Journal of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research
Year:2026 | Volume:8 | Issue:3|Papers Count:22

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) poses a uniquely elevated cardiovascular risk when combined with smoking due to synergistic effects of chronic hyperglycemia and endothelial dysfunction. With a global T2DM prevalence of 589 million (projected to reach 853 million by 2050) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 32. 2% of comorbidities, identifying reliable biomarkers for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is crucial. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of D-dimer for MACE in smokers with T2DM, examine its association with glycemic control, and evaluate its potential role in early cardiovascular risk assessment. A retrospective study analyzed medical records of 40 smokers and 40 non-smokers with T2DM using SPSS. Non-parametric tests were applied due to non-normal distributions (Shapiro-Wilk test: D-dimer, p < 0. 001, HbA1c, p < 0. 001). A significant negative Spearman correlation was found between age and stroke in smokers (r =-0. 429, p = 0. 006). However, logistic regression revealed no statistically significant association between D-dimer, cholesterol, HbA1c, and MACE (χ² = 7. 752, p = 0. 170). The Hosmer-Lemeshow test indicated acceptable model fit (χ² = 13. 821, p = 0. 087), but elevated D-dimer did not reliably predict MACE in this cohort. While D-dimer remains a biomarker of interest, this study did not establish its independent predictive value for MACE in smokers with T2DM. Further large-scale, prospective studies are needed to clarify its clinical utility in this high-risk population.

We conducted a comprehensive study of the impact of industrial pollutants on the reproductive health of 520 women. The study included an assessment of clinical and demographic characteristics, hormonal status, ultrasound parameters, biochemical markers of toxic effects, and perinatal outcomes. We found that women working in conditions of increased chemical pollution have a frequency of menstrual irregularities of 45.9%, which is 3.1 times higher than in the control group. We observed a significant increase in the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (by 32%) and prolactin (by 21%), as well as a decrease in estradiol levels (by 18%). The ovaries volume in the main group was 28% less than the control values, and the number of antral follicles decreased by 35%. Concentrations of heavy metals in the blood of women in the main group significantly exceed safe levels: lead - 0.09±0.02 mg/l, cadmium - 0.06±0.01 mg/l, and mercury - 0.005±0.001 mg/l. In the main group, the time to conception was longer, and the infertility rate reached 23.5%. We have identified increased risks of obstetric complications: gestosis develops 2.1 times more often, and the threat of pregnancy termination is 1.8 times more common. The average weight of newborns decreases by 200 g. We have established a direct correlation between the level of environmental pollution and the frequency of reproductive health disorders (r = 0.74, p < 0.001). The data indicate the need for developing and implementing pre-conceptive training programs for women working in conditions of chemical pollution.

This qualitative study explored how healthcare professionals in Indonesia perceive their role in educating patients about the use of antiemetic medications following chemotherapy. Effective patient education is essential for minimizing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), a common and distressing side effect that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. Although this need is widely acknowledged globally, there is limited research focusing on the role of healthcare providers in delivering such education within the Indonesian context. The study aimed to identify key elements of effective patient education from the perspectives of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists working in chemotherapy services at Hospital X in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 participants—including 7 physicians, 14 nurses, and 6 pharmacists—between March and August 2024. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed five core themes: (1) comprehensive education on chemotherapy and its side effects, (2) proper use and administration of post-chemotherapy anti-emetics, (3) systematic monitoring and management of CINV (4) the value of a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach to patient education, and (5) barriers that limit healthcare professionals’ ability to provide adequate instruction. These results highlight several opportunities to improve both the delivery and effectiveness of patient education around antiemetic use. Addressing these areas could enhance patient adherence to prescribed regimens, improve symptom control, and ultimately lead to a better overall chemotherapy experience. Further research is needed to develop and test targeted educational interventions based on these insights.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium known for causing severe infections in hospitalized patients, particularly those in intensive care units (ICUs). Its resistance to multiple antibiotics contributes to the prevalence of bloodstream infections (BSIs), increasing patient mortality and imposing a significant burden on healthcare systems. This study aims to determine the incidence of A. baumannii-associated BSIs in adult ICU patients, identify associated risk factors, evaluate antimicrobial resistance patterns, and assess patient outcomes. A retrospective observational study was conducted by reviewing the medical records of ICU patients admitted to Al-Azhar University Hospitals (Egypt), Hassan Ghazzawi Hospital – Abeer Medical Group, and King Abdulaziz Hospital and Oncology Centre – Jeddah (Saudi Arabia) between October 1, 2024, and March 31, 2025. Fifty-four adult patients with laboratory-confirmed A. baumannii BSIs were included. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, incorporating descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and t-tests to explore associations between clinical variables and outcomes. The study analyzed 54 ICU patients with A. baumannii BSIs. Females represented a slight majority (51.9%), and 96.3% of cases were healthcare-associated infections. Common comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Over half of the patients (55.6%) required mechanical ventilation. Notably, 74% of the isolates were classified as extensively drug-resistant (XDR). The findings indicate that most A. baumannii BSIs in ICU patients are healthcare-associated and predominantly caused by XDR strains. Risk factors include mechanical ventilation, underlying comorbidities, and inconsistent clinical data documentation. These results underscore the urgent need for improved infection control measures, robust antimicrobial stewardship programs, and enhanced medical record-keeping to reduce the burden of A. baumannii infections in critical care settings.

