A REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE ENTITLED “IMMUNITY” IN LEIDEN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE QURAN BASED ON SHIITE VIEWS AND SOURCES

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RAZI BAHABADI BIBI SADAT; JAWANDEL NARJES

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Journal: SHIITE STUDIES Year:2015 | Volume:12 | Issue:4 (48) Page(s): 149-180

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Title

A REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE ENTITLED “IMMUNITY” IN LEIDEN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE QURAN BASED ON SHIITE VIEWS AND SOURCES

Author(s)

RAZI BAHABADI BIBI SADAT | JAWANDEL NARJES | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

LEIDEN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE QURANQ3

THE PROPHETS' IMPECCABILITYQ3

SHIISMQ3

ORIGIN OF IMPECCABILITYQ3

NATURE OF IMPECCABILITYQ3

Abstract

The present article aims at a critical investigation of the article entitled Impeccability written by Paul E. Walker published in the LEIDEN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE QURAN. The article defines 'impeccability' as immunity from sins and faults. For Shiites, 'impeccability' is a definite idea. Claiming the absolute power of their imams, the Shiites have created the idea of impeccability, and have gradually extended it to the prophets. Even Hesham bin Hakam claimed that imams' impeccability is more necessary than that of the prophets. Sin means disobeying God intending to oppose God's rules. However, an opposition out of negligence and fault is not a sin, and this is the best interpretation of the Quranic verses referring to the prophets' sins. Impeccability, however, does not mean inability to commit sins; rather, it is God's grace to the prophets before or even after the sin. The findings of the study show that although the word 'impeccability' has not been used in its theological meaning in the Quran, it affirms THE PROPHETS' IMPECCABILITY using other words. Neither has the Shiites created the idea of impeccability nor is it right to attribute it to Hesham bin Hakam. There is no element of intention and willfulness in the conception of sin. Thus, the best way to interpret the verses apparently denoting lack of impeccability in the prophets is considering the levels of sins rather than the prophet's inadvertence. Although impeccability is volitional and a grace from God, other factors such as knowing the harmful consequences of sins and the prophets' resolution play role in it.

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A CRITIQUE OF THE LEIDEN'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF THE QUR'AN, ON THE BASIS OF SHI'ITE VIEWS

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APA: Copy

RAZI BAHABADI, BIBI SADAT, & JAWANDEL, NARJES. (2015). A REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE ENTITLED “IMMUNITY” IN LEIDEN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE QURAN BASED ON SHIITE VIEWS AND SOURCES. SHIITE STUDIES, 12(4 (48)), 149-180. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/119424/en

Vancouver: Copy

RAZI BAHABADI BIBI SADAT, JAWANDEL NARJES. A REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE ENTITLED “IMMUNITY” IN LEIDEN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE QURAN BASED ON SHIITE VIEWS AND SOURCES. SHIITE STUDIES[Internet]. 2015;12(4 (48)):149-180. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/119424/en

IEEE: Copy

BIBI SADAT RAZI BAHABADI, and NARJES JAWANDEL, “A REVIEW OF THE ARTICLE ENTITLED “IMMUNITY” IN LEIDEN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE QURAN BASED ON SHIITE VIEWS AND SOURCES,” SHIITE STUDIES, vol. 12, no. 4 (48), pp. 149–180, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/119424/en

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