JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2019 | Volume:18 | Issue:75 |Papers Count:15

Background: Procrastination as a self-regulatory deficiency is considered as one of the main factors in several personal and interpersonal problems. Aims: The main purpose of the present study was to examine psychometric properties of the Pure Procrastination Scale (PPS) including internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent/discriminant validity, and construct validity. Mehtod: Four hundred and eighty seven students (263 girls, 224 bpys) were included in this study. All participants were asked to complete the PPS, Tehran Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (TMPS), Ego-Strength Scale (ESS), and Mental Health Inventory (MHI-28). Results: Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the PPS were examined at satisfactory levels. The PPS revealed negative associations with self-oriented perfectionism (p>0/001), ego-strenght (p<0/001), and psychological well-being (p<0/001), as well as significant positive associations with other-oriented perfectionism (p<0/001), socially prescribed perfectionism (p<0/001), and psychological distress(p<0/001). These results confirmed the convergent and discriminant validity of the PPS. Conclusions: Preliminary results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed a general factor for the PPS. Based on the results of the present study, it was concluded that the PPS can be considered as a reliable and valid scale to measure procrastination in Iranian samples.

Background: Research suggests a relationship between insecure attachment and dysfunctional parenting with domestic violence, whereas, according to theoretical foundations, early maladaptive schemas can mediate this relationship. Aims: investigate the relationship between insecure attachment and dysfunctional parenting with domestic violence mediated by early maladaptive schemas. Method: The present study is a correlational study of path analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all women on the verge of divorce referring to Tehran social emergencies. The final sample size of the study consisted of (n=433) who were selected by Random cluster. Tools included Hazen and Shaver Attachment Styles (1987), Robinson et al. 's Parenting Dimension (2001), Young's Early Maladaptive Schema (1988), and the Roonma Noori Domestic Violence (2008). The method of data analysis was path analysis. Results: insecure attachment and dysfunctional parenting have a significant positive relationship both directly and indirectly through early maladaptive schemes with domestic violence in women on the verge of divorce (p<0/01). Conclusions: it means that, insecure attachment and dysfunctional parenting lead to the formation of most of the early maladaptive schemas and through these schemas provide the background for domestic violence.

Background: research shows organizational bullying can create emotional and psychological damages in employees. Could emotion regulation training help to decrease damages? Aims: The present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effect of Emotion Regulation training on perceived bullying and job performance of female employees at the organization of physical education. Method: It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all women working at the organization of physical education in the province of Isfahan who were working in the autumn of 2018. 30 female employees at the organization of physical education in the province of Isfahan were selected through non-random purposive sampling method and randomly replaced into experimental and control groups. Experimental group received 8 session of group emotional regulation training (Gross & Thompson, 2007). The applied questionnaires included perceived organizational bullying (researchermade) questionnaire and job performance questionnaire (Hersi and Goldsmith, 1990). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA method. Results: The result showed that emotion regulation training has significantly influenced perceived bullying and job performance of female employees at the organization of physical education (p<0/0001). The statistical effect size of emotion regulation training on perceived bullying and job performance of female employees at the organization of physical education was 67% and 53% respectively. Conclusions: based on the findings of the study it can be concluded that teaching emotion regulation techniques can increase job performance and decrease perceived bullying among female employees in organization of physical education.

Background: several studies have shown non-invasive brain stimulation techniques caused decrease in psychological symptoms in patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder. but could we show this through a metaanalysis study? Aims: In this paper, we review the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on psychopathological symptoms via meta-analysis in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Method: A total of 10 studies were selected for this meta-analysis. The data were gathered from the following databases: scientific journals of psychology, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, SID based on methodological conditions, topic and research design. The effect size of each study was calculated. Results: based on the result of this meta-analysis, the combined effect size of transcranial direct current stimulation (p<0/0028) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (p<0/0069) effect in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms was found to be significant and large according to Cohen’ s table. Conclusions: non-invasive brain stimulation was found to have a large effect in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Background: Attachment styles and personality types are key determinants of intimate relationships such as life and sexual satisfaction. The issue of the present study is the lack of sufficient data regarding the relationship between attachment styles and personality types with life and sex satisfaction considering the interactive effects between them. Aims: The aim of this research is to compare the rate of life satisfaction and sexual satisfaction with respect to attachment styles in two personality types A and B. Method: The study was a causalcomparative design. Statistical population contains all married students of Payame Nour University of Tabriz in academic year 2018-2019, which amounts to 7000 subjects of whom 400 subjects were selected as sample through classified random sampling method. Diner's life satisfaction questionnaire(2008), Hadson's sexual satisfaction questionnaire(1981), Hazen and Shaiver's attachment style questionnaire(1987) and Burtner's personality type questionnaire(1967) were carried out on these subjects at first, and finally after eliminating 15 subjects from these samples because of errors contained in questionnaires, two-factor variance analysis of sample containing 385 subject was done. Results: Findings show that the rate of life satisfaction is affected by the interaction between the type of attachment style of subjects and their personality types so that subjects with immune attachment style have higher rate of life satisfaction in both personality types, (p<0/05). Whereas sexual satisfaction of subjects is not affected by attachment styles personality type and the interaction between these two components (p>0/05). Conclusions: Accordingly rate of life satisfaction is affected by their personality type according to their attachment style.

