An essay about the coincidence of Tir (July) with autumn in some Persian literary texts

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Abdollahi Manizheh

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Journal: Journal of Ancient Culture and Languages Year:2023 | Volume: | Issue: Page(s): 113-131

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Title

An essay about the coincidence of Tir (July) with autumn in some Persian literary texts

Author(s)

Abdollahi Manizheh | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

TishtarQ4

TirganQ4

ArashQ4

Tishtar YashtQ4

AvestaQ4

Persian mythologyQ4

Abstract

An essay about the coincidence of Tir (July) with autumn in some Persian literary textsIn some Persian texts until the 7th century, Tirmah (July), the fourth solar month is used as Autumn. The most common theory to explain this meaning changing is based on the rotation of the Iranian year, which means that sometimes the beginning of the new year has been moved to the beginning of summer, and in the same way, the fourth month of the year has been moved to the beginning of autumn. In this article, while examining this theory, the intermingling of Tishtar's function with Tirgan's rituals is proposed as another cause of this transfer of meaning.As an explanation it can be said that according to Tishtar Yasht, (The eighth Yasht) the main function of Tishtar (One of the Gods according to Zoroastrians' believes) is rainmaking, which is achieved after defeating the demon of drought or Apushdev. In this Yasht, also the story of Arash, the legendary hero who determined the border of Iran by releasing a heavenly arrow, has narrated. According to Iranian mythology, the 13th day of Tir known as Tirgan used to be celebrated by Iranian each year to commemorate Arash's victory. The juxtaposition of these two myths in the same Yasht and their mutual cooperation, which involves overcoming the enemy and freeing the people from evil forces, as well as the verbal similarity between Tishtar and Tir, has caused the rain-making function of Tishtar, whose peak is the beginning of the rainy season or the winter solstice, to be attributed to Tir (the fourth month of the year and the first month of the summer). So, the Tishtar's function season, i.e. autumn, is also attributed to Tir.Key Words: Tishtar, Tirgan, Arash, Tishtar Yasht, Avesta, Persian mythology

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