ULUM-I-HADITH
Year:2009 | Volume:13 | Issue:3-4 (49-50)|Papers Count:23

Beside lots of hadiths indicating two type of Divine decree (viz. dispensable and indispensable) there are some other hadiths emphasizing on indispensability of Divine decree. Classifying the second group of above mentioned hadiths, the author of this paper tries to explain them.

The author of the present paper deals with views concerning the world of pre-existence and Allama Tabatabaee’s critical view of them. He describes Allama Tabatabaee’s view and its hadith documents and investigates its deficiencies.

Hypothesis of repeatedly revelation of some chapters and verses, found in some Quranic and Tafsir books, rose when two or more reasons are put forth for revelation of one verse. As scholars couldn’t prefer one reason to the other or didn’t want to evaluate views of the past, they supposed that the revelation has been repeated and accepted the reliability of those hadiths without analyzing the text. Lack of proper analysis of hadiths concerning the reasons for revelation is the most important evidence for accepting this supposition. There is no trace of this supposition in works of early scholars like Tabari. This paper views this hypothesis from different perspectives.

Are men and woman different in main moral virtues? There is a famous hadith, attributed to Imam Ali, peace be upon him, that states, “The best women virtues are the worst men virtues: pride meanness, and cowardice”. Based on this accepted saying, some Muslim scholars have defended the ethical difference between men and woman. This article tries to asses this Hadith and its trueness in seven sections. In the first section, the differences between narrations of this saying in various old hadith books are reported. The second section reports and analyzes what the interpreters have told about this hadith. In the third section I deal with the scientific foundations of this allegedly biological and social separation between two sexes. The fourth section deals with so-called feminist ethics and tries to show that we can not base ethics on sexual differences. In the fifth section I have argued that this hadith can not be defended by other ethical hadiths and Quranic teachings. The six section traces the content of this hadith in ancient Greek, Persian, and Arab cultures to show that it is not realy Imam Ali’s saying. In the seven and final section I recommended three basic principles to deal with the hadiths concerning women. The coclusion of this essay is that this hadith is forged and attributed wrongly to Imam Ali, peace be upon him.

The present paper deals with chapter 76 of the holy Quran which speaks about the Ahl al-Bayt’s altruism: and they feed for the love of Allah, the indigent, the orphan and the captives. There is a consensus among Shii and Sunni in this regard. A few have doubted that this chater has revealed in Mecca while believers had no captive in Mecca. But discrepancies are due to the details of the story. Utilizing hadiths concerning this story, the author of this paper tries to present a clear story of this event.

Shii and Sunni hadith reporters have collected a wide range of the holy Propht’s sayings from their reliable scholars as hadith collections. Sunni’s licenses for narrating hadith have been challenged by Shii reporters even at the time of Imams, peace be upon them. They have asked Imams in this regard. In response to their questions Imams accepted those hadiths from the Prophet, may peace and blessings be upon him, which are reliable. Methods used by Shii thinkers and interpreters indicate that they have referred to Sunni hadith sources as well. Shii interpreters of the holy Quran have related from Sunni hadith sources in different fields while interpreting the verses of the holy Quran. Referring to Sunni exegetical hadiths has many advantages and functions. Some of them are as follows: authenticating and increasing the reliability of hadith, making for weakness of Shii hadiths, reviving the infallible Imams hadiths, confirming Shii views, relating virtues of ahl al-Bayt, explaining the spiritual aspects of Shii hadith, better understanding the verses of the Holy Quran, removing contradicts among hadiths and etc.

Ziyyarat Ashura is well-known and highly regarded by the Shii scholars and ordinary people. This Ziyarat has had a great influence on belief and custom aspects of Shiite culture. However some scholars have criticized the text or documents of this Ziyarat. Thus it is not only necessary but useful to investigate its chain of authorities and documents. This Ziyarat is found in four versions, in two books (viz. Ibn Quluyeh’s al-Ziyarat and Sheikh Tusi’s Misbah al-Mutahajjid). Utilizing hadith and rijal sources, this paper deals with existing ambiguities in their chain of authorities and documents and states the reasons for their reliability or unreliability. The author also views this Ziyarat from an historical perspective.

Analyzing the approach used by Ibn Tawus in his supplications, the author of this paper tries to demonstrate how reliable these supplications are. To elucidate the status of Ibn Tawus, two approaches have been adopted in this paper: a) analysis of hadith text and documents based on accepted criteria in hadith criticism and b) utilizing evidences and documents like views of Ibn Tawus. It is clear that second approach is not as exact and detailed as the first approach. However it is nearly reassuring and helpful. Ibn Tawus has collected two groups of supplications: one group which covers the most part of them is of narrative aspect and the other group are those supplications, edited and compiled by Ibn Tawus, and not the exact text of hadith. He has written these supplications based on reliable hadiths. However that is sufficient to demonstrate his high status in rijal and document analysis.

