Environmental-terrorism in Iran and France criminal law

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HAJIVAND AMIN; SAFARI FARSHID; MIRKAMALI ALIREZA

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Journal: CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY STUDIES Year:2019 | Volume:48 | Issue:2 Page(s): 423-445

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Title

Environmental-terrorism in Iran and France criminal law

Author(s)

HAJIVAND AMIN | SAFARI FARSHID | MIRKAMALI ALIREZA | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Environmental-terrorismQ2

differential criminal procedureQ1

environmental crimeQ1

criminalityQ1

punishmentQ2

Abstract

Terrorism and the complexity of this phenomenon in terms of the introduction of its new types are at the head of the concerns of each legal system. in terms of Criminal law, a comprehensive criminal protection should be considered. one of the many types of terrorism, which at the same time is the most dangerous and the most common type is, environmental terrorism. Among the legal systems, for the first time, France by codifying materials in the new Penal Code of France adopted in 1992, provided a section on environmental crime of environmental terrorism, the French Criminal Procedure Act also provides for differential treatments of terrorist offenses in a separate chapter. French lawgiver by bringing the phrase in the definition of environmental terrorism in Article 421(2), which is the main element of a terrorist crime terrorism, has separated the environment from other environmental impacts, such as contamination of water, air, and so on. there is no separate crime under the name of environmental law in Iran's law, but in many laws there are manifestations of the concept environmental terrorism; one of these items is, Section 286 of the Islamic Penal Code, by stipulating, the author considers the perpetrator to be a “ mof-sedo-fel-arz. In this article, we will deal with the definition and similar cases of bio-terrorism in Iranian law and its adaptation to the country of France as a leading legal system in the field of Criminalization and imposing punishiment for Environmental-terrorism.

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APA: Copy

HAJIVAND, AMIN, SAFARI, FARSHID, & MIRKAMALI, ALIREZA. (2019). Environmental-terrorism in Iran and France criminal law. CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY STUDIES, 48(2 ), 423-445. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/260702/en

Vancouver: Copy

HAJIVAND AMIN, SAFARI FARSHID, MIRKAMALI ALIREZA. Environmental-terrorism in Iran and France criminal law. CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY STUDIES[Internet]. 2019;48(2 ):423-445. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/260702/en

IEEE: Copy

AMIN HAJIVAND, FARSHID SAFARI, and ALIREZA MIRKAMALI, “Environmental-terrorism in Iran and France criminal law,” CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY STUDIES, vol. 48, no. 2 , pp. 423–445, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/260702/en

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