URBAN MANAGEMENT
Year:2011 | Volume:9 | Issue:27|Papers Count:20

Armani reached a safe city and achievable goal, because the cities disorganized, dirty, narrow, crowded, unsafe, poor, contaminated environmental pollution, noise, visual model of a city cannot live for the existing dearest is the world's creatures. Security, ensure the continued life and prosperity and abundance, without the threat of Islamic urbanism is based. Engineering system developed social behaviors, social norms derived from combining the virtues of urban space, human body, design and construction of urban spaces with the centrality of human perfection and the spirit of communication and interaction between citizens and governing the behavior of physical spaces of the city, macro strategy for realizing the city is safe. Administrative principles implementation strategies in urban management from major foundations of Islam and beautification beautiful thinking, targeted training, mobility, justice in city government, housing desirable, in order design, kindness, affection and affable, the infrastructure part strength buildings and urban environment in improving the quality of city governance and wise men, scientists, poverty eradication, prevention and protection of citizens against any insecurity, strengthening and deepening social activities with God's part in society. Map drawing and editing with social engineering behavior of citizens, the city is realizing safe.

Problems associated with urban management in Tehran cannot be perceived and resolved unless different roles of the capital city can be understood. Influential role of national government in urban management has been turning the Municipality of Tehran into a central government agent that has its roots in the long lasted political culture of the country. This paper tires to relate the main problems that Tehran are facing at the time, to somehow contradicted different roles of the city and attempts to recognize three different and maybe contradicted roles for Tehran as the capital of Iran, the largest agglomerated human settlement in the country, and the living place for millions of people. These different roles of Tehran have caused different interests and raised contradictions between people, local authorities and central government.The paper suggests that a kind of integrated plan that provides the platform for integrated development planning can solve the problems. In such planning system, all actors and interest groups have to accept the others as partners to achieve sustainable integrated urban development. It is obvious that such approach can sustain, only through creating an institution that is necessary to institutionalize sustainable and integrated urban development.

Stations spaces are important examples of public spaces which are in close connections with the social life of people. Also, the social interaction and relation between people and city environment will become so important for metro station spaces. Therefore, metro stations play an essential role in urban life. Thus, it is essential to consider the metro stations as public spaces in order to reach the social sustainability.This paper addresses the result of a research done by the authors on the influential elements on improvement of social interaction in metro stations. The goal of present research is investigating the preferences of architectural requirements in improving social interaction between people and environment in metro station spaces. For doing so after studying and investigating the opinions and approaches for improving the social interactions in transport areas, by using the technique for gathering information via questionnaire the preferences of users for the goal of the research have been studied. The result of the research show that in case of architectural requirements which contribute to improving social interactions, consideration to the resting and sitting furniture, great dimensions of space and establishing diverse activities in surround of metro station are the most important factors.

Within the sustainability field, culture is discussed in terms of cultural capital, defined as “traditions and values, heritage and place, the arts, diversity and social history” (Roseland, 2005). The stock of cultural capital, both tangible and intangible, is what we inherit from past generations and what we will pass on to future generations.  However the achieving of culturally sustained urban places is an aim which cannot be met exclusively by the manipulation of the physical environment, and in considering the wide range of elements which must be incorporated in achieving sustainability, it is more often the non-physical variables that are the most effective. Peter Hall says, when speaking about cultural capital, there could not be a single model of sustainability as the issue is very place-oriented. As a need for local approach to cultural sustainability every community should determine its own stakeholders and indicators which are (or should be) considered in local cultural policy making. This article is a summary of a research held by author in which aimed to present a framework and basis for cultural policy making in local level. Applying a comparative study among several European and American cities’ cultural approaches to public realm together with determining local stakeholders and their cultural programs and projects in Tehran the research comes up with essential indicators which should be considered in cultural decision making within public realm in Tehran.

Rural Tourism is considered as one the means of reducing migration of villagers to the cities, providing social comfort for the villagers etc. Because rural tourism involves village areas, it often includes sport activities such as slope walking and mountaineering i.e. activities that require special study and proper planning in exploitation of natural resources and possibilities. It is a known fact that so far, in the districts of Mazandaran, little proper study has been made with the object of recognizing local possibilities aimed at expansion of rural tourism as part of district management.Therefore the present study was undertaken with the object of arriving at an analytical classification and hierarchical graduation of Mazandran districts, in respect of their suitability for fruitful rural touristic activities, as part of provincial management. The methods adopted in this research are applied – analytic GIS – AHP supported by networks of data. The results of findings are that the districts of Amol,Babol, Nour, and Tonekabon, because of their suitability for rural slope walking, districts of Nour,Amol, Sari, and Nowshahr, because of their suitability for rural mountaineering and finally districts of Nour, Amol, Tonekabon and Chaloose because of their suitability for rural mountaineering ecotourism have all distinct positions, In other words, amongst the mentioned districts Nour and Amol, because of their suitability  for all the three rural ecotourism have excellent positions ,whereas, on the contrary, the district of Jouybar and Babolsar and in the second order Galoogah and Mahmoud – Abad exhibit the least attraction for rural ecotourism and mountaineering. Finally based on finding in this proposal, practical solutions have been offered.