Citing names of Harut and Marut in the holy Quran and consequently by hadiths from infallible Imams and companions raised a variety of discussions among both Shii and Sunni scholars. These discussions have roots in those hadiths which introduce Harut and Marut as angels who commit sins on the Earth and as a result have been transformed into Venus. These hadiths have raised important questions in this regard: How did they commit these sins while they were infallible? Why they have been transformed into Venus while Venus existed from the early days of creation? This article first investigates hadiths concerning Harut and Marut in tafsirs, hadith collections and etc. then it deals with the Sunni and Shii hadiths in this regard.

Since the most important characteristics of Nahj al-Balagha is its eloquence, studying its style is of high impotance. Ibn Abi al-Hadid approaches this eminent book in his commentary from eloquence perspective. Thus the author of the present paper tries to briefly display some patterns of eloquence in Ibn Abi al-Hadid’s commentary of Nahj al-Balagha.

Religion is centered around man and his happiness which also depends on his health. Breastfeeding Period is a very important period of human life. A baby, who has a suitable feeding in his early life, will obtain full growth and will be a vigorous and vivid person in future. The more one obeys divine orders, the healthier is his body and soul. In this paper, hadiths about breastfeeding have been studied and after comprising with experimental sciences, they are divided into four part based on their indications. The first part deals with this issue as the experimental sciences do e.g. the importance of breastfeeding. The second part is concerned with recommendations about continuation of breastfeeding which, in comparison with medical sciences, are more useful and prosperous. The third part deals with those hadiths which come up with characteristics and importance of nurse. The fourth part is dedicated to breastfeeding duration which is seemingly contrary to what experimental sciences prescribe. The World Health Organization holds that breastfeeding should last for six months while hadiths advise that it should last, at least, up to 21 months. The authors of the present paper try to view the above mentioned issues from different perspectives.

Shaykh Bahai is of those prominent faqihs and subtle traditionists whose work is full of intelligence and subtleties. He is an expert in reporting semantic subtleties and contextual intricacies. To carry out this difficult task, he has utilized general properties of text comprehension and its special rules. In the field of fiqh al-hadith (comprehension of hadith), he has a special style and logical approach to collecting legal statements, understanding the text, finding out its purpose, and presenting them. This logical system contains special subtleties and innovations regarding hadith analysis. The author of the present paper tries to explain Shaykh Bahai's methodology of comprehension of hadith, based on Mashriq al-Shamsayn and Ixir al-Sa’adatayn

Prof. Behboodi is one of the scholars of the present age, expert in the field of Quranic sciences, history of Islam, hadith. Some of his important works are as follows: translation of four Shii hadith books, commentary and selection of reliable hadiths which are titled as Selection of the Four Books, or Reliable Hadiths of the Four Books. To introduce Behboodi’s method of selecting reliable hadiths, the author of the present paper comes up with his views, using some of his books (including: 'Ilal al-Hadith, Ma`rifat al-Hadith) and articles in a variety of journals. The author tries to classifies them and render an example for each of them to show subtlety of his views while selecting and criticizing hadiths. Compare and Contrast is the main characteristics of his method in hadith clarification and edition.

Naj al-Balaghah, a collection of Imam Ali’s sermons, letters, quotations and sayings, is one of the most significant literary books in Arabic which is exemplary of eloquence and stylistics in Arabic. This book has attracted the attention of men of letters as well as Muslim scholars. It also has absorbed a remarkable number of Orientalists / Arabists who have dedicated a considerable portion of their investigations to studying this eminent work. The study of such investigations can be said to help introduce the trend of Shii-centered studies as well as western studies on Arabic literature. This paper has attempted to study the stages and achievements of the Orientalists’ investigations as well as emergence of Muslim researchers in the West in this research area.

Ali bn Muhammad Noufili was a Shii historian and companion of Imam Hadi, peace be upon him. In this paper, after giving a brief biography of Noufili and his family, the author gives a description of Noufili’s book al-Akhbar and relates hadiths related by Noufili in a variety of Shii hadith books.

Abu Layth Samarqandi, of the great scholars of the fourth century A.H., has written Bahr al-Ulum, exegesis of the holy Quran. The most part of his book is dedicated to literature, words, and especially utilizing hadith reports and sayings in interpreting the verses. There is a trace of rational interpretation especially in the positions in which the interpreter express his religious, fiqhi (jurisprudential) and theological inspirations. The author of Bahr al-Ulum also deals with the Quranic sciences not in a separate chapter but along with the interpretations of the verses.

Evaluating weak and forged hadiths is one of the issues vastly discussed by hadith scholars. The present paper introduces one of the works written by the Sunni scholars in this regard and compares it with some other books while analyzing them.

This study analyzes the articles published in Journal of Ulum-i Hadith (Edited by Research center of Dar al-Hadith). Total number of articles investigated in this paper is 190 which 181 of them have been compiled and 9 of them have been translated. In this paper the author deals with 12367 references (nearly 9.5 references in every article). 92 percent of them are books with 82.5 percent in Arabic. This study shows that hadith science is topically concerned with fiqh (jurisprudence), biography, rijal, tafsir, and Quranic sciences. Some other issues investigated in this paper are as follows: most referenced books, authors, scholars, editors, translators and their level of contribution.