Background: Various research have shown the significant effect hope therapy have meaningful effects in improving quality of life such as hope and psychological well-being, self-esteem and reducing stress, anxiety and depression among people but could this therapy be also effective among the man who have physical-motor disabilities? Disabilities in general and physical-motor disabilities in particular lead to mental stress in disabled individuals. Therefore, the question of this study is that whether hope therapy can improve the quality of life in these individuals. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group hope therapy based on the quality of life in men with physical-motor disabilities. Method: This research was a quasiexperimental study with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population consisted of all men with physical-motor disabilities covered by the Welfare Organization of the city of Kamyaran in 2015-2016. Among them, 30 individuals were recruited by using convenience sampling and assigned randomly into two experimental (n=15) and control groups (n=15). The experimental group received 8 sessions of group hope therapy (Snyder, 2000). To collect data, the World Health Organization quality of life instrument-short form (1991) was used. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Results: Group hope therapy had a significant effect on the quality of life of men with physical-motor disabilities (p<0/001). Conclusions: It can be concluded that therapeutic interventions such as group hope therapy can be effective to increase the quality of life in disabled people.

Background: many researches have shown physiological and chronic diseases such as rheumatism can damage the children’ s psychological, relationships, social and emotional processes. Could mindfulness therapy be effective to reduce if this damages? Aims: Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of child-oriented mindfulness on pain of the children with rheumatism. Method: It was a quasiexperimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period. The research population included the children with rheumatism in the city of Isfahan in the autumn of 2018. 30 children with rheumatism were selected through non-random convenient sampling and randomly replaced into experimental and control groups. Then the experimental group received ten sixty-minute sessions of child-oriented mindfulness interventions (Burdic, 2017) during three months. The applied questionnaire included McGill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1997). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA. Results: The results of the study showed that mindfulness therapy has significantly influenced pain of the children with rheumatism (p<0/001). Moreover, the results showed that this therapy was able to significantly maintain its effect in time (p<0/001). The degree of statistical effect of mindfulness therapy on mindfulness on pain was 90% respectively in the children with rheumatism. Conclusions: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that mindfulness therapy employing techniques such as thoughts, emotions and mindful behavior can be applied as an efficient therapy to decrease pain of the children with rheumatism.

Background: Academic engagement is one of the effective variables in the field of education and learning, which is affected by various factors, but to what extent can cognitive ability, socioeconomic status and academic enthusiasm? Aims: The present study was carried out to investigate the structural pattern of predicting academic engagement based on cognitive ability and socioeconomic status by mediating academic enthusiasm in high school students in the city of Rumshkan in 2017-2018. Method: The research method was descriptive-correlational of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population of the study consisted of all secondary school female students in the city of Rumshkan who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method (317 people). The used instruments included Reeve's (2013) academic engagement scale, Nejati's (2013) cognitive ability questionnaire, Fredericks et al (2004) academic enthusiasm inventory, and researcher-made socio-economic and demographic information questionnaire. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results: The results showed significant direct effects of cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, and academic enthusiasm on academic engagement as well as significant direct effects of cognitive ability and socioeconomic status on academic enthusiasm. Also, cognitive ability and socioeconomic status had significant indirect effects on academic engagement by mediating academic enthusiasm. Also, results showed that the designed model by using the present study sample had appropriate model fit. Conclusions: Therefore, the mentioned structural pattern can predict the extent of students' academic engagement with regard to the variables of cognitive ability, socioeconomic status, and academic enthusiasm.