Because of two major reasons, Transportation is interesting for geographers. First, the infrastructure, terminals, equipment and transportation networks have occupied considerable geographical space in places and have formed the main foundations of complex space systems. Second, since the geographers are explaining spatial relationships, in among the networks are particular of interest geographers, because these networks are enabled the interaction space. Ideal model transportation is model that was a moment, the capacity is unlimited, and is always available, the other wordsو Geographical perspective is overcoming space main goal of transportation, and the space is formed by a variety of natural and human constraints such as distance, time, Management divisions and topography. Thus the question appears whether the model can analyzed be best form of space. This purpose, this study has paid by used a survey, and field studies to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats with to provide strategies to improve bus rapid transit (BRT) city of Tabriz. Analysis has showed that bus rapid transit (BRT) in Tabriz was recently established. And it is facing with a very high threshold of vulnerability because the lack of facilities and also transit infrastructure in the city of Tabriz which requires review and appropriate policies to eliminate restrictions and reinforced advantages.

This study have been conducted to evaluate the use of administrative automation role in the personal' s operation of Khorramabad municipality at 1389. At this study we have selected 99members of Khorramabad munipality's personal that 18 of them were female and the rest were male. They have been chosen balse on kersi morgon table and by chance and sampling method. The study method was descriptive – measuring. Data collection tool was questionnaire. To analyze the Data we have used kolmogrouf smirnof, single group, one tail variance analyze tests and independent groups by using spss software. Finding shows that: Khoramabad municipality personal has a positive attitude about the role of using the administrative automation (support systems, telecommunication systems, document displacement systems, document management systems) in their operations.

The aim of this study is to assess the sustainability of the planning of greenways in Tehran's landscape change. By adopting an ecological approach towards the comparison of ecological indicators in different planning approaches, this study evaluates Tehran's ecological networks' function in the process of landscape change. Similar to a simulative approach, the research methodology is comparative-analytical. This process results in new ecological indicators that can be useful for a sustainable planning of urban greenways.In addition to studies such as "Land Capability Assessment" and "Development Impact Assessment" (that help achieve environmental equilibrium), an ecological networks' function assessment is also necessary to monitor the process of landscape change. Landscape change is introduced as “the alteration of structure and function over time through their interaction and mutual influences”. The main emphasis of this assessment is to investigate the causes and effects of land-use and land-cover dynamics in controlling social programs as well as planning new landscapes network. By using greenways' functional indicators, the possibility of improving the interactions between primary and secondary, natural and built, and inner and outer living zones can be achieved.

There is no doubt that mega cities have a main share in countries' GDP. On the other hand, excessive trading interaction and reconstruction of global economy, especially after the USSR decomposition, lead the world to a new phenomenon called globalization.Economic globalization is a phenomenon completely in relation with mega cities competition over human, fiscal, technological and capital resources. Better quality of life and offering a higher level of welfare was the most important tool being used by city managers in this competition. Mega cities have promoted the level of welfare of their inhabitant. Also they have a very positive effect on the country's economic development. Nevertheless it is just the positive side of the coin, the negative side will reveal by the time we compare the wealth generated by mega cities and their role on global warming, world climate change and increase of the country's ecological footprint. This paper debates on pros and cons of mega cities by comparing their positive and negative effect on our life using a dialectic approach.

The old residents around the reconstructed street of "Navvab" are interested to sell their properties instead of participation in its renovation process; this indicate that they are dissatisfied about reside in such an area. For this reason, the residents were interviewed by a semi-structured method in comparison with the categorized data which are purified and analyzed. Subsequently, the similarity between different dimensions of dissatisfactions of the residents (unsuitable dwelling, visually unpleasant sights, lack of facilities and services, lack of security and comfort, cultural dissimilarity and absence of social cooperation, loss of property and lack of participation in the construction of the area) have been analyzed. According to the results of this study, three main factors are identified which are the causes of such dissatisfactions: difficulties around the old constructions, unsuitable reconstruction policies and finally the reconstruction design of "Navvab" street. According to this research, the skeletal shifts in reconstruction of "Navvab" street, without considering of its identity and background causes the old residents of "Navvab" street in Tehran to feel they lack sense of dwelling.

The idea of Videoecology was introduced by Vasiliy Antonovitch Filin in 1998 for the first time. He has analyzed visual environment (case study of facades) according to physiology of seeing and visual mechanisms; and has indicated that which environment is more pleasant or unpleasant for observer’s eyes. In this paper we tried to study Filin’s researches through complementary analysis. Also, because Filin did not present specific reasons for pleasantness and unpleasantness of environments from the viewpoint of architecture and urban design, this study intend to survey standards of physiology of seeing and to analyze examples of facades to achieve pleasantness and unpleasantness criteria. The results show that the facades which have Homogeneous geometry or have a great number of vertical or horizontal lines and have a great number of same elements are not suitable for eyes in relation to the criteria of Videoecology; and the facades that are designed based on standards of seeing are more suitable and pleasant for eyes.    

