JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2008 | Volume:16 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Introduction: Nosocomial infection with multi-drug resistance, particularly at ICU, is considered a significant socio-economic as well as medical complication all over the world. This can spread various infections in the community or cause longer hospitalizations and impose more expenses on the patients. The purpose of this study was to determine nosocomial infection in ICU patients admitted at Baqyiatallah hospital during a whole period of a year.Materials & methods: The study was conducted descriptive cross-sectionally during a period of 12 months from March to February 2005 at a university hospital in Tehran, Iran. All the ICU patients who were hospitalized with no signs and symptoms of infection before the first 48 hours of hospitalization and presenting signs and symptoms of infection after 48 hours of hospitalization were covered by this study.Bacterial strains were isolated from various clinical samples of the patients then identified by the conventional methods.Findings: The prevalence of nosocomial infection with multi-drug resistance all during this study was 3.4%. The most prevalent organism was Staphylococcus aureus (38.1%) followed by Pseudomonas auroginosa (31%). The most nosocomial microorganisms were isolated from samples obtained from lower respiratory tract (74.8%) and wounds (16.9%).Conclusion: The most prevalence of nosocomial infections were observed in patients of over 50 years old. There is a need to study more about the causes of nosocomial infections and development of preventative strategies in order to prevent the spread of such infectious diseases.

Introduction: Knee osteoarthrosis is a common cause of referring to orthopaedic centers. Conservative treatment for such patients lies in analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy and supportive orthosis. Daily using of orthosis and during activity for 6 to 12 weeks is an accepted method of treatment. The aim of this research was to detect the effects of three kinds of orthosis, Knee brace, neoprene brace and insole arch support, on pain, knee alignment and functional activity level in patients with knee osteoarthrosis.Materials & Methods: 45 patients (aged 50-60), with mild to moderate knee osteoarthrosis participated in this experimental study. All the cases were divided into three groups randomly. They all used orthosis for months. The study was carried out in a semi-experimental method.Findings: The results of this study showed no positive effects by the orthoses on the patients’ knee alignment, but they could cause a considerable relief in their pain-suffering and an effective increase in the patients daily performances.Conclusion: According to the finds of this study, using medical shoes with external margins can relive patients suffering from knee osteoarthrosis considerably and provide them with a specific relaxation. However, neoprene knee-braces do not seem to make any change in knee alignment.

Introduction: Abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy with a 15% prevalence rate that occurs through first and second trimester. Physiologically, genitalia system can not discharge pregnancy products, because ripening of cervix and uterus contractions are absent as two essential factors in labor, however, ripening of cervix is more important than the other factor. This development refers to shortness, effacement and dilatation of cervix that normally begins before labor at the end of the 3th trimester.Materials & methods: This is an applied, multi-variable, monoside-blinded study performed to assess the effectiveness of PG and folly catheter on labor duration, hospitalization period, hospital costs, incomplete abortion , nausea and vomiting and bleeding. 70 pregnant women of 14-28w in need of cervix ripening were assigned in two groups randomly. One group received vaginal supp of Dinoperoston (3mg), repeated after 6 hours PRN. For the other group, a folly catheter filled with 30 ml N.S. was inserted in internal OS.  Oxytocin serum augmentation developed after 12 hours in both the experimental groups. The data collected by questionnaire, examinations and patient medical records. The Collected data were analyzed by chi-square, fisher exact and T-student tests.Findings: According to the research achievements, there is no significant difference between the two groups in respect of hospital costs, hospitalization period, incomplete abortion , nausea and vomiting and bleeding (P>0/05), but there was a significant difference in case of Bishop Score and labor period (P< 0/05).Conclusion: Considering changes of Bishop Score in folly catheter as observed to be more than PG group and labor period less than that of  PG group, it seems more logical to recommend the application of  folly catheter for ripening of cervix.

Introduction: Violence against women is a major health and human rights problem. Studies showed 1.8 million domestic violence in American women. Reliable, large scale studies in every country indicate 20-76% of violence against women by intimate partners.Spousal violence causes physical, sexual and mental harm and suffering in women.  This study was conducted to assess mental health status in this group of women.Materials and methods: This cross–sectional study was done on an experimental group of 380 women referred to the forensic medicine center, then matched with a control group. SCL–90-R was used to evaluate mental symptoms in 9 psychological dimensions. The data was analyzed by SPSS 11 and T test, Chi square and analysis of  one-way variance.Findings: The mean age of experimental group was 28.4± 5.8, 60% of them were from rural areas and 40% from urban part. Education level of 51% of cases was under diploma.  SCL 90-R showed that the score of experimental group in 3 dimensions, somatization, depression and obsession was more than cut of  point (score:2) and  their score was significantly higher than the control group in the following dimensions: somatization(p= 0/01), depression(p= 0/008) and aggression (p= 0/03).Conclusion: This study provides evidence to health care professionals that they shouldn’t only treat the physical injuries of women under violence but must also to learn how to assess and consider their mental health problems.