Background: Cancer has been perceived as a horrible and deadly disease among some people, which may cause felling neglected and inadequate social support, but could these attitudes lead the persons of society to decrease their social support and avoid them? Aims: In order to discover the reasons for inadequate social support, this study investigated the attitude of the citizens of Tehran toward cancer patients. Method: This study was a correlational-descriptive design. One hundred and thirty-four people completed the attitude toward cancer patients scale (Cho and Colleague, 2012). Results: The results demonstrated that there was a positive relationship between the belief regarding the impossibility of the cancer treatment, stereotypes of cancer patients, and discrimination against them. Furthermore, people who had the experience of volunteering in the centers for supporting the cancer patients showed lower discrimination against these patients. Also men showed more negative attitudes toward the patients than women, but had lower discriminating actions against them than women. Conclusions: the findings showed that individuals with negative attitudes toward cancer patients were more likely to have discrimination against them and provided inadequate social support.

Background: several researches have referred to relationship between Schemas as the core of human beliefs and personality styles and characteristics. According to this could we predict resiliency based on the schemas? Aims: This study was conducted with the aim of predicting the resiliency based on early maladaptive schemas and a five-factor model of personality in nurses working in governmental hospitals in Tehran. Method: The research method is descriptive and correlational. In this study 200 persons were selected according to available sampling method. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistics including Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient test were used. The tool used to measure variables was the schema questionnaire-short form (J. E. Young, 1998), Neo short form questionnaire (2004), and Conner & Davidson's resiliency questionnaire (2003). Results: Using Multiple Regression Analysis and Pearson Correlation Coefficient, relationship between neuroticism variables and early maladaptive schemas with resiliency is negative and significant (P<0/05) and the relationship between extroversion, openness to experience and responsibility with resiliency is positive and significant (P<0/05). Conclusions: The results showed that with increasing neuroticism and early maladaptive schemas, resiliency is reduced and with increasing extraversion, openness to experience and responsibility, resiliency is increased. The results also showed that the early maladaptive schemas had the greatest impact on resiliency.

Background: research shows applying the Persian version of problematic pornography consumption for social network users. But could we examine the validity and reliability of this scale among social network users. Aims: The purpose of the present research was to examine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of problematic pornography consumption scale among social networking sites users. Method: This descriptive-Survey study was performed by online survey among social networking sites users during october to december 2018. Four hundred and eight people were selected via voluntary-responses and convenience sampling. In this research, the applied instruments were the pornography use(Carroll and colleague, 2018) and problematic pornography consumption scale (Bő the and colleague, 2018). Data were analyzed using Cronbach’ s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The coefficients obtained for salience, mood modification, conflict, tolerance, relapse, withdrawal and total scale, were respectively, 0/71, 0/80, 0/68, 0/84, 0/88, 0/80 and 0/94, which indicate a good reliability. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that significant relationship between observed variables (questions) and the latent structures (factors) confirmed, and the six-factor in this sample was appropriate fitness (GFI= 0/92, AGFI= 0/88, CFI= 0/96, RMSEA= 0/06). Conclusions: Persian version of problematic pornography consumption scale among the social networking sites users has good reliability and validity, and use of this tool in future research is reliable.

Background: research refers to increasing number of couple referred to psychotherapy to treat emotional relationships and adjustment problems through couple therapy based on admission and commitment and emotional focused couple therapy. But could we compare the effectiveness of these therapies? One of the common reasons these days are referred to psychiatrists and psychologists is the problem of marriage and emotional relationships between spouses and therapist couples for this reason, it has become a very popular mental health professional common. Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Couple therapy based on admission and commitment and excitement therapy couple on stress and cohesion and improvement of adjustment in Tehran’ s wives in 2019. Method: The present study was a quasiexperimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The study population consisted of spouses who referred to family counseling clinics in Tehran. Thirty couples were selected by purposive non-random sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (10 couples each). The research tools were Spinier Adjustment questionnaire (1976), Antonovsky’ s Consistency scale (1993) and Lovibond Scale of Depression, Anxiety and Stress-21 (1995). Two treatment protocols for the two experimental groups were performed in eight 90-minute sessions. Data analysis was performed using covariance. Results: The results showed that acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy and emotion-focused couple therapy were significantly effective on stress, cohesion and improvement of adjustment in spouses. Conclusions: interventions and protocols in counseling settings were effective for both treatment.