The linguistic study of the works of Sadeq Hedayat in hypomania and depression periods: The effect of bipolar mood disorder

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Esmaeelpour Elmira; SASANI FARHAD

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Journal: ZABANPAZHUHI (Iranian Journal of Language Research) Year:2018 | Volume:10 | Issue:27 Page(s): 7-26

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Title

The linguistic study of the works of Sadeq Hedayat in hypomania and depression periods: The effect of bipolar mood disorder

Author(s)

Esmaeelpour Elmira | SASANI FARHAD | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

rapid cycling bipolar disorderQ1

semantic scopeQ1

mixed episodeQ1

phaseQ1

hypomaniaQ1

Abstract

Bipolar affective disorder is a mood disorder in which the sufferer experiences marked mood swings which are beyond what most people experience. About one percent of people around the world have had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder at some point in their lifetime, most of whom have heightened level of creativity. With respect to descriptive psychiatry, a host of artists, including authors, have been seen with bipolar disorder. This study provides a linguistic analysis of bipolar disorder; the case study is Sadegh Hedayat's letters. Actually it makes an attempt to find out whether it is possible to diagnose bipolar disorder via studying linguistic features in people's texts. The results of the present research might contribute to clinical studies as well. It seems that language and cognition are aligned. In addition, on the basis of ideational metafunction of language, language is the reflection of human's mind and it interprets human's experience. In this research, Sadegh Hedayat's letters to Shahid Nourai are studied. The addressee is fixed to minimize the effective factors. The data is semantically analyzed and to study pressured speech and poverty of speech, topical shifts and moves are analyzed as well. Based on linguistic study of each letter, the result shows that each bipolar disorder episode, i. e. hypomania, depression, euthymia and mixed can be diagnosed by using the mentioned linguistic criteria as shown below. The number and the date of the letters written in hypomanic episode are shown in the table. 3-March 15, 1946 5-June 7, 1946 8-July 25, 1946 10-October 2, 1946 11-October 17, 1946 12-November 17, 1946 16-January 13, 1947 17-January 25, 1947 18-February 9, 1947 19-February 13, 1947 20-February 22, 1947 24-April 9, 1947 25-April 19, 1947 26-May 5, 1947 27-May 15, 1947 28-June 5, 1947 32-September 15, 1947 33-September 29, 1947 36-November 10, 1947 37-May 3, 1948 41-July 11, 1948 42-July 11, 1948 45-August 5, 1948 48-September 5, 1948 49-September 8, 1948 54-November 29, 1948 55-December 11, 1948 56-January 19, 1949 57-February 6, 1949 58-February 19, 1949 61-April 16, 1949 63-May 7, 1949 64-May 22, 1949 65-June 10, 1949 66-June 18, 1949 68-July 29, 1949 69-August 24, 1949 71-October 29, 1949 73-January 20, 1950 77-August 13, 1950 The number and the date of the letters related to mixed episode are shown in the table. 1-January 7, 1946 2-February 19, 1946 4-May 8, 1946 6-June 28, 1946 7-July 14, 1946 9-August 30, 1946 13-November 24, 1946 14-December 2, 1946 21-March 3, 1947 22-March 21, 1947 23-April 2 or 3, 1947 29-July 14, 1947 30-August 10, 1947 31-August 25, 1947 34-October 11, 1947 35-November 3, 1947 38-May 22, 1948 39-June 10, 1948 40-early June, 1948 43-July 18, 1948 44-July 25, 1948 46-August 18, 1948 47-August 29, 1948 50-October 3, 1948 51-October 19, 1948 52-November 8, 1948 53-November 15, 1948 59-April 3, 1949 62-May 1, 1949 67-July 12, 1949 70-October 2, 1949 74-June 3, 1950 75-July 2, 1950 76-July 22, 1950 78-August 27, 1950 79-October 10, 1950 The number and the date of the letters related to euthymic episode are shown in the table. 15-December 8, 1946 60-April 4, 1949 80-November 2, 1950 81-November 17, 1950 82-November 23, 1950 In addition, only one letter was spotted to be related to depression. The findings of this research confirm psychiatric achievements. Obviously, other semantic criteria (such as humiliation and ridicule) are introduced, which are in line with psychiatric definitions. The existence of the mixed episode in the episodes of bipolarity which Sadegh Hedayat had experienced is one of the achievements of this research. Also, the semantic characteristics, the rate of topical shifts and moves of these episodes have been studied. In addition, the study of letters in terms of the time of writing, clearly indicates the characteristics of bipolar disorder episodes in the intervals such as hypomania which is accompanied by pressured speech, and the depression episode which is accompanied by poverty of speech. Moreover, it seems that Hedayat suffered from rapid cycling bipolar disorder.

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APA: Copy

Esmaeelpour, Elmira, & SASANI, FARHAD. (2018). The linguistic study of the works of Sadeq Hedayat in hypomania and depression periods: The effect of bipolar mood disorder. JOURNAL OF ZABANPAZHUHI, 10(27 ), 7-26. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/187810/en

Vancouver: Copy

Esmaeelpour Elmira, SASANI FARHAD. The linguistic study of the works of Sadeq Hedayat in hypomania and depression periods: The effect of bipolar mood disorder. JOURNAL OF ZABANPAZHUHI[Internet]. 2018;10(27 ):7-26. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/187810/en

IEEE: Copy

Elmira Esmaeelpour, and FARHAD SASANI, “The linguistic study of the works of Sadeq Hedayat in hypomania and depression periods: The effect of bipolar mood disorder,” JOURNAL OF ZABANPAZHUHI, vol. 10, no. 27 , pp. 7–26, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/187810/en

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