Optimizing Low-Impact Development Placement for Urban Stormwater Management Using GIS-Based BMPs and AHP Modeling

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Hamaamin Fazila Abdulqadir; Hamaamin Yassen; Othman Ahmed Kaywan; Bahrami Jamil

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: ADVANCES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Year:2025 | Volume:2 | Issue:2 Page(s): 107-120

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Title

Optimizing Low-Impact Development Placement for Urban Stormwater Management Using GIS-Based BMPs and AHP Modeling

Author(s)

Hamaamin Fazila Abdulqadir | Hamaamin Yassen | Othman Ahmed Kaywan | Bahrami Jamil | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Stormwater management

ArcMap GIS

Urban Runoff

Groundwater potential

Abstract

Freshwater scarcity in Halabja, Iraqi Kurdistan, is exacerbated by climate change, urbanization, and population growth, leading to increased stormwater runoff and groundwater contamination. This study aims to identify optimal locations for low-impact development (LID) systems, specifically bioswales and bioretention areas, as sustainable solutions for managing urban stormwater and improving water quality. The Best Management Practices (BMPs) siting tool, developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), was utilized in this study within ArcMap GIS software to conduct a comprehensive analysis. Several environmental and infrastructural layers were extracted, including roads, slope, soil type, hydrologic soil group, groundwater depth, and land use. Additionally, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was used to map groundwater potential, utilizing six weighted factors. The BMPs tool identified 599 LID-suitable sites across the 22 km² area, with overlap between bioswale and bioretention due to similar design criteria. Results indicate that only 20% of the area has excellent groundwater potential, 4.67% has good potential, 33.84% shows moderate potential, while 58.44% exhibits poor potential. These findings underscore the crucial need for stormwater harvesting strategies to offset inadequate groundwater reserves, thereby supporting resilient urban water management through eco-friendly infrastructure

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