.