Xanthine oxidase inhibitor activity of apigenin from Terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) leaves in vitro and in silico

Q: How can I download an article?

To download an article from SID, first log in to the site, search for the article title, and click on the 'Download Article' option.

Q: How can I download an ISI article?

To download an ISI article on SID, enter the keyword or article title in the search bar, view the relevant results, click on the desired article, and select the 'Download Article' option.

Q: How can I access the SID database?

To access the SID database, visit SID.ir, create an account, and log in to access scientific resources.

Q: Is downloading articles from SID free?

Some articles on SID are available for free, while others require payment. Details are specified on the article's page.

Naspiah Nisa; Widyowati Retno; Sukardiman Sukardiman

مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Year:2026 | Volume:8 | Issue:3 Page(s): 607-625

Download Full-Text

View:

Download:

Cites:

Information Journal Paper

Title

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor activity of apigenin from Terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco) leaves in vitro and in silico

Author(s)

Naspiah Nisa | Widyowati Retno | Sukardiman Sukardiman | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Artocarpus odoratissimus

Terap leaves

xanthine oxidase

in vitro

in silico

apigenin

pharmacokinetic profile

Abstract

Indonesia is home to a wide variety of plants with medicinal potential, including Terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco), which shows promise as a treatment for gout. This potential is suggested by the chemical constituents found in other parts of the plant and chemotaxonomic observations indicating that other species within the Artocarpus genus possess compounds capable of inhibiting the xanthine oxidase enzyme. However, the therapeutic potential of Terap remains insufficiently supported by scientific data. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the active compounds in the leaves of A. odoratissimus as inhibitors of the xanthine oxidase enzyme. The research involved extraction and isolation of active compounds, followed by characterization and structure elucidation using spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, and MS). Further testing included in vitro and in silico evaluations for xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibition. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, leading to the isolation of apigenin (IC50 = 13. 45 μM), which demonstrated strong and stable interactions with the enzyme, with a binding free energy of-7. 4 kcal/mol. Pharmacokinetic profiling in silico revealed that apigenin is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, is moderately distributed (VDss = 0. 37), and inhibits several cytochrome enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6) involved in metabolism. It also has a short half-life (0. 86 hours) and a clearance rate smaller than allopurinol (7. 02 mL/min/kg). Toxicity predictions indicated that apigenin is relatively safe, exhibiting no mutagenic or carcinogenic effects and being classified as non-toxic.

Multimedia

No record.

Cites

No record.

References

No record.

Cite

Related Journal Papers

No record.

Related Seminar Papers

No record.

Related Plans