The Role of Political Parties and Elites in the Planning and Orientations of the Reformist and Conservative Factions in the Country's Development Path (A Case Study: The Presidencies of Khatami and Ahmadinejad)

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Darabi Mohammad Karim; Rasekh Keramatollah; Biabannavard Sarvestani Alireza

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Journal Paper

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Journal: Geography (Regional Planning) Year:2025 | Volume:15 | Issue:58 Page(s): 279-300

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Title

The Role of Political Parties and Elites in the Planning and Orientations of the Reformist and Conservative Factions in the Country's Development Path (A Case Study: The Presidencies of Khatami and Ahmadinejad)

Author(s)

Darabi Mohammad Karim | Rasekh Keramatollah | Biabannavard Sarvestani Alireza | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Political Parties

Political elites

reformist faction

conservative faction

National Development

Abstract

The aim of this article is to examine the role of Political Parties and elites in the planning and orientations of the reformist and conservative factions in the country's development path, with a focus on the presidencies of Mohammad Khatami and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The research is descriptive-analytical and based on note-taking from library resources, documents, and available records. The main research question is: How did Political Parties and elites influence the development policies and directions during the presidencies of Khatami and Ahmadinejad, and what were the differences in the reformists' and conservatives' approaches to development? The findings indicate that during Mohammad Khatami's presidency, the reformist faction emphasized democracy, human rights, and strengthening civil institutions, aiming to place the country on the path of sustainable and political development. While reformist parties and elites prioritized enhancing international relations and creating a politically open space, during Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's presidency, the conservative faction, focusing on the ideals of the Islamic Revolution and opposing Western policies, adopted a different approach. This approach was more focused on strengthening the country’s independence and reducing reliance on the West. Additionally, conservatives paid more attention to domestic economic development, reducing imports, and strengthening national industry. In conclusion, the impact of Political Parties and elites in each period was different, and these differences led to significant changes in the country’s development policies. Therefore, a thorough examination of these influences can contribute to a better understanding of the social, political, and economic transformations in these two periods.

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