Green tea kombucha (GTK), a type of fermented drink that is packed with organic acids and polyphenols, has demonstrated potent anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. While GTK has exhibited potential in the management of diabetes, investigations into its optimal doses remain scarce, particularly in basic research utilizing animal models of diabetes. This study aims to assess the impact of various doses of GTK on biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and diabetes in rats that have been made diabetic through Streptozotocin (STZ) induction. Three doses of GTK (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mL/kg BW) were administered for 14 consecutive days. The results revealed that GTK substantially reduced insulin and fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentrations, with the 2.5 mL/kg BW dose showing the most pronounced effect compared to the diabetic control rats (p-value less than 0.05). In addition, administering GTK improved oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers. The 5 mL/kg BW dose demonstrated the most substantial effect in reducing MDA, 4-HNE, and IL-1β in comparison to the diabetic control group, while the 2.5 mL/kg BW dose had the greatest effect in reducing IL-6. These findings indicate that GTK, particularly at 2.5 mL/kg BW, exhibits substantial anti-diabetic properties, while the 5 mL/kg BW dose demonstrates notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This positions GTK as a promising candidate for complementary treatment in diabetes management. Further research is necessary to better understand the underlying mechanisms of GTK's effects and to determine the optimal dosage for potential clinical application.

Acrometastasis, described as metastasis of cancer to bones distal to elbow or knee, is a rare clinical diagnosis. It represents around 0.1% of all bone metastases, making it a unusual clinical manifestation, especially as initial findings. Acrometastasis is a sign of very advanced malignancy process. This case report present a 57-year-old Javanese man sought treatment for a progressively enlarging mass in his left third finger, alongside intermittent shortness of breath. Initial imaging suggested a primary malignant bone tumor. Initial workup diagnosis were primary bone tumor of third proximal phalanx of the left hand. Biopsy of the finger mass then confirmed it was metastatic adenocarcinoma, with immunohistochemistry indicating a lung primary origin. The final diagnosis was acrometastasis of the left third finger from a primary lung adenocarcinoma. Bone metastases are generally prevalent especially from lung origin, acrometastases—those affecting the extremities—are exceedingly rare, accounting for only 0.1% of all bony metastases. It is even more unusual for acrometastasis to be the initial presenting symptom of lung cancer, often mimicking more benign conditions and delaying diagnosis. Lung carcinoma, particularly adenocarcinoma, is the most common primary source of acral metastases due to its direct arterial access. Treatment for acral metastasis ranges from amputation to palliative measures such as radiotherapy, bisphosphonates, and chemotherapy, depending on the tumor's stage and extent. Acrometastasis is usually found as a late-stage diagnosis after other common metastases sites were diagnosed, but its earlier diagnosis may help determine the progression of the disease earlier and treat it accordingly.   

