JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Year:2016 | Volume:15 | Issue:58 |Papers Count:9

One of the fields of developmental clinical psychology is understanding how culture impacts development, behavior, and disorder. Spreading of industrialization has changed traditional communities in the sociocultural context. Many of these changes are impressed by the differences of generations which substitute each other. Identity is related to sociocultural context. This study, which is intercultural, aims to trace sociocultural rupture in intergenerational relationships and to survey its role on identity formation. In this study, two qualitative methods have been compounded. Tracing of sociocultural rupture between subjects and their parents has been used for opening a way to survey identity. So, in the beginning, according to interviews by "grounded theory", We have provided issues related to sociocultural relationships. Then on this basis, by using the clinical method, identity components have been studied as a case study. 10 young girls and women have been selected in Tehran on the based of "theoretical sampling" method. Research tools were the interviews directory. Data analysis have been done with data coding and interpretation. The results of this study have drawn as the theoretical model and they have shown that more intensity of the sociocultural rupture between two generation, less probability of the identity achievement in children of family.

Externalizing behaviour disorders in childhood, cause many psychological problems for parents. Oppositional defiant disorder one of the childhood disorders that cause psychological problems in the parent's and management of children's behavior creates problems, to the so purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of behavior parent training methods to mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder on reducing depression these mothers. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design and control group. To do so, 30 mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder were selected using at-hand sampling and divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups filled out CSI-4 scale and beck inventory depression. In the next step, the experimental group was instructed behavior parent training in 9 ninety-minute sessions while the mothers in control group went on their normal procedures. At the end of the instructional session, both groups filled out the mentioned questioners as the post-test. Covariance analysis was used for analyzing data. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that instructing behavior modification methods improved depression scores in mothers (P<0/05) in comparison with the control group. The results totally showed that behavioral training to mothers improves their psychological disturbance in mothers with behavioral disorders.

Intergenerational transmission is referred to transmission of behaviors, characteristics, and/or tendencies from one generation to the other. In this process, parents of one generation tend to repeat some of their psychological characteristics in their offsprings. The aim of the current study was to predict children’ s affective temperament indices based on parental affective temperament characteristics. A total of 207 university students (146 females, 56 males, 5 anonymous) and their parents (207 Fathers, 207 mothers) in Tehran have been collected using convenience sampling method. Participants were asked to complete Positive and Negative Emotionality Scale (PNES). Method of the present descriptive study was correlational. Analysis of the data involved both descriptive and inferential statistics including means, standard deviations, correlation, and mixed model. The results showed a significant correlation between parental and children's affective temperament indices (p<0. 001). The results of mixed model revealed that parental affective temperament characteristics had the ability to predict children's affective temperament indices implying intergenerational transmission of positive and negative emotionality from parents to children (p<0. 001). Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that affective temperament characteristics can be transmitted from one generation to the other. Recognition of the intergenerational mechanisms not only predicts affective temperament characteristics of the next generation but also can prevent damaging features to be transmitted. It can be done by improving healthy characteristics performing educational-interventional programs.

The literatures have showed, identity diffusion had relation with decreasing well-being from emotional disabilities to psychopathology. The problem of this study was to investigate the relation between identity statuses and component of emotional intelligence. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship of identity statuses, gender and age with emotional intelligence subscales. The research method is correlational research. For this purpose the number of 235 high school students was selected randomly from zone 3 and 17 of educational divisions. The instruments were Farsi translation of EOM-EIS-2 of Benion and Amads (1986) and Farsi version of emotional intelligence TMMS of Salovay and Mayer (1995). The questionnaires were carried out in the classes of selected high schools. At the first the stepwise regression analysis used for predicting subscales of emotional intelligence with predictors of ideological identity statuses, gender and age of students. Results showed: a) attention to emotion was predicted 8% by sex and 5% by ideological foreclosure; b) differentiation of emotion was predicted 6% by ideological achievement and 3% by sex. first, the interpersonal identity statuse had a stronger role in predicting emotional intelligence than ideological identity statuses. Second, the sex of students showed a considerable role in predicting emotional intelligence.

Chronic pain is a debilitating status which has undesirable impacts on life quality. Depression and pain intensity are from the important determinatives of life quality that emotion dysregulation is one of the factors which initiate these problems. Thus, the present study was carried out to examine the mediating role of depression and pain intensity on the relationship between strategies of emotion regulation and quality of life. method of present study was correlation. One hundred twenty patients with chronic pain that participated through convenience sampling completed the short form of quality of life, emotion regulation, Multidimensional pain questionnaires and Beck depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson’ s correlation coefficient and Baron and Kenny Method. Results showed that strategies of emotion regulation, depression and pain intensity had significant association with quality of life (p<0. 001). Depression and pain intensity don’ t play a mediating role on the relationship between strategies of emotion regulation and QOL in the present study. In general, our findings indicate that strategies of emotion regulation, depression and pain intensity should be the core of clinical focus in improving QOL for patients suffering from chronic pain.

Amputation is one of the serious health problems that lead to harm and severe changes in emotions, cognitions, and behaviors of individuals. Most important psychological consequences of amputation are impaired body image, low self-esteem and desire for social isolation that in the case of chronic, will lead to clinical psychological disorders, especially depression. The aim of this study was use of psychodrama therapy to help coping with amputation. The present study as an empirical case study is used the single subject design (A-B). In addition, qualitative interview and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13) were used to assessing the client’ s problems. Changes in depression scores of the client from 24 to 3 and his statements on clinical interviews before and after treatment show that psychodrama is effective in reducing the psychological problems of the client and his adapting to the lack of limb. The findings show that flexibility and activity of psychodrama that facilitates the theatrical practices of daily life activities, helps adapting to the psychological pathologic consequences of amputation.

Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is used to describe children who have problems in coordination without any neurological cause. Poor coordination, causing problems in the children's cognitive characteristics. The purpose of this research was to the effects of a regular exercise activity period on some neuropsychological characteristics of the boys between the age of 10 to 12 in shiraz city that suffer from developmental coordination disorder. The research method is semi-experimental and pre-post test with control group. For this purpose, 36 children between the age of 10 to 12 were selected in available and targeted manner by using DCD questionnaire and Raven intelligence test and were set into two test and control group randomly. Furthermore, Connors neuropsychological questionnaire was used to evaluation of Dependent variables. Examination group got the intervention motor program for eight weeks (three session a week, 60 minutes in every session). Statistical analysis was performed with the help of SPSS 22 software using multi-variable covariance analysis in significance level of 0. 05. Result showed that there are significant difference between two group in all executive functions variable (F=492. 238, P≤ 0. 001). and sensorimotor (F= 282. 482, P≤ 0. 001). It can be conducted that selected training plan can be effective on improvement of neuropsychological characteristics in Developmental Coordination Disorder children.

Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorder. Dysfunction in executive functions is core symptom of ADHD. The aim of this study is to compare the sustained attention in children with ADHD and typical children. The research design of this study was ex post facto. The participants were 71 children with ADHD and 78 normal children selected by convenience sampling method. The sustained attention performance were assessed by attention registration. Data in this study were analyzed by independent t-test and factorial analysis of variance. Findings indicate that significant differences between the ADHD group and normal group in sustained attention (p>0/0001). According to study results children with ADHD in sustained attention had weaker performance than normal.