PAZHUHESH-DINI (RELIGIOUS STUDY)
Year:2005 | Volume:- | Issue:10|Papers Count:10

Hermeneutics and commentary of the holy Quran is necessary for understanding divine message on the one hand and arbitrary commentary is reproached by all scholars and Quranic commentators on the other for there are numerous hadiths from the holy Prophet and the infallible Imams which condemn such a commentary. Scholars and Quranic commentators have constantly intended to expound and analyze content of such hadiths in order to clarify the boundary between the reproached arbitrary commentary and the creative, live commentary. While narrating those hadiths which reproach arbitrary commentary and investigating them with respect to their chain of transmission as well as their contents, this essay mentions two major perspectives in this regard and, while expounding special opinions of Allama Tabatabaee and Imam Khomeini, summarizes the discussion and comes to a conclusion.

Quranic juristic verses are about five hundred and can be found in most of Ouranic Surahs. They deal with general precepts sometimes and with particular ones the other. Over one hundred books are written in this regard by both Shi'a and Sunni scholars in most of which juristic verses are organized on the basis of divisions in juristic books while in some others they are arranged on the basis of Ouranic Surahs. The present essay deals with such facts in detail while narrates some other Ouranic juristic verses not mentioned in usual books.

As the last celestial book, the everlasting miracle of him, and the primary source of religious fundamental teachings and precepts, the holy Quran was constantly taken into consideration by the holy Prophet in such a way that, in addition to Writers of Revelation, there were some companions who were known as teachers and recites of the Quran and were teaching new Muslims at his behest. According to some historical texts, those recites were sometimes subject to some bitter and painful incidents some of which to be mentioned as al-Raji', Bi'r al-Ma'una, and al-Yamamah. It is said that the first two incidents happened in the era of the holy Prophet and the third one occurred in the time of the first caliph, in the fighting’s called al-ridda, in all of which a number of recites and teachers of the Quran were killed. This essay deals with truth or untruth of al-Raji' incident.

As the everlasting miracle of the holy Prophet, Quran has constantly been taken into consideration by Muslims and non-Muslims since it has been revealed. One facet of the Quran as a miracle which is noticed by some scholars in recent decades is the Quran as. a scientific miracle. Quran is sent down to us by Creator of the nature, so it is not that strange if one can find some issues mentioned in it, even implicitly, which had been unknown to mankind for centuries. Among the well-known scientific theories of the twentieth century is "Einstein's special theory of relativity". According to this theory, such quantities as weight, length, and time are not absolute. Rather, they are dependent upon the viewer who measures them. The said theory has not remained as a sheer theory, but, in addition to having mathematical coherence, is proven through very exact scientific experiments.This essay deals with the relation between expansion of time, which is a necessity of the special theory of relativity, and the verse 47 of the 22nd Quranic surah which asserts, "Indeed a day with your Lord is like a thousand years of your reckoning attempting to indicate that expansion of time can be treated as one of the implications of the said verse.

Among essentials of hadith understanding is consideration of conditions of hadith with respect to primary words and phrases, the rate of changes in the words without any change in the meaning, and if it happens the dissection occurred in the text of hadith. A survey of history of compilation of hadith indicates that hadiths of the infallibles have been subject to dissection because of various motivations a reality which has had multiple consequences in hadith understanding and in transmission of hadith's meaning to their audience. While clarifying kinds and causes of dissection of hadith, this essay intends to unveil negative and positive consequences of dissection of hadith in hadith understanding on the basis of historical and traditional evidences.

A comparative investigation of story of Adam's sons in the fourth chapter of Genesis is to be made in the present essay. While investigating the story of Abel and Caon in the Genesis and comparing it with the Quran, it attempts to make perspectives of Quran and Torah closer to one another. The foundation of law-making of criminal precepts formed in the story of Adam's sons is among significant discussions with which the present essay deals.

Considering sensitivity of Islam to making judgments, is that sensitivity merely to a particular dimension or is it to a general dimension and covers all statements and opinions said concerning people, issues, and various occurrences? Also, are there specific principles and essentials for those kinds of judgments? The present essay intends to answer such questions through Quranic verses. Results indicate that the holy Quran treats every kind of man's declaration, position, and selection as a kind of judgment which can be truth or untruth. To observe justice through listening to the call of sound nature and referring to the Quran, the holy Prophet and the infallible Imams who are the sheer manifestation of justice guarantees truth of human judgments while following one's lusts, one's doubts, and irrelevant prejudices makes man trapped in harmful this-worldly and other-worldly consequences, enmity with truth, and so on.

Poems of Parvin Etesami (1285 1320 A.S.H.) are full of Quranic concepts and Islamic-ethical principles. She treats the Quran as the high school of human perfection. In all of her poems, Parvin is in search for ethical advices and conclusions which are all in accordance with or in direction of Quranic teachings in such a way that shadows of presence of Quranic culture can clearly be observed through deliberation upon endoplasm of her poems. Her plain Khorasani style and avoiding usage of Quranic-Arabic terms and expressions made researchers and critiques who investigated and criticized her mostly speak of characteristics of her style, frames of speech, and power of conveying thoughts in her poems considering them educational, ethical, and sometimes mystical without any explicit reference to the Quran in the spirit of her poems which are full of ecstasies of divine speech. This essay is an attempt to open this window and to show this precious, unknown pearl in Parvin's poems which are not deliberated upon from this angle yet.

While having a look at the treatise entitled Asbab Huduth al-Huruf, this essay deals with Ibn Sina's novel and valuable opinions concerning science of tajwid including organ of pronunciation, occurrence of Arabic voices, and his style of study. Ibn Sina's analyses as well as his skills in medicine and laboratory resulted in establishing a new method of research concerning knowledge of positions of letters and the way they are heard. Basic axes in this study are: (1) phonetics and voices, (2) skills in medicine and laboratory and its usage in expounding organ of pronunciation or Arabic letters, (3) hearing method in expounding qualities of letters, and (4) restoration of speech voices with the aid of mechanical tools and natural phenomena.