Femoral neck fractures are a significant cause of morbidity, particularly in the elderly population. Treatment options include hemiarthroplasty (HA) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with fibular strut graft (FSG) and screws. This study aimed to assess and contrast the clinical outcomes of these two surgical methods in patients.This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of patients who underwent either HA or ORIF with FSG and screws using the Surabaya Technique for femoral neck fractures between 2017 and 2021. Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on postoperative complications and functional recovery measured by the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Short Form 36 (SF-36). All the patients were followed up at least 1 year post-operatively.The study comprised 87 patients, 50 in the HA and 37 in the FSG groups. The mean VAS reduction in the HA group was 1.06 ± 0.84, compared to 1.16 ± 0.80 in the FSG and screw group. Although the latter showed slightly greater pain score reduction, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.498). HHS scores for HA were 78.56 ± 11.84, lower than those for FSG and screw at 85.16 ± 12.01, with 80.4% in the good-to-very good category. SF-36 scores were 76.06 ± 5.79 for HA and 82.91 ± 5.96 for FSG and screw, with 93.1% overall good results. HA, FSG, and screws reduced pain significantly without notable differences. Functionally, FSG and Screw showed better outcomes (HHS, p=0.011; SF36, p=0.00). For femoral neck fractures, FSG and screws are viable alternatives. Further research with larger samples and RCTs is recommended.

Background and Objective: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in behavior, attention, and social functioning.children with these conditions frequently experience disturbances in eating habits, sleep patterns, and screen use, which may exacerbate clinical outcomes and affect physical health. The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare eating behaviors, sleep disturbances, and screen exposure in children with ASD and ADHD against neurotypical controls, and to identify predictive factors associated with behavioral and physical health risks. Methods: This case- control cross-sectional study included 200 children in the age range of 2- 12 years: 50 with ASD, 50 with ADHD, and 100 neurotypical controls. Participants were recruited through consecutive sampling from specialized pediatric and neurodevelopmental outpatient clinics at Helwan University Hospital, Ain Shams University Hospital, and Al-Azhar University Hospital in Cairo, Egypt, between January and May 2025. Eligible children met diagnostic criteria for ASD or ADHD,Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ)—and screen time habits. Results: Children with ASD showed significantly higher pro-intake eating behaviors while children with ADHD showed increased emotional under-eating.Sleep disturbances were highest in ASD. Screen exposure was highest among ASD children, with 84.6% using screens during meals. Regression analysis identified high BMI, greater CEBQ/CSHQ scores, and screen time as significant predictors of behavioral risk.Conclusion: Children with ASD and ADHD exhibit distinct yet overlapping patterns of disordered eating, poor sleep hygiene, and excessive screen use, which are closely linked to behavioral and physical health outcomes.

Osteosarcoma, a highly malignant primary bone tumor characterized by mesenchymal cells producing bone or osteoid, remains a significant oncological burden in Indonesia. Accurate assessment of survival and clinical outcomes is essential to inform treatment strategies and optimize patient care. This retrospective study analyzed long-term clinical outcomes of osteosarcoma patients treated at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital between January 2018 and December 2023. Inclusion criteria comprised histopathologically confirmed osteosarcoma and a minimum of one year of postoperative follow-up. Functional status was evaluated using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system and Karnofsky Performance Status. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves, and subgroup comparisons were made based on surgical intervention (limb salvage, amputation, or no surgery), chemotherapy use (neoadjuvant/adjuvant), and metastasis presence. A total of 175 patients were included. The median overall survival (OS) was 4 months (95% CI: 2.89–5.11), while event-free survival (EFS) varied: limb salvage surgery (7 months, 95% CI: 3.14–10.86), amputation (4 months, 95% CI: 2.98–5.02), and no surgery (6 months, 95% CI: 0.16–11.84). Although limb salvage surgery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy were associated with slightly improved outcomes, the differences were not statistically significant. Overall, OS and EFS remain considerably lower than global averages. These findings highlight critical gaps in early diagnosis, standardized multimodal treatment availability, and long-term patient monitoring. Enhancing access to comprehensive oncologic care tailored to the Indonesian healthcare system is essential to improve survival and functional outcomes for osteosarcoma patients.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by insulin deficiency and is associated with multiple complications, particularly in cases of poor glycemic control. This study evaluated different inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, and Leukocyte counts) and their correlation with glycemic control and complications in Libyan T1DM patients. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 T1DM patients in the age rage of 12-75 years in March to August 2024. All patients underwent laboratory assessments included Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Elevated HbA1c significantly correlated with ESR (p=0.003), CRP (p=0.001), and monocyte count (p=0.012). Out of the study cohort, 37 patients (44.0%) experienced several diabetes-related complications, with retinopathy and nephropathy being the most frequently reported (10.7% each). Persistent hyperglycemia exacerbates immune dysregulation and increased risk of complication, underscoring the need for integrated monitoring of glycemic and inflammatory indices in T1DM management to prevent long-term adverse outcomes.

