GERMAN: Ü berprü fung der Lehre des Gottes Kalifen in Anbetracht des Umweltschutzes (ENGLISH: Comparing the Notions of “ Khalī fatullā h” and “ ʻ abdullā h” with an Environmental Approach)

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Shavarani Massoud

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Journal: SPEKTRUM IRAN Year:2019 | Volume:32 | Issue:2 Page(s): 143-167

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Title

GERMAN: Ü berprü fung der Lehre des Gottes Kalifen in Anbetracht des Umweltschutzes (ENGLISH: Comparing the Notions of “ Khalī fatullā h” and “ ʻ abdullā h” with an Environmental Approach)

Author(s)

Shavarani Massoud | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

(ENGLISH:Qur’

khalī

fatullā

Banī

umayya

Banī

bbā

taṣ

awuf

abdullā

envirounment)

Abstract

GERMAN: Eines der wichtigsten Wö rter auf dem Gebiet der Menschenkunde im Islam ist die Bedeutung des Wortes Kalifa „ Ḫ alī fa“ . Im Heiligen Koran sind dieses Wort und seine Pluralform Kalifen „ ḫ ulafā “ und „ ḫ ala ̕ if“ mehrmals erwä hnt worden. In den interpretativen, theologischen und mystischen Texten wird der Mensch als Stellvertreter Gottes auf der Erde „ Ḫ alī fat Allā h fī l-̕ arż “ angesehen, und das Ergebnis dieser Definition ist das Recht der Behauptung der menschlichen Souverä nitä t, Herrschaft und Ü berlegenheit ü ber das Universum, es wird jedoch dieser Satz im Heiligen Koran nicht erwä hnt. Angesichts der Wichtigkeit der Interpretation in den letzten Jahrhunderten und die Bedeutung, die dem Wort in der islamischen Theologie beigemessen wird, scheint notwendig zu sein, ü ber dieses Wort Nachforschungen anzustellen. ENGLISH: The widespread and rapid destruction of the environment poses a serious threat to the future of the Earth and the life of living things. Religious teachings can aid to develop a proper attitude amongst the followers. The doctrine of the “ khalī fatullā h” in Islamic theology is an extreme humancentered notion that considers man as the successor of God on earth and above all creatures. He, like God, can rule the world and its beings without the need for responsibility. In the present article, relying on the sources of Islamic theology and the method of content analysis and hermeneutics, it has been shown that the teaching of the khalī fatullā h has no place in the main sources of Islam including the Qur'an and Sunnah. This doctrine has been shaped and evolved by the political aims and desires of the Umayyad and ʻ Abbasid caliphates. Gradually, the term khalī fatullā h appeared in Muslim interpretive, theological, historical, philosophical, jurisprudential, literary and mystical texts. The position of man in the Qur'an and Sunnah is “ ʻ abdullā h” . Man in the position of ʻ abdullā h does not consider himself superior to other beings and adopts a modest and humane attitude towards nature. The greater one's sense of servitude to God, the more respectful and humble he is to God's creations. ʻ Abdullā h, unlike khalī fatullā h, saves natural and environmental sources.

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APA: Copy

Shavarani, Massoud. (2019). GERMAN: Ü berprü fung der Lehre des Gottes Kalifen in Anbetracht des Umweltschutzes (ENGLISH: Comparing the Notions of “ Khalī fatullā h” and “ ʻ abdullā h” with an Environmental Approach). SPEKTRUM IRAN, 32(2 ), 143-167. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/267492/en

Vancouver: Copy

Shavarani Massoud. GERMAN: Ü berprü fung der Lehre des Gottes Kalifen in Anbetracht des Umweltschutzes (ENGLISH: Comparing the Notions of “ Khalī fatullā h” and “ ʻ abdullā h” with an Environmental Approach). SPEKTRUM IRAN[Internet]. 2019;32(2 ):143-167. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/267492/en

IEEE: Copy

Massoud Shavarani, “GERMAN: Ü berprü fung der Lehre des Gottes Kalifen in Anbetracht des Umweltschutzes (ENGLISH: Comparing the Notions of “ Khalī fatullā h” and “ ʻ abdullā h” with an Environmental Approach),” SPEKTRUM IRAN, vol. 32, no. 2 , pp. 143–167, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/267492/en

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