The aim of the present study is the analysis of the role and position of information literacy as one of the prominent indexes in ICT which is effective in citizens’ participation in city management of Isfahan. Here in this study, the citizens’ participation in the framework of electronic participation is measured in three dimensions of economic, socio-cultural and service. The applied methodology in this study, based on the purpose of the study and data collection, is of application and survey ones. The population of the study includes all the citizens aged 20-49 who are living in Isfahan, and the sample size includes 384 persons, in which the Cochran formula is chosen. The method of multi-stage sampling and data collection are done through questionnaires. In order to analyze the data and hypothesis test, different statistical tests with the application of SPSS and Amos modeling software programs have be applied.The results of the study show that in structural equation model, the effects of information literacy factor on E-participation is significant and bears positive and moderate coefficient (0.59). All the general and partial indexes are at the level of acceptability; therefore, the collected data support the specified theoretical model in a great extent. Generally, with the consideration of 59-percent prediction and 12-percent estimation of E-participation variable variance is somehow suitable. But the position of information literacy in citizens’ participation in city management and the framework of E-participation do not show any suitable condition. Approximately 5 per cent of questionnaire subjects have high participation, while about 95 per cent have low participation.

Urban decay is the process whereby a previously functioning city, or part of a city, falls into disrepair and decrepitude. It may feature deindustrialization, depopulation or changing population, economic restructuring, abandoned buildings, high local unemployment, fragmented families, political disenfranchisement, crime, and a desolate, inhospitable city landscape. Also urban decay has no single cause; it results from combinations of inter-related socio-economic conditions-including the city’s urban planning decisions, the poverty of the local populace, the construction of freeway roads and rail road lines that bypass the area, depopulation by suburbanization of peripheral lands, real estate neighborhood redlining, and xenophobic immigration restrictions. Tehran Metropolitan is confronted with the urban decay problems and urban regeneration is issued as the last policy for reduction of this problem. In relation to this matter 15th municipality urban district has been selected as a case study which contains complex urban decay.Determination of priority of intervention in decayed blocks is basic purpose of paper. Boolean logic, factor analysis and other statistical methods have been used for achieving and fulfillment of those purposes. Outcomes of this paper demonstrate that giving special attention to economic and social criteria with physical factors simultaneously, is essential for determination of intervention type in decayed blocks in 15th municipality urban district.

The appearance of villages of Iran has been changed very rapidly in the recent decades in such a way that sociologists are seeking a response for the quality of such changes and also the related cultural damages. Among them some are proponents of protection of villages traditional feature without any change and the other group deems such transformations inevitable and as the result of urbanism and increase of immigration from villages to cities. In this article it has been tried to challenge the cultural factors of such transformations and to take a look on the necessity of operation optimization. The subject matters of this article have been collected on the basis of library studies and field observations about more than 90 villages at plain, mount and mountainous at Guilan province and analyzed with causal research method. For the same reason, first culture has been defined and its relation with architecture was investigated and the importance of study of architecture as one of the symbols of social culture and specifications were mentioned. Then the necessity of change in rural societies and therefore relative transformation of villages' residential architecture in relation to cultural changes was propounded. This research was performed with the aim of stress on the necessity of change in architectural techniques in relation to villagers' current life needs and mentioned the importance of the effect of cultural needs on rural house pattern.

Increasing informal settlements residents in third world cities and finding effective strategies to improve their conditions has become to one of the most important challenges in Iran and other third world countries. There are different factors which affect informal settlements, but present research focuses on training gaps in municipalities and city councils to cope with informal settlements problems. The main question of this research can be stated that what knowledge and skill deficits are in municipalities and city councils personnel which can be removed  by training courses .To find reply to this question, different methods, such as organization analysis, problem analysis and surveying have been used for measuring training needs. In the end of research, a training instruction has been designed, in which there are three structures for training programs: 1- Lesson or workshop, which is the smallest component of a training program2- Training course, that at least contains 2 lessons or one workshop3- Training module, that is composed of one or more coursesFinally, six training modules have been designed, as: 1) Documents and Concepts related with Urban Upgrading, 2) Management of Land and Housing in Urban Upgrading, 3) Economy and Financing Urban Upgrading, 4) Citizen Participation  in Urban Upgrading, 5) Crisis Management and Urban Infrastructures in Urban Upgrading Process and 6) the Module for Environment and Health.

Urban space is an organized phenomenon which is defined in different shapes of information such as form, function and image, the base of forming & promotion of social life of a society which states culture & method of urbanity of a civilization.Urban space is an objectivity that is gotten from sociality in a physical base, in a meaningful context & for the sake some functions about needs of human group.Whatever is seen in our to-day cities it's not the urban space rather they're the void spaces which are produced of putting together the building & the remaining piece of the masses that first springs lesser concept to the mind.This research looks for a presentation of a redefinition of urban space, in to-day city, in a great city like Tehran. And the thing which completes this category is the quality of the urban space.For the sake of these goals, through the correlate texts & literatures, the frame of theoretical bases has formed.Also a case study has done around the Vali asr square to Vali asr crossroads .the information of this recognition has compared with the theoretical bases. The conclusion of this research leads us to the more flexible definition to judge about urban spaces in the todays urban context.