Indonesia is home to a wide variety of plants with medicinal potential, including Terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus Blanco), which shows promise as a treatment for gout. This potential is suggested by the chemical constituents found in other parts of the plant and chemotaxonomic observations indicating that other species within the Artocarpus genus possess compounds capable of inhibiting the xanthine oxidase enzyme. However, the therapeutic potential of Terap remains insufficiently supported by scientific data. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the active compounds in the leaves of A. odoratissimus as inhibitors of the xanthine oxidase enzyme. The research involved extraction and isolation of active compounds, followed by characterization and structure elucidation using spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, and MS). Further testing included in vitro and in silico evaluations for xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibition. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, leading to the isolation of apigenin (IC50 = 13. 45 μM), which demonstrated strong and stable interactions with the enzyme, with a binding free energy of-7. 4 kcal/mol. Pharmacokinetic profiling in silico revealed that apigenin is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, is moderately distributed (VDss = 0. 37), and inhibits several cytochrome enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6) involved in metabolism. It also has a short half-life (0. 86 hours) and a clearance rate smaller than allopurinol (7. 02 mL/min/kg). Toxicity predictions indicated that apigenin is relatively safe, exhibiting no mutagenic or carcinogenic effects and being classified as non-toxic.

In forensic DNA analysis of living individuals, blood and buccal swabs are commonly used as sources of genetic material. While blood collection requires an invasive procedure that may cause discomfort, buccal swabs provide a non-invasive and painless alternative for obtaining DNA samples. However, due to Indonesia’s geographical landscape, the samples delivery to genetic laboratories often involves extended transit times. This study aims to evaluate the quality of DNA obtained from buccal swabs by comparing results immediately after extraction with those obtained after storage. The average DNA purity (A260/A280) remained relatively stable from day 0 to day 14, ranging from 1.75 to 1.96. DNA concentration showed slight fluctuations, with the highest value recorded on day 14 (597.70 micrograms per milliliter) and the lowest on day 7 (516.90 micrograms per milliliter). No significant variations were observed in either DNA purity or concentration over time. The findings of this study demonstrate that DNA extracted from buccal swabs maintains optimal quality for up to 14 days of storage, provided optimal storage conditions are followed. This suggests that buccal swab DNA exhibits stable characteristics over a defined period, supporting its use in different genetic analyses without significant degradation.

Breast cancer is a prevalent disease, which is a significant health issue that is attributed to non-communicable diseases, in particular global. However, cancer treatment medications have limitations, such as poor selectivity, which lowers their effectiveness. Alkaloid group chemicals found in kratom have cytotoxic properties. The purpose of this study was to isolate the alkaloid compound from kratom leaf and investigate possible apoptosis and caspase-3 mechanisms in breast cancer cells. Mitragynine is an alkaloid chemical obtained using radial chromatography isolation and structural elucidation using NMR, FTIR, and UPLC-MS. The IC50 value for mitragynine's cytotoxic action on T47D cells is 63. 80 μg/mL. The double staining tests for AO and EB showed that cells had entered apoptosis. Flow cytometry demonstrated 90. 7% caspase-3 activation, which led to early and late apoptosis induction of 13. 33% and 62. 60%, respectively. Molecular docking outcomes with binding energies of-8. 24 kcal/mol for ER-α and-7. 50 kcal/mol for caspase-3, Mitragynine's interaction with these two proteins demonstrated significant promise as an anti-breast cancer medication.

