Cultural Responses of Prehistoric Societies in North Central Iran to Holocene Climate Change

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SHAIKH BAIKLOO ISLAM BABAK; CHAYCHI AMIRKHIZ AHMAD; VALIPOUR HAMID REZA

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Journal: PAZHOHESH-HA-YE BASTANSHENASI IRAN Year:2019 | Volume:8 | Issue:19 Page(s): 7-26

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Title

Cultural Responses of Prehistoric Societies in North Central Iran to Holocene Climate Change

Author(s)

SHAIKH BAIKLOO ISLAM BABAK | CHAYCHI AMIRKHIZ AHMAD | VALIPOUR HAMID REZA | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

North Central Iran (NCI)Q1

HoloceneQ1

Abrupt Climate Change (ACC)Q1

Cultural ResponseQ2

SialkQ1

CheshmehQ1

Abstract

In the Holocene, despite the increase in climate sustainability compared to the last glacial, Abrupt Climate Change (ACC) has occurred repeatedly and periodically on global and regional scales, which have affected the culture and lifestyle of human societies. Effective human responses to these climatic events have always been possible through adaptation or migration. The cooling/warming climatic periods that have come with natural consequences such as extreme weather events (severe droughts, dust storms, heat waves, cold spells, torrential rainfalls and floods), due to the destruction and reduction of crop production, famine, social conflicts, widespread migration, displacement, disease outbreaks and rising mortality rates have also had significant effects on the physical and mental health of humans. This research seeks to answer the main question of how Holocene Abrupt climate changes have led to the decline and collapse of prehistoric cultures in the cultural region of North Central Iran (NCI). Given that the set of consequences during the current global climate change (global warming) are taking place, and there is also evidence from a historical period in this regard, it is likely that prehistoric cultures, during climate change periods, have fallen for reasons mentioned. This research deals with the possible culture-climate association in NCI during the 7th to 5th millennia B. C. s. According to the paleoclimate research and the archaeological information, at least 4 effective climate change (Cooling/Warming-Drought) events are likely to be a challenge and disruption to the inhabitants of this region. Likely, most of the Sialk I period have been spent in a relatively unfavorable climate, but there was a mild and wet climate in the late period, as well as the early Cheshmeh Ali phase. It seems that the first cultural flourishing period in NCI has occurred between about 5300-5000 B. C., and the second progress period, related to the late Cheshmeh Ali period, between about 4700-4400 B. C. . By the late 5th millennium B. C., there has been a cultural decline and a decrease in the number of settlements in most areas of the region.

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APA: Copy

SHAIKH BAIKLOO ISLAM, BABAK, CHAYCHI AMIRKHIZ, AHMAD, & VALIPOUR, HAMID REZA. (2019). Cultural Responses of Prehistoric Societies in North Central Iran to Holocene Climate Change. PAZHOHESH-HA-YE BASTANSHENASI IRAN, 8(19 ), 7-26. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/245088/en

Vancouver: Copy

SHAIKH BAIKLOO ISLAM BABAK, CHAYCHI AMIRKHIZ AHMAD, VALIPOUR HAMID REZA. Cultural Responses of Prehistoric Societies in North Central Iran to Holocene Climate Change. PAZHOHESH-HA-YE BASTANSHENASI IRAN[Internet]. 2019;8(19 ):7-26. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/245088/en

IEEE: Copy

BABAK SHAIKH BAIKLOO ISLAM, AHMAD CHAYCHI AMIRKHIZ, and HAMID REZA VALIPOUR, “Cultural Responses of Prehistoric Societies in North Central Iran to Holocene Climate Change,” PAZHOHESH-HA-YE BASTANSHENASI IRAN, vol. 8, no. 19 , pp. 7–26, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/245088/en

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