An Examination of the Ethical Themes in Nafthat al-Masdur by Zaydari Nasawi

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Safdari Masomeh; Azar Amir Esmaeil; Zirak Sareh

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Journal of Historical Perspective & Historiography Year:2024 | Volume:34 | Issue:33 Page(s): 143-176

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Title

An Examination of the Ethical Themes in Nafthat al-Masdur by Zaydari Nasawi

Author(s)

Safdari Masomeh | Azar Amir Esmaeil | Zirak Sareh | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Nafthat al-Masdur

theme

Khwarazmian dynasty

Mongols

ethics

Abstract

Historians, narrators, and writers - who attached great importance to didactic literature, particularly ethics-have traditionally employed the art of thematic expression to convey their intended messages. Among these works, Nafthat al-Masdur by Shihab al-Din Muhammad Zaydari stands out as a valuable example of ornate, refined and embellished prose (Sadeqi, 2008: 116–132) from the sixth and seventh centuries AH. Due to its style and content, the work has been regarded primarily in the domains of classical literature and history. Through the description of events and the narration of heart-rending laments, it offers glimpses of ethical themes—expressed as bath al-shakwa (outpouring of grievances)—in response to the adversities of the Mongol invasion during the Khwarazmian era, embedded in the texture of its language. Considering that the primary foundation of such works lies in lamentation, complaint, and articulation of the author’s personal hardships, this study adopts a descriptive-analytical method to examine both the lexical and thematic aspects of the text in order to answer the question: did the theme of ethics in this society have an impact on the fall of the Khwarazmian dynasty? Alongside a lexical-thematic analysis, the research identifies Nasawi’s mental sources in his reactive engagement with the calamity of the Mongol invasion, maps the ethical thematic correlates of the Khwarazmian era and its imagery network, and compares them with the ethical motifs prevalent in this society. The findings reveal manifestations of moral vices in both form and content. The most prominent among these vices include distrust, treachery, and similar traits, all of which collectively point to the ineffectiveness of wisdom and strategic measures, and to the detrimental impact of malevolent intentions-factors that ultimately contributed to the downfall of the Khwarazmian dynasty.

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