This review explores the key role of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD), with a particular focus on the regulatory mechanisms enabling its survival and persistence within the inflamed gut. This study highlights bacterial small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) in modulating AIEC’s stress responses, metabolic processes, and virulence factors. The research highlights key sRNAs such as OxyS, MicF, RyhB, and GcvB, which essential for AIEC’s survival in the inflamed gut. These sRNAs regulate different biological processes, including iron homeostasis, oxidative stress responses, and metabolic adaptation to the host environment. The review also discusses how AIEC evades host defenses and contributes to chronic inflammation. Furthermore, the study explores therapeutic strategies to combat AIEC colonization, including antibiotics, phage therapy, and anti-adhesion molecules. Particular attention is given to innovative approaches based on targeting bacterial regulatory RNAs, which show promise for disrupting AIEC persistence in CD patients. The potential of sRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics is also discussed, highlighting the significance of understanding the complex regulatory networks of AIEC sRNAs for developing effective treatments. This review provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying AIEC pathogenesis and identifies potential targets for future therapeutic interventions in Crohn’s disease management.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a significant global health challenge. It is one of the leading causes of disability among young adults and a primary contributor to death worldwide. A total of ninety-nine TBI patients were selected for blood sampling, which was examined using the ELISA method to determine the serum levels of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNFH). Three months after the TBI, the patients' recovery was measured using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Data were analyzed by performing diagnostic tests and conducting bivariate analysis to examine the relationship between biomarkers and TBI outcomes. Eighty-nine (89) patients had good outcomes, while only 10 patients had poor outcomes. The results of the serum examinations were grouped based on the cut-off point values associated with the TBI outcomes. After analysis, it was found that the serum levels of GFAP, NSE, and pNFH in the blood of the TBI patients did not show a significant relationship with the patients' outcomes (p = 0. 311, 0. 747, and 1. 000). According to the results, the biomarkers GFAP, NSE, and pNFH did not demonstrate a significant relationship with TBI outcomes.

Rhynchotechum ellipticum, locally known as Cheodhima, Paicha, or Sattari, is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat various diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the neuropharmacological effects of R. ellipticum leaf and stem extracts in Swiss albino mice. In the thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test, mice received different doses of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight, while 50 and 125 mg/kg body weight were used in other examinations. In trials examining the effects of thiopental sodium on sleep, administration of the extracts caused a marked reduction in the amount of time spent sleeping and the time needed to fall asleep (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001). Additionally, at doses of 50 and 125 mg/kg, a significant decrease in unrestricted movement and exploratory behavior was observed in both the hole-crossing and open-field tests (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001). The hole-board test also decreased the frequency of head dips at doses of 50 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001). Both extracts demonstrated superior neuropharmacological properties at a dose of 125 mL/kg. The leaf and stem extracts of R. ellipticum have potent anti-depressant and hypnotic effects on the central nervous system, and could be utilized in neuropharmacology as an additional therapy.

This study presents the development of "Quatersan", a novel disinfectant based on quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) with enhanced antimicrobial properties. Through systematic screening of 270 synthesized compounds, we identified 53 exhibiting antimicrobial activity, with 7 showing particularly high efficacy against clinically relevant pathogens. The lead compound demonstrated superior performance with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.05 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, 0.07 mg/mL against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and 0.10 mg/mL against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 - representing a 2-4 fold improvement over standard chlorhexidine. Structure-activity analysis revealed that antimicrobial potency strongly correlates with halogen radical presence in 2-halopyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives. Comprehensive evaluation including serial passage experiments confirmed no resistance development in test strains after 30 generations. Industrial trials demonstrated 98.5% disinfection efficacy across different surfaces (metal, plastic, and wood), with complete material compatibility and competitive cost-efficiency at $0.20/m². Toxicological assessment classified "Quatersan" as category III (moderately hazardous) per WHO guidelines, with no observed skin irritation or tissue damage. These findings position "Quatersan" as a promising next-generation disinfectant combining: broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, resistance prevention, and practical advantages for clinical and veterinary applications.

Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) is an abnormal condition characterized by the placenta penetrating the myometrial wall and uterine serosa, accompanied by hyper-vascularization. Major risk factors for PAS include a history of cesarean sections, curettage, and in vitro fertilization. These procedures can lead to endometrial abnormalities that contribute to excessive trophoblast invasion, marking the early stages of PAS. Trophoblast invasion plays a crucial role in initiating growth, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis. Disruptions in placentation during early pregnancy can arise from imbalanced angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), highly reactive molecules produced through the reduction of oxygen, are involved in cellular signaling pathways. During early pregnancy, low oxygen concentrations, influenced by ROS, and angiogenic factors such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) are essential for trophoblast invasion. Furthermore, ROS can affect bleeding due to their role in hemostasis; excess ROS may disrupt normal hemostatic function and contribute to abnormal bleeding.

