JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2016 | Volume:15 | Issue:57 |Papers Count:9

As regards to the suicidal thoughts and anger which are the most common states among delinquent adolescents and also the role of cognitive processes in the etiology and emergence of these attitudes, this research studies the influence of the self-review as a cognitive technique on suicidal thoughts and anger in female delinquent adolescents. This is a treatment intervention according to a pre-trial plan using a pre-test and post-test. Among female delinquent adolescents residing at Tehran province rehabilitation and training institution, 25 individuals were selected by accessible sampling. Beck’ s suicidal thoughts and nielsen’ s anger questionnaire were used as evaluation tools. By using the questionnaires, individuals were evaluated before and after attending therapeutic sessions. Data were analyzed by using t-test for paired samples. The results revealed a significant reduction in scores of suicidal thoughts, but this method is not an effective technique on anger in comparison to post-test. According to the results of the present study, self-review method has been an effective technique in reducing the frequency of suicidal thoughts in delinquent girls; however, this method has not been effective in reducing anger.

Marital relationships are influenced by sexual dysfunctions resulting in development and or continuing marital problems. The present study aimed at examining the moderating role of performance anxiety, sexual knowledge and attitudes on the relationship between severity of sexual dysfunctions and marital problems. A total of 70 individuals (35 males, 35 females) referring to the sexual dysfunctions center of the Mashhad university of medical sciences participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete Golombok-Rust inventory of sexual state questionnaire (GRISS), Golombok Rust inventory of marital state (GRIMS), multidimensional self concept questionnaire (MDSCQ), and sexual knowledge and attitude scale (SKAS). Sexual dysfunctions showed a significant positive association with marital problems. Performance anxiety and inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes to sex showed significant positive associations with marital problems. Performance anxiety as well as sexual knowledge and attitudes predicted sexual dysfunctions. Analysis of the data revealed that performance anxiety significantly moderated the relationship between sexual dysfunctions and marital problems. The moderating role of sexual knowledge and attitudes, however, did not approved. Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that sexual and marital aspects of the couple's relationship are influenced by personal characteristics of performance anxiety as well as sexual knowledge and attitude. The results of the present study provided support for the importance of these variables in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunctions as well as marital problems.

Most of behavioural problems in children reflect interpersonal intricate conditions between family members, parents in particular. The present research was to compare perceived parental rearing, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence of female students in divorced and intact families. The method applied in this research was descriptive-correlation. The research sample comprised 146 subjects who were selected from among 4754 female high school students from Gorgan in the academic year 2014-2015 by using available sampling method. They completed the short egna minnen betraffande uppfostran (EMBU-S), the young schema questionnaire (YSQ) and the spiritual intelligence self-report inventory (SISRI). The data was analyzed using, logistic regression, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The findings indicted that there was a positive relationship between students’ perceived parental rearing and early maladaptive schemas both in divorced and intact families. from among early maladaptive schemas components, only five components i. e. abandonment, defectiveness/ shame, failure, emotional inhibition and hyper-criticalness would predict whether the families were divorced or intact. Also, from among emotional intelligence components, only three components including personal meaningful, self-awareness and critical thinking would predict whether the families were divorced or intact. finally, all three components of perceived parental rearing would predict whether the families were divorced or intact.

Life satisfaction refers to individuals’ global evaluation of their own lives. The purpose of this study was to investigated relationship between family communication pattern and life satisfaction whit mediator role of religion Motivation. For this reason, 350 students (150 males and 200 females) from Shiraz university were chosen with multistage random cluster sampling method. The participants responded to the following scales: Life satisfaction scale, (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin, 1985), family communication pattern scale, (Fitzpatrik& Ritchie, 1999) and Situational motivational scale, (Gay, Vallerand& Blanchard, 2000). Reliability and validity of the measures were approved by Cronbach alpha and factor analysis. Multiple regression and path analysis were used to test the hypothesis. The results by path analysis technique showed that the relationship between family communication pattern and Life of satisfaction was positive direct and significant. That conversational communication pattern can predict life of satisfaction positively. And conformity communication pattern can predict life of satisfaction negatively. In addition, the results showed that family communication pattern had an influence on intrinsic religion motivation and extrinsic religion motivation. In sum, the results showed that religion motivation could have a mediator role in family communication pattern and life of satisfaction. The implications of results were discussed in relation to the pervious literature. Suggestions for future researches, educational practice and limitation of this study were also discussed.

