Atheism in Sankeh's philosophical school

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Journal Paper

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Journal: Ma`rifat-e Adyan Year:2024 | Volume: | Issue: Page(s): 115-128

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Information Journal Paper

Title

Atheism in Sankeh's philosophical school

Author(s)

, , | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

SankhyaQ4

PurushaQ4

PrakritiQ4

the existence of one GodQ4

the law of causalityQ4

multiplicity of soulsQ4

the category of énaniatQ4

Abstract

Among the religions and philosophical schools of India - most of which are pragmatists - the Sankhya school has a special philosophical position in terms of its theoretical discussions and complex system of categories. The two categories of "Purusha" (soul) and "Prakriti" (matter), the basic principles of metaphysics, seem to be Sankhya's duality. For this reason, some sages and commentators of this system of thought have discussed the issue of God's existence. Most of the advanced commentators, based on the belief in multiple eternal souls and also the special concept of causality among the Sankhya philosophers, are of the opinion that God has no place in the Sankhya school, as it is proposed in monotheistic religions; But the later commentators of this system of thought, who have more followers, believe that the existence of God as a perfect spirit overseeing the creative function of Prakriti is necessary; But they have not always explained their idea correctly according to the metaphysics of the Sankhya school. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this study investigates the "problem of belief in God" in this intellectual system; To what extent is the belief in the existence of a single God compatible with other main structures of Sankhya's metaphysics? Examining the presuppositions and reasons of the parties to the conflict, it seems that Purusha in Sankhya's intellectual system is the same as God; But the incredulous commentators have confused Purusha with the term "énaniat" (the second imperfection of Prakrit).

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