JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2010 | Volume:17 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Considering the important role of nitric acid in many biologic processes of cells and tissues including reproduction, in this study we investigated the effects of L-Arginine as a NO formation progenitor and L-Name as a NO formation inhibitor on ovarian corpus luteum and growing follicle changes in pregnant rats.Materials & Methods: Forty female rats of 8 weeks old and 200-250 gr. weight were divided into 5 groups, containing 8 rats in each group upon observing vaginal plaque (It has been considered as zero days at pregnancy).These 5 groups were as follows: Control, Normal Saline, L-Arginine, L-Name and L-Arginine & L-Name. Except the control group, the other groups received normal saline (2 ml/kg/ip), L-Arginine (200mg/kg/lip), L-Name (20mg/kg/lip) and a mixture of two substances for L-Arginine & L-Name group respectively on 3th, 4th, and 5th days of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy, after anesthesia with ether, laparatomy was performed to separate the mother’s ovaries. Then, the ovaries were fixed in 10% formalin, after tissue passage, the sections were stained with H&E and PAS methods. The changes were observed via light microscopy and graticule.Findings: In the eye of qualitative study, tissue degenerative changes and eruption in most parts of ovaries in L-Arginine  group were observed, in quantitative study , the reduction of corpus luteum dimension in mentioned group were seen.(p<0.05)Discussion & Conclusion: Results of this study showed that NO can inhibit the cell growth in pregnancy and induce malfunction in ovary.

Introduction: Scrophularia striata which grows in Ilam province is used as a traditional medicine for treatment of diseases for years. Medical properties of this plant have not been documented yet. For this reason, a study was performed on this plant In study, the healing effects of Scrophularia striata extract was investigated on open skin wound of rabbit.Materials & Methods: All parts of the plant were collected and dried. Hydroalcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata was prepared by maceration method. 36 males and female Newzeland rabbits weighing 1.2-2.06 kg were used during the study. Method of Cross et al. was used to make full thickness wound (20x20) in left flank of the animals. They were divided into 6 groups: the first group was left without treatment, the second was treated with Eucerin, in third group Phenytoin cream 1% was used and in the other groups, different concentrations of  hydroalcoholic extract of  Scrophularia striata(2%, 5%, 10%w/w) in Eucerin base were administrated 2 times daily. The areas of wounds were measured daily and healing percentage during all the days was compared with one wat ANOVA and Turkey. For histopathological studies, some biopsies were taken on the 7th and the last day.Findings: In no treatment and Eucerin groups, the healing was completed in 21 days. In Phenytoin %1group, the healing time was 16 days and in Scrophularia striata groups of 2%, 5% and 10% the complete wound closure was observed in 18, 17 and 16 days respectively.Conclusion: There was a significant difference between all the treated, and control and Eucerin groups, but statistical and histological studies showed that the best healing effect was from Scrophularia striata 10% extract. However, considering histological examinations and macroscopic observations, it can be suggested that Scrophularia striata extract may stimulate collagen synthesis, faster wound contraction, angiogenesis, vessel dilatation and decrease of inflammation, bleeding and edema.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes, the most common metabolic disorder in pregnancy, causes serious complications in mothers and their fetus. So, knowing the risk factors of gestational diabetes is very important, because through understanding these risk factors it helps to establish screening programs for susceptible mothers and also early diagnosis of disorders. Furthermore, efficient control of blood sugar protects mothers against complications and consequently their fetus. The goal of our study was to evaluate the correlation between gestational diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome.Materials &Methods: This study was a case - control research. Pregnant women admitted at Akbar Abady hospital of Tehran were studied during 1998-2005. 188 women participated in this study of whom 94 mothers were put into the case group (with gestational diabetes) and the other 94 mothers were in the control group (without gestational diabetes). Then history polycystic ovary syndrome was investigated between the two groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, descriptive statistical, t- test, fisher, x2, Mann- Whitney and Odds ratio.Findings: The results of this study showed no dissimilarities between the two groups regarding the mean of age, educational level, apgar score and gravida. But there was significant difference in history olligomenorrea, kind of delivery, mean of the new-born weight and gestational age and body mass index in the two groups.  Also, the results showed significant relations between those with gestational diabetes and women without gestational diabetes with the history of polycystic ovary syndrome (p=0/03).Discussion & Conclusion: Considering the results of our study indicating significant relations between diabetes and history of polycystic ovary syndrome, it seems necessary to establish screening programs in women with history of polycystic ovary syndrome, while early diagnosis of gestational diabetes protects mothers and their fetus against any complications.

Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the most frequent side effect after anesthesia, occurring in 20-70% of patients during the first 24 h after surgery. Some studies indicate that an increase in inspired oxygen concentration can decrease incidence of PONV. In this study, we tried to evaluate the effects of supplemental 100% oxygen on PONV in patients undergoing breast surgery.Materials & Methods: In a clinical double-blind study, 60 patients receiving standardized halothane anesthesia were randomly assigned to the following two groups: group 30 (30% oxygen in air) and group 100 (100% oxygen). Postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed over the first 24 h after surgery in both the groups.Findings: There was a significant difference between the two groups.( PONV was 30% in group 100 versus 64% in group 30) (p value <0.05).Discussion & Conclusion: This study showed that intraoperative high oxygen concentration effectively prevents PONV after breast surgery and reduces the need for antiemetic drugs in these groups of patients.

Introduction: Fear is a biologic response that protects animals from acute danger. Fear and anxiety are important subjects in psychological science. Different mechanisms and drugs have been introduced for their control and therapy. Herbal drugs have mild effects on fear and are more sedative than chemical drugs. Therefore, the researchers tried to test them on medical treatments, especially on those associated with panic and anxiety.Materials & Methods: In this research, the effect of intracerebroventricular (I. C. V) microinjection of Hypericum perforatum on fear was studied. Animals were divided into 5 groups: saline, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) 20mg/kg as positive control (i.p) and two groups that received 10, 20mg/rat alcoholic extraction of H perforatum (ICV) respectively, and one group that received 10mg/rat alcoholic extraction of H. perforatum (ICV) and PTZ (i.p). A cannula was placed into lateral ventricle by stereotaxic apparatus. After the recovery period, elevate plus maze was used for evaluation of the fear. Findings:  Open arm entries percentage (%OAE) and open arm time percentage (%OAT) were evaluated. The results showed that 10 µg/rat and 20 µg/rat doses increased %OAE and %OAT significantly (P<0001).Discussion & Conclusion: We concluded that alcoholic extraction of H. perforatum is an effective drug in fear reduction. It probably acts on serotonergic and gabaergic system and decreases their re-uptakes and reduces the fear caused by PTZ.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to compare the movement skills in students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with normal students. Children with ADHD have problems as follows: 1-wriggling 2- difficulty in exercising 3- paying no attention to orders 4- colliding with others. Thus, movement destability is such students' main disorder to be resolved.Materials & Methods:In this resrech, 30 students dignosed to suffer from ADHD according to DSM-IV and Caneres questionnairewere compared with thirty healty students in terms of movement skills using the Lincon ozertsky test. Then, the data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and t-test.Findings: The Students dignosed to have ADHD, according to the results of this research, showed a weaker performance than that of the normal students. In Gross- movement, ADHD students gained 2/28 & normal students did 1/27. In Fine-movement ADHD students recorded 2/28 & normal students did 2/23. In Balance-movement ADHD students achieved 2/38 & normal students did 3/52.Discussion & Conclusion: Students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have suffered from many problems such as learning and movement disorders. Making plans to rehabilitate such potentialities in such children can help them concentrate more on their movements and behaviors. Our research findings can be usful to families and schools.

Introduction: Leishmaniosis is a parasitic disease of man and animal with different clinical performance. WHO has suggested the disease to be investigated and supported from different points of view. The treatment of leishmaniosis is still based on using different compounds of antimonite drugs which cause variety of side-ffects. Furthermore, resistance of parasites to this type of drug is an increasing problem. This is one reason along with being an epidemic disease in Ilam for our research to be accomplished.Materials & Methods: In this study, 36 patients with their own written agreements, were divided into 3 groups, each group included 12 cases. The fist group was studied as the control part-taker receiving treatment with amphotericin B, the 2nd group were treated with local formulated drug (no 1), and the 3rd group received treatment with local made drug of more concentration (no2) under consultation of a physician. To conform the presence of amastigotes in patients, we used three different methods as follows: biopsy, culture media (NNN) and Smear.Findings: Both the local made formulated drugs with two different concentration compounds showed different positive effects on leishmaniosis wounds; However, the 2nd local made drug showed better results in comparison with that of amphotricin B. Regarding the drug complications, in comparison  with amphotricin B, the itching around wounds in patients who had used local made formulated drugs did not experience stresses and feelings of itching, but those patients who had used chemical drug  had suffered lot of itching in the area as well as a lot of stresses during treatment. Regarding the control of the wound diameter in the patients, the local made drug proved more effective than amphotricin B.Discussion & Concusion: In compound made local drug of black and white alum, sulphate of cooper %1 and butter, there is an effective factor for controlling cutanouse leishmaniosis.