Self-control as a skill is similar to the self-regulation and in today's technological today world is a necessary skill for success. The purpose of present study was to predict the high school student's academic achievement on the basis of self-control, technologies addiction (internet, mobile phone and computer games), sex and ADHD. 360 students (185 girls and 175 boys) were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The research instruments included self-control questionnaire (SCQ), technologies addiction questionnaire (TAQ), and diagnostic check list for ADHD (ASRS). Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression analyses and U Man-Whitney test. results indicated that there was a significant relation between self-control, technologies addiction and academic achievement, where its pattern was also different in male and female students. ADHD was a significant predictor for student's academic achievement. There were also negative and significant relationship between student's self-control, technologies addiction and ADHD.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of physical exercise on the body image concern in elder females, and also the mediating role of body mass index in the relationship between self-esteem and body image concern. From all elder females in Tehran, a sample consisting of 177 athletic elder females and 195 non-athletics elder females were recruited from restricts 2, 6, 22, and 4 in Tehran by cluster random sampling. Littleton's body image concern (2005), Rosenberg's self-esteem (1963), and individual information questionnaires were used to collect data. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by measuring participant's heights and weights. Multiple analyzes of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare the dimensions of body image concern in the two groups. Also, the mediating role of body mass index in the relationship between self-esteem and body image concern were examined with regression analysis. Results of this study showed that body image concerns in athletic females were significantly lower in all subscales from non-athletic counterparts (P<0. 001, F =-4. 12). In other words, athletic elder females had both lower appearance dissatisfaction (P<0. 001, F =-4. 26) and lower social performance interference than athletic elder females (P<00. 1, F =-3. 73). Then, the only effect of body image dissatisfaction on self-esteem in this model was confirmed using regression indicators (P≤ 0. 001, β =-042). The results related to the comparison of body image concerns in athletic and non-athletic elder females was aligned with many researches in this field showing fewer body image concerns followed by physical activity. But part of the results related to the mediating role of body mass index in the relationship between self-esteem and body image concern in elder female were inconsistent with many of the studies.

This study discusses the effect of training from imitation of emotional facial actions on improving the ability of mind reading in children with autism. This study was of the experimental type with the single test design and covered the society of all the children with high functioning autism disorder between 1393-92 who for receiving the specialized services, had consulted with the centers located in Teheran. With a targeted sampling, three 5 to 7 year old children were chosen. The assessments were done in five steps; two weeks before starting the treatment, one day before starting the treatment, after five sessions of treatment, after 12 sessions of treatment, one day after finishing the treatment and finally, the follow up step (four weeks after finishing the treatment). The means used in test was the observer mind reading test, 38 theory of mind questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the single test design. The results obtained by analyzing the diagrams shows that the performance of participants in observer mind reading test, 38 theory of mind questionnaire has improved significantly. Also, the amount of effect showed that this training program had been effective in promoting the mind reading. This study showed that using the training based on imitation supports the children with high functioning autism disorder in restoring some levels of theory of mind and after applying the intervention, the skills of mind reading has improved significantly in these children.

Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of distance education on meta-cognitive awareness and reading comprehension in students of Payame Noor university to accomplish the stated aims, 30 students (15 male, 15 female) from Payame Noor university were chosen by multistage cluster sampling method in the city of Hamedan. The research design of the study was pretest-posttest randomized group design. The instruments used in this study included metacognitive awareness reading strategies inventory (MARSI), and reading comprehension tests. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) has been used. The results showed significant positive effectiveness of distance education in increasing reading comprehension of experimental group. In addition, experimental groups’ metacognitive awareness increased significantly in post-test compared to, pre-test and control group. Distance education is effective on increasing cognitive variables (look like metacognitive awareness and reading comprehension) in students.