URBAN MANAGEMENT
Year:2008 | Volume:6 | Issue:21|Papers Count:11

Urban permanent develop means the wishes’ achievement and answering the main requirementd of all levels and in this case the disables have the same amount of share compared to other citizens. Parks and urban green spaces have always been a place for everyone to spend solve time away from their problems.This article is written to improve these spaces’ usage specially for disables. Thus laleh park which is one of the biggest and oldest parks has been chose and then considering the existing standards for disables has been evaluated and compared here the Brunton machine was used to determine the gradient. The chosen standards using the Delfi method were categorized in 30 separate groups (physically and service). Results show that Laleh park from having the essential conditions’ perspective for the disables is in an average level in the way that only 30% of the standards have been considered. The main problems in the park are in fields of convince and services, the toilets, public phones, the ways and the mugs do not have a suitable design and usage. To mention some positive notes in the park we can name the suitable gradient in most spaces, suitable urban benches and kerbs in the ways.

Living in modern environment whit increasing population and the growth of urbanism, has turned cities into a locus of human collections with various activities and simultaneously made them face the lack of public green spaces in this way moving from modernized environment toward post – modern life and the emergence of nostalgia feelings among people in these areas, has increased the need to expend more luxury time and returning to green spaces in modern cities this transition has many social, psychological and cultural effects on citizens who live there.In this paper, adopting the descriptive-analytic research method, an attempt has been made to present recommendation and solutions to enhance the performance of urban management in connection to promotion of social, cultural, and mental effects of urban green spaces in metropolises while expressing the importance of green space in modern cities and analysis of social, cultural and mental effects caused by the development of such spaces. The findings of this study suggest that:- Green spaces in cities have highly desirable social and psychological effects and consequences besides ecologic yield.But in case of weak performance of urban management, these spaces can cause some undesirable functions.- Promoting exploitation of green space should be paid more attention than their ecologic promotion by the urban management (and, consequently, management of parks and green spaces of the municipalities).- Urban green spaces and urban management affect each other in such a way that it can be said urban green space will not function and perform desirably without active, sustainable urban management.

This article reviews the concept of urban density, and the documents and ratified regulations on the subject during recent years in Tehran.Although different aspects of density has been analyzed since then, but it seems that with the ratification of the new comprehensive plan of Tehran, taking a new look to this concept seems necessary.In fact, without understanding the true dimension of urban density, planning and design problems would be inevitable.One of the main human accomplishments of the last century in urban development is the focus on urban life quality and civic laws. Domination of quantitative approach to development and the lack of clear urban development strategies and legislative issues have been the principle reasons of the straggle of Tehran that caused its isolation from global urban development indicatives.Non-expert intervention in the matter, such as the selling of the surplus of residential density and to over-build the residential parcels in Tehran, and other big cities of Iran, seeking the benefit of a minority of investors, has lead to the loss of quality of urban environment. Unsustainability in many issues such as social safety, health and well-being of citizens is another consequence of this shortage.Throughout this article, a brief overview on the meaning of density (and its relating concepts) comes first. Then, as a sample of contemporary measures in urban density planning, and in a comparative framework, the zoning ordinance of New York and the equivalent documents for Tehran will be introduced and brought into discussion. Finally, the question remains that whether the new comprehensive plan of Tehran has considered the concept of density in a way that it could improve and ameliorate the environmental and social quality of citizens’ lives.

Environment effects evaluation can be used by planners and urban development managers as a tool for recognition survey and comparison of different urban development effects. the suitable effect evaluation method for this kind of development Ulrich includes a variety of activities is an Iranian Leopold matrix that measures each activitys effect on different environment components and gives it a number between -5 (very bad or destructive) and+5 (very good or useful). The most important negative effects of pardis in construction level considering its location and environmental specification are changing the natural land shape changing the valleys morphology changing the natural hydrology system plant and animal settlement destruction and cutting the animal immigrative paths. In population habitancy level the most important effects on spate behaviours changing the animal food and immigration.The most important solution for reducing the mentioned problems in construction level are to obey the natural land shape prevention of extra land preparation minimum change in land preventing a long operation level and in population settlement level traffic management. Appropriated disposd sewerage network development keeping natural immigration paths making urban green spaces and a kind of jungle belt to restrict the illegal development.

Pious foundations have always had a vital importance in survival of cultural, economic and social centers. Besides, their otherworldly effects these foundations have an important role in forming and trimming urban and suburban spaces. Thus they have got a high position in Islamic culture and Islamic cities. This is indeed important in Iran due to the blend of pious foundations with Islamic cultures.In the history of Iranian architecture there are traces of different pious constructions such as schools, mosques, caravanserais, baths, bazaars, etc.With no doubt, each of the above foundations has had an important role in forming the scientific bases and thoughts of the society.In this survey, the results and effects of having such foundations are discussed in the society today.The results show the important role of pious foundations in forming the urban design of Isfahan province. Meanwhile, we can express that due to the existence of Islamic thoughts and culture in different regions of Iran, various forms of such foundations have always been found through the history of this country.

Learning is a central part of life of each person, even when we don’t think that.Behavior never happen in vacancy, all is behaviors are related to form.Environmental learning composed of different elements, they are meaning full, when are beside each other.Each of these elements have a major role to form of different behaviors.It was necessary that I study a few plans of schools in country and check standards that using in schools. In this process, I did research in libraries and studied up to date essays about school designing.In this paper, i strived to check qualities of school in country and foreign countries, so getting some criteria to design ideal space.

In recent decades human living spaces have been interrupted by cultural aspects of multi media era. Human scale of cities and as a consequence, citizen’s satisfaction can be just achieved when an interactive dialogue between citizens arise in cultural, social and economical aspects of community. So, privacy is a key component of this procedure to satisfy a desire to express levels of individuality on citizens dwelling.This paper research and analyses successful historic case studies of housing projects in different countries and historic dwellings of Iran to evaluate relationships between dwellings and public spaces that offer progressive levels of privacy.This paper conclude that there should be a multiple transitional spaces between the street and interior of dwelling that provide varying degree of privacy in a community-oriented environment that encourages family and community values, contributes to the healthy living of residents without depriving their privacy, implement controlled public spaces and visual permeability to be able to supervise children and promote safety.