Introduction: This study has been performed to assess the prevalence of behavioral disorders among the school-boys & girls in Ilam during two complete years of 2005 & 6.Materials and Methods: The investigation has been accomplished in a cross-sectional comparative descriptive approach. All the school-boys and girls of elementary grade (including a total number of 7858 boys and 7425 girls) of 2005-6 academic year were covered as the statistic at community by the search. A screening method was used to select a sample group of 840 students for investigation. Rutter questionnaires and specific from for teachers were applied as the means of this study.Findings: The results showed a 5.5% prevalence of behavioral disorder among the elementary students of which 2.42% stood for the girls while 3.08% for the boys. It was also found out that the most rate of disorders are held to be related to lack of care (by the second person), and over-activity, while the least of it goes for unfriendly treatments.Conclusion: It is concluded that the major causes of behavioral disorders among elementary school-students are held to be due to lack of adequate care and over-activity, while inconvenient behaviors are of the least effects. Thus, a significant relation was observed between variables of sex, school-grade, age, literacy degree of parents and the student's behavioral disorders. Furthermore, the finds also proved a reason for such disorders to be cause of retardation in the process of school progresses.

Introduction: The incidence of colorectal cancer has increased in Iran in recent years and become the fourth most common cancer in both sexes. The aim of this study was to define the prognostic factors in Iranian colorectal cancer patients using univariate and multivariate methods.Materials & methods: All patients with colorectal carcinoma admitted to the Cancer Registry Center of Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences; during Jan 1, 2002 to Jan 1, 2007 were analyzed. Survival rates of all the cases were determined. The probability curves for survival were calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier Method, then compared by the Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out using the Cox proportional hazard model.Findings: Out of 1138 cases, a survival information was obtained on 1127 patients, 690 males (61.2%) and 437 females (38.8%). The mean survival time was 105.1(CI: 95,1-115.1) months. The Kaplan-Meier method indicated that, the 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 years survival rates were 91.1, 73.1, 61.0, 54.9, 47.9, 25  and 9 percent, respectively. These variables were independent prognostic factors for survival as determined by multivariate analysis, that is, tumor size, metastasis of tumor, body mass index, marital status, and grade of tumor.Conclusion: Our results showed that stage of tumor, state of metastasis, grade of tumor and tumor size should be considered the most important prognostic factors in colorectal cancer patients. There fore, early detection of cancer using screening programs can improve survival in such patients.

Introduction: Oxidative stress and lipid per oxidation occurrence on fatty acids in lipid structure is held to be a significant factor of atherosclerosis problem in diabetic patients. Measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) as one way, Oxidative stress can be investigated.Materials & Methods: A total number of 200 people undertook this investigation of whom 100 people (all with a least diabetes history of 3 years ' None Insulin Dependent Diabetic Mellitus" and examination records at cardio-vascular research center of Esfahan university of Medical Sciences) appeared as the "case group". On the other hand, 100 more people with no history of diabetes took part as the " control group". In both the groups, MDA, HbA1c and FBS levels were measured, then the mean plasma levels were compared among them using a Ver.11 SPSS software.Findings: According to the results of this study , MDA plasma level was 0.7428±0.04 mmol/lit in the "control group", whil it was 0.9222±0.3 mmol/lit in the " case group", a statistic difference which was significantly comparable. The FBS level was 163.31±56 mg/dl in the " case group", whereas it was 85.740±10.1 mg/dl in the "control group". These finds all proved a significant difference between the two studied groups, (p>0.05).Conclusion: It is concluded that the mean of MDA in diabetic patients has considerably been higher than that of the "control group". Further more, the mean of HbA1c and FBS in the "case group" was higher than that of the "control group". There was no significant relationship between MDA and the measured factors. At last, we come to the conclusion that no association exists between MDA level and any increase in FBS & HbA1c levels in diabetic patients.

Introduction: Although the consumption of chemical drugs such as clofibrate and statins reduce serum lipids, they have undesirable side effects. So, at the present time the use of medicinal plants are preferred, because they are cheap, beneficially effective and of low undesirable side effects. The nuts of Anacardiace family have hypolipidemic effects on serum lipid profile by unknown mechanisms.Phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) is a key regulator enzyme in lipid metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine effects of Pistacia khinjuk nut on PAP, serum lipid profile and liver content triglyceride in rats.Materials and Methods: Four groups of rats (n=6/group) were fed  with normal diet (control) or normal diet plus 10% pistachio nut powder for 15 and 60 days  . Then, PAP activity, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, VLDL- cholesterol, and liver content triglyceride were measured.Findings: Feeding rats with pistachio nut for 15 days had significant elevated cholesterol in all lipoprotein fractions and reduced liver content triglyceride (P< 0.05). Although, PAP activity reduced approximately 11%, it was not significant in control group (P>0.05). On the other hand, rats fed with pistachio nut for 60 days had no significant differences with control group in all lipoprotein fractions (P>0.05), whereas the liver content triglyceride significantly decreased(P<0.05). In addition, PAP activity also decreased nearly 16% with respect to control group.Conclusion: The data shows that in pistachio nut, there is one or some substances able to elevate cholesterol metabolism. Hence, for understanding the effect of pistachio nut on lipid metabolism, it is necessary to prepare alcohol and water extraction of pistachio nut and examine them. On the other hand, in long time, no significant affection was seen. This may be due to the effect of essential fatty acids of nut, linoleic and linolenic, that can reduce serum lipids. Considering the fact that PAP is involved in the formation of fatty liver and also pistachio nut can result in reduction of liver content triglyceride by decreasing PAP activity in short and long courses, the pistachio nut can be used for the treatment of fatty liver through isolation and purification of effective components of it.