The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition and develop efficient methods for alkaloids isolation from local plant resources, in particular, Anabasis salsa, with subsequent development of a technology for producing the substance for pharmaceutical purposes. A phytochemical screening analysis was carried out, including a qualitative estimate of the total phenols, flavonoids, flavonols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, saponins, and condensed tannins. As a result of phytochemical research, sesquiterpene lactones were not detected in the studied plant. Therefore, through chemical composition Anabasis salsa of the studies, 12 compounds (flavonoids and their glucosides and phenolic acids as well as alkaloids) were identified. All identified compounds were previously found in other species of the genus Anabasis. However, most of the presented components were described for the first time for the extract of Anabasis salsa. A scheme was developed for the substance isolation of the alkaloid lupinine from the extract of the aerial part of the raw material of Anabasis salsa. The alkaloid lupinine was isolated from this raw material for the first time. It was experimentally established that the water-ethanol extract of the aerial part of Anabasis salsa has pronounced antimicrobial activity against gram-negative test strains of Escherichia coli, and weak antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke is a plant with the potential to act as an antifungal agent against various diseases, including vaginitis. This is primarily due to quinones, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, tannins, alkaloids, polyphenols, and steroids in the bark. Vaginitis is a condition caused by Candida albicans fungal through biofilm formation. The attachment of the fungal to epithelial cells and subsequent invasion of host cells often require the presence of Als3p, which can also serve as a receptor in silico. Therefore, this study aims to determine compounds of P. laevigata that are associated with Als3p and possess anti-biofilm properties in silico. The ultrasound-assisted Extraction (UAE) method was used for extraction, while the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS instrument was used to determine the metabolite profile. MOE software determined molecular docking between Als3p (PDB id: 4LEE) and metabolite profiling. MassLynx software was used for the data interpretation, and confirmation was performed on various websites, including MassBank, NIST, PUB-CHEM, HMDB, MoNA, and DrugBank. The results showed that P. laevigata stem bark ethanol extract contained 19 known compounds. In addition, 3 compounds were found to possess antimicrobial activity, including myristicin, valyl phenylalanine, and oleanane. In silico investigation revealed that myristicin, valyl phenylalanine, and oleanane could inhibitAls3p receptor. Based on the results, P. laevigata stem bark ethanol extract contained valyl phenylalanine, myristicin, and oleanane, indicating anti-biofilm activity. Myristicin, valyl phenylalanine, and oleanane were also shown to have the ability to inhibit the Als3p receptor.

An uncommon and aggressive kind of uterine cancer, uterine sarcomas represent approximately 3-7% of all uterine cancers and about 1% of malignancies in the female reproductive tract. These tumors frequently have a bad prognosis and develop quickly. The prognosis of uterine sarcomas is mostly determined by histological grading. Mixed Müllerian Sarcoma (MMS), Carcinosarcomas (CS), Leiomyosarcoma (LMS), Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (ESS), and uncommon forms such as undifferentiated sarcoma are the five primary subtypes of uterine sarcoma according to the Gynecologic Oncology Group. The standard treatment for uterine sarcoma is surgical resection, typically involving bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy. Nevertheless, the function of adjuvant treatments like radiotherapy is still unknown, as no appreciable advantage has been seen following surgery. Because uterine sarcoma typically has a poor prognosis with high rates of metastasis and recurrence, early diagnosis and knowledge of the clinicopathological features are crucial for the best possible patient care. Further study is required to enhance survival outcomes and modify treatment procedures due to the variety of these malignancies.

This study investigates the effect of a methanol extract derived from Sida cordifolia rhizomes on reproductive function and gestation processes in laboratory animal models. Key parameters evaluated included the acute toxicity of the extract, its postcoital antifertility effects, and its estrogenic/antiestrogenic properties. Particular emphasis was placed on assessing the effect of the extract on offspring in pregnant rats exposed to Sida cordifolia root methanol extract. Analysis of litter weight revealed significant dose-dependent reductions: at 200 mg/kg, mean litter weight was 42.13 ± 0.77 g, while at 400 mg/kg, it decreased to 18.53 ± 0.94 g, both markedly lower than the control group (61.5 ± 0.29 g). In immature ovariectomized rats, oral administration of Sida cordifolia extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg induced a statistically significant increase in uterine weight (p < 0.01). Although the uterotrophic effect of the extract was less pronounced than that of ethinyl estradiol, its contraceptive dosage elicited a stronger uterotrophic response